Pratica di Shadowing: Are computers always right? 6 Minute English - Impara a parlare inglese con YouTube

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6 Minute English from bbclearningenglish.com Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English.
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6 Minute English from bbclearningenglish.com Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English.
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I'm Catherine.
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And hello, I'm Rob.
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Today we have another technology topic.
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Oh good, I love technology.
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It makes things easier, it's fast and means I can have gadgets.
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Do you think that technology can actually do things better than humans?
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For some things, yes.
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I think cars that drive themselves will be safer than humans,
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but that will take away some of the pleasure of driving.
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So I guess it depends on what you mean by better.
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Good point, Rob.
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And that actually ties in very closely with today's topic, which is techno-chauvinism.
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What's that?
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We'll find out shortly, Rob,
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but before we do, today's quiz question.
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Artificial intelligence, or AI, is an area of computer science
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that develops the ability of computers to learn to do things like solve problems or drive cars without crashing.
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But in what decade was the term artificial intelligence coined?
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Was it a the 1940s,
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b the 1950s or c the 1960s?
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I think it's quite a new expression,
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so I'll go for c the 1960s.
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Good luck with that, Rob,
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and we'll give you the answer later in the programme.
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Now, let's get back to our topic of techno-chauvinism.
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I know what a chauvinist is – it's someone who thinks that their country or race or sex is better than others.
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But how does this relate to technology?
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We're about to find out.
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Meredith Broussard is Professor of Journalism at New York University and she's written a book called Artificial Unintelligence.
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She appeared on the BBC Radio 4 programme more or less to talk about it.
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Listen carefully and find out her definition of techno-chauvinism.
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Techno-chauvinism is the idea that technology is always the highest and best solution.
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So somehow over the past couple of decades,
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we got into the habit of thinking
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that doing something with a computer is always the best and most objective way to do something.
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And that's simply not true.
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Computers are not objective, they are proxies for the people who make them.
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What is Meredith Broussard's definition of techno-chauvinism?
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It's this idea that using technology is better than not using technology.
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She says that we have this idea that a computer is objective.
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Something that's objective is neutral.
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It doesn't have an opinion.
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It's fair and it's unbiased.
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So it's the opposite of being a chauvinist.
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But Meredith Broussard says this is not true.
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She argues that computers are not objective.
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They are proxies for the people that make them.
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You might know the word proxy when you're using your computer in one country
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and want to look at something that is only available in a different country.
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You can use a piece of software called a proxy to do that.
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But a proxy is also a person or a thing that carries out your wishes and your instructions for you.
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So computers are only as smart or as objective as the people that programme them.
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Computers are proxies for their programmers.
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Broussard says that believing too much in artificial intelligence can make the world worse.
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Let's hear a bit more.
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This time, find out what serious problems in society does she think may be reflected in AI?
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It's a nuanced problem.
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What we have is data on the world as it is,
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and we have serious problems with racism,
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sexism, classism, ageism in the world right now.
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So there is no such thing as perfect data.
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We also have a problem inside the tech world where the
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creators of algorithms do not have sufficient awareness of social issues such
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that they can make good technology that gets us closer to a world as it should be.
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She said that society has problems with racism, sexism, classism and ageism.
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And she says it's a nuanced problem.
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A nuanced problem is not simple but it does have small
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and important areas which may be hard to spot but they need to be considered.
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And she also talked about algorithms used to programme these technological systems.
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An algorithm is a set of instructions that computers use to perform their tasks.
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Essentially, it's the rules that they use to come up with their answers
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and Broussard believes that technology will reflect the views of those who create the algorithms.
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Next time you're using a piece of software or your favourite app,
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you might find yourself wondering if it's a useful tool
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or does it contain these little nuances that reflect the views of the developer?
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Right, Catherine, how about the answer to this week's question then?
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I asked in which decade was the term artificial intelligence coined?
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Was it the 40s, the 50s or the 60s?
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And I said the 60s.
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But it was actually the 1950s.
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Never mind, Rob.
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Let's review today's vocabulary.
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Well, we had a chauvinist – that's someone who believes their country,
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race or sex is better than any others.
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And this gives us techno-chauvinism – the belief that a technological solution is always a better solution to a problem.
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Next, someone or something that is objective is neutral, fair and balanced.
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A proxy is a piece of software,
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but also someone who does something for you on your behalf.
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A nuanced problem is a subtle one.
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It's not a simple case of right or wrong.
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In a nuanced problem, there are small but important things that you need to consider.
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And an algorithm is a set of software instructions for a computer system.
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Well, that's all we have time for today.
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Goodbye for now.
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Bye bye.

