शैडोइंग अभ्यास: Are computers always right? 6 Minute English - YouTube के साथ अंग्रेजी बोलना सीखें
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6 Minute English from bbclearningenglish.com Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English.
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सभी वाक्य96 वाक्य
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6 Minute English from bbclearningenglish.com Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English.
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I'm Catherine.
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And hello, I'm Rob.
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Today we have another technology topic.
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Oh good, I love technology.
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It makes things easier, it's fast and means I can have gadgets.
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Do you think that technology can actually do things better than humans?
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For some things, yes.
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I think cars that drive themselves will be safer than humans,
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but that will take away some of the pleasure of driving.
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So I guess it depends on what you mean by better.
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Good point, Rob.
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And that actually ties in very closely with today's topic, which is techno-chauvinism.
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What's that?
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We'll find out shortly, Rob,
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but before we do, today's quiz question.
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Artificial intelligence, or AI, is an area of computer science
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that develops the ability of computers to learn to do things like solve problems or drive cars without crashing.
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But in what decade was the term artificial intelligence coined?
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Was it a the 1940s,
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b the 1950s or c the 1960s?
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I think it's quite a new expression,
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so I'll go for c the 1960s.
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Good luck with that, Rob,
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and we'll give you the answer later in the programme.
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Now, let's get back to our topic of techno-chauvinism.
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I know what a chauvinist is – it's someone who thinks that their country or race or sex is better than others.
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But how does this relate to technology?
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We're about to find out.
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Meredith Broussard is Professor of Journalism at New York University and she's written a book called Artificial Unintelligence.
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She appeared on the BBC Radio 4 programme more or less to talk about it.
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Listen carefully and find out her definition of techno-chauvinism.
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Techno-chauvinism is the idea that technology is always the highest and best solution.
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So somehow over the past couple of decades,
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we got into the habit of thinking
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that doing something with a computer is always the best and most objective way to do something.
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And that's simply not true.
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Computers are not objective, they are proxies for the people who make them.
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What is Meredith Broussard's definition of techno-chauvinism?
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It's this idea that using technology is better than not using technology.
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She says that we have this idea that a computer is objective.
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Something that's objective is neutral.
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It doesn't have an opinion.
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It's fair and it's unbiased.
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So it's the opposite of being a chauvinist.
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But Meredith Broussard says this is not true.
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She argues that computers are not objective.
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They are proxies for the people that make them.
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You might know the word proxy when you're using your computer in one country
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and want to look at something that is only available in a different country.
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You can use a piece of software called a proxy to do that.
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But a proxy is also a person or a thing that carries out your wishes and your instructions for you.
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So computers are only as smart or as objective as the people that programme them.
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Computers are proxies for their programmers.
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Broussard says that believing too much in artificial intelligence can make the world worse.
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Let's hear a bit more.
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This time, find out what serious problems in society does she think may be reflected in AI?
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It's a nuanced problem.
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What we have is data on the world as it is,
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and we have serious problems with racism,
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sexism, classism, ageism in the world right now.
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So there is no such thing as perfect data.
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We also have a problem inside the tech world where the
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creators of algorithms do not have sufficient awareness of social issues such
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that they can make good technology that gets us closer to a world as it should be.
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She said that society has problems with racism, sexism, classism and ageism.
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And she says it's a nuanced problem.
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A nuanced problem is not simple but it does have small
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and important areas which may be hard to spot but they need to be considered.
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And she also talked about algorithms used to programme these technological systems.
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An algorithm is a set of instructions that computers use to perform their tasks.
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Essentially, it's the rules that they use to come up with their answers
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and Broussard believes that technology will reflect the views of those who create the algorithms.
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Next time you're using a piece of software or your favourite app,
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you might find yourself wondering if it's a useful tool
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or does it contain these little nuances that reflect the views of the developer?
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Right, Catherine, how about the answer to this week's question then?
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I asked in which decade was the term artificial intelligence coined?
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Was it the 40s, the 50s or the 60s?
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And I said the 60s.
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But it was actually the 1950s.
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Never mind, Rob.
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Let's review today's vocabulary.
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Well, we had a chauvinist – that's someone who believes their country,
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race or sex is better than any others.
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And this gives us techno-chauvinism – the belief that a technological solution is always a better solution to a problem.
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Next, someone or something that is objective is neutral, fair and balanced.
