跟读练习: Are computers always right? 6 Minute English - 通过YouTube学习英语口语
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6 Minute English from bbclearningenglish.com Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English.
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6 Minute English from bbclearningenglish.com Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English.
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I'm Catherine.
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And hello, I'm Rob.
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Today we have another technology topic.
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Oh good, I love technology.
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It makes things easier, it's fast and means I can have gadgets.
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Do you think that technology can actually do things better than humans?
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For some things, yes.
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I think cars that drive themselves will be safer than humans,
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but that will take away some of the pleasure of driving.
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So I guess it depends on what you mean by better.
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Good point, Rob.
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And that actually ties in very closely with today's topic, which is techno-chauvinism.
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What's that?
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We'll find out shortly, Rob,
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but before we do, today's quiz question.
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Artificial intelligence, or AI, is an area of computer science
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that develops the ability of computers to learn to do things like solve problems or drive cars without crashing.
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But in what decade was the term artificial intelligence coined?
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Was it a the 1940s,
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b the 1950s or c the 1960s?
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I think it's quite a new expression,
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so I'll go for c the 1960s.
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Good luck with that, Rob,
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and we'll give you the answer later in the programme.
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Now, let's get back to our topic of techno-chauvinism.
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I know what a chauvinist is – it's someone who thinks that their country or race or sex is better than others.
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But how does this relate to technology?
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We're about to find out.
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Meredith Broussard is Professor of Journalism at New York University and she's written a book called Artificial Unintelligence.
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She appeared on the BBC Radio 4 programme more or less to talk about it.
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Listen carefully and find out her definition of techno-chauvinism.
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Techno-chauvinism is the idea that technology is always the highest and best solution.
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So somehow over the past couple of decades,
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we got into the habit of thinking
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that doing something with a computer is always the best and most objective way to do something.
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And that's simply not true.
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Computers are not objective, they are proxies for the people who make them.
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What is Meredith Broussard's definition of techno-chauvinism?
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It's this idea that using technology is better than not using technology.
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She says that we have this idea that a computer is objective.
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Something that's objective is neutral.
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It doesn't have an opinion.
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It's fair and it's unbiased.
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So it's the opposite of being a chauvinist.
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But Meredith Broussard says this is not true.
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She argues that computers are not objective.
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They are proxies for the people that make them.
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You might know the word proxy when you're using your computer in one country
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and want to look at something that is only available in a different country.
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You can use a piece of software called a proxy to do that.
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But a proxy is also a person or a thing that carries out your wishes and your instructions for you.
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So computers are only as smart or as objective as the people that programme them.
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Computers are proxies for their programmers.
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Broussard says that believing too much in artificial intelligence can make the world worse.
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Let's hear a bit more.
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This time, find out what serious problems in society does she think may be reflected in AI?
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It's a nuanced problem.
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What we have is data on the world as it is,
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and we have serious problems with racism,
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sexism, classism, ageism in the world right now.
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So there is no such thing as perfect data.
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We also have a problem inside the tech world where the
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creators of algorithms do not have sufficient awareness of social issues such
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that they can make good technology that gets us closer to a world as it should be.
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She said that society has problems with racism, sexism, classism and ageism.
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And she says it's a nuanced problem.
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A nuanced problem is not simple but it does have small
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and important areas which may be hard to spot but they need to be considered.
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And she also talked about algorithms used to programme these technological systems.
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An algorithm is a set of instructions that computers use to perform their tasks.
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Essentially, it's the rules that they use to come up with their answers
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and Broussard believes that technology will reflect the views of those who create the algorithms.
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Next time you're using a piece of software or your favourite app,
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you might find yourself wondering if it's a useful tool
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or does it contain these little nuances that reflect the views of the developer?
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Right, Catherine, how about the answer to this week's question then?
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I asked in which decade was the term artificial intelligence coined?
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Was it the 40s, the 50s or the 60s?
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And I said the 60s.
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But it was actually the 1950s.
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Never mind, Rob.
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Let's review today's vocabulary.
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Well, we had a chauvinist – that's someone who believes their country,
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race or sex is better than any others.
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And this gives us techno-chauvinism – the belief that a technological solution is always a better solution to a problem.
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Next, someone or something that is objective is neutral, fair and balanced.
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A proxy is a piece of software,
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but also someone who does something for you on your behalf.
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A nuanced