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Informazioni su questa lezione

In questa lezione, praticherai l'inglese con un focus sull'argomento della relazione tra tecnologia e umanità. Esplorerai il concetto di techno-chauvinism, che si riferisce all'idea che la tecnologia sia sempre la migliore soluzione. Dalla discussione si evincerà come i computer non siano mai completamente obiettivi e come le opinioni umane influenzino i risultati tecnologici. Questa lezione è utile per migliorare la comprensione orale e la pronuncia attraverso shadowing e pratiche di conversazione in inglese.

Vocabolario chiave e frasi

  • Techno-chauvinism: l'idea che la tecnologia sia sempre la soluzione migliore.
  • Objective: neutro, senza opinione.
  • Proxies: sostituti o rappresentanti, in questo caso riferito ai computer che rappresentano le opinioni dei loro creatori.
  • Artificial intelligence (AI): intelligenza artificiale, la capacità dei computer di apprendere e risolvere problemi.
  • Unbiased: imparziale, senza pregiudizi.

Consigli per la pratica

Per migliorare la pronuncia inglese e affinare le tue abilità nel parlare, utilizza il shadowing in inglese mentre ascolti il video. Ecco alcuni consigli per massimizzare la tua pratica:

  • Ascolta attentamente: Fai attenzione non solo alle parole, ma anche al tono e alla velocità del parlato. Il video presenta un ritmo moderato che è ideal per la pratica di conversazione in inglese.
  • Ripeti dopo gli speaker: Usa la tecnica del shadowspeak per ripetere in tempo reale. Cerca di imitare il loro accento e intonazione per sviluppare una pronuncia più naturale.
  • Rivedi il vocabolario chiave: Prima di iniziare il shadowing, familiarizza con il vocabolario chiave della lezione. Ciò ti aiuterà a comprendere meglio il contesto.
  • Fai delle pause: Non esitare a mettere in pausa il video per ripetere frasi che trovi particolarmente difficili. Il ripasso aumenta la tua fiducia nel parlare.
  • Parla ad alta voce: Non limitarti a ascoltare; parla ad alta voce durante il shadowing. Questo esercizio è fondamentale per migliorare la tua fluidità e sicurezza.

Ripeti questi passi ogni volta che pratichi con video in inglese; aiuteranno a rendere l'apprendimento più efficace e coinvolgente.

Cos'è la tecnica dello Shadowing?

Shadowing è una tecnica di apprendimento delle lingue supportata da studi scientifici, originariamente sviluppata per la formazione dei traduttori professionisti e resa popolare dal poliglotta Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Il metodo è semplice ma potente: ascolti un audio in inglese di madrelingua e lo ripeti immediatamente ad alta voce — come un'ombra che segue il parlante con un ritardo di solo 1–2 secondi. A differenza dell'ascolto passivo o degli esercizi di grammatica, lo shadowing costringe il tuo cervello e i muscoli della bocca a elaborare e riprodurre simultaneamente i modelli di discorso reale. La ricerca dimostra che migliora significativamente la precisione della pronuncia, l'intonazione, il ritmo, il discorso connesso, la comprensione dell'ascolto e la fluidità del parlato — rendendolo uno dei metodi più efficaci per la preparazione alla prova di speaking dell'IELTS e per la comunicazione reale in inglese.

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