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A proxy is a piece of software,
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but also someone who does something for you on your behalf.
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A nuanced problem is a subtle one.
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It's not a simple case of right or wrong.
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In a nuanced problem, there are small but important things that you need to consider.
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And an algorithm is a set of software instructions for a computer system.
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Well, that's all we have time for today.
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Goodbye for now.
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Bye bye.
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शैडोइंग इंग्लिश ऐप के साथ कभी भी, कहीं भी अंग्रेजी सीखें। आज ही अपने संचार कौशल में सुधार करें!
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समृद्ध वीडियो लाइब्रेरी
संदर्भ और पृष्ठभूमि
इस वीडियो में कैथरीन और रॉब एक महत्वपूर्ण तकनीकी विषय पर चर्चा करते हैं। वे इस बात पर विचार करते हैं कि क्या कंप्यूटर वास्तव में मनुष्यों से बेहतर करते हैं। रॉब खुद ड्राइविंग का आनंद लेते हैं लेकिन मानते हैं कि स्वायत्त गाड़ियाँ सुरक्षा में बेहतर हो सकती हैं। इस चर्चा का मुख्य केंद्र 'टेक्नो-चौविनिज़्म' है, जिसमें यह विचार रखा गया है कि तकनीक हमेशा सबसे अच्छी और प्रभावी समाधान है। वे हमें यह बताने के लिए तैयार हैं कि यह धारणाएं कितनी सटीक हैं।
दैनिक संचार के लिए शीर्ष 5 वाक्य
- क्या तकनीक हमेशा सबसे बेहतर समाधान है? - "Is technology always the best solution?"
- क्या आप मानते हैं कि कंप्यूटर निष्पक्ष हैं? - "Do you think computers are objective?"
- यहाँ तकनीक के प्रति हमारे विचार कैसे विकसित हुए हैं? - "How have our thoughts about technology evolved?"
- कंप्यूटर हमारे द्वारा बनाए गए हैं, यह हमें ध्यान में रखना चाहिए। - "Computers are made by us; we must keep that in mind."
- क्या आप जानते हैं कि आर्टिफिशियल इंटेलिजेंस का अर्थ क्या है? - "Do you know what artificial intelligence means?"
स्टेप-बाय-स्टेप शैडोइंग गाइड
इस वीडियो की समझ को बेहतर बनाने के लिए, आपको अंग्रेजी शैडोइंग तकनीक का उपयोग करना चाहिए। यहाँ एक चरणबद्ध गाइड है:
- वीडियो को ध्यान से सुनें: पहले पूरे वीडियो को सुनें ताकि आप विषय की पूरी जानकारी ले सकें।
- क्लिप्स को छोटे भागों में विभाजित करें: वीडियो को छोटे हिस्सों में बांटें ताकि आप हर हिस्से को ध्यान से समझ सकें।
- शोध करें और नोट बनाएं: महत्वपूर्ण वाक्य और शब्दों को नोट करें जो संवाद में आते हैं।
- शैडो स्पीच का अभ्यास करें: वीडियो को प्ले करते समय बोलने वाले के साथ-साथ बोलने का प्रयास करें।
- फिर से सुनें और सुधारें: अपने अभ्यास के बाद, वीडियो को फिर से सुनें और अपनी उच्चारण और प्रवाह पर ध्यान दें।
यह आपको shadowspeak में सुधार करने और अपने अंग्रेजी संवाद कौशल को बढ़ाने में मदद करेगा। इन चरणों का पालन करके, आप अपनी संचार क्षमता को बेहतर बना सकते हैं और shadow speak में निपुण हो सकते हैं।
शैडोइंग तकनीक क्या है?
शैडोइंग (Shadowing) एक विज्ञान-समर्थित भाषा सीखने की तकनीक है जो मूल रूप से पेशेवर दुभाषिया प्रशिक्षण के लिए विकसित की गई थी। विधि सरल लेकिन शक्तिशाली है: आप मूल अंग्रेज़ी ऑडियो सुनते हैं और तुरंत इसे ज़ोर से दोहराते हैं — जैसे वक्ता की छाया 1-2 सेकंड की देरी से। शोध से पता चलता है कि यह उच्चारण सटीकता, स्वर, लय, जुड़ी हुई ध्वनियाँ, सुनने की समझ और बोलने की प्रवाहशीलता में काफ़ी सुधार करता है।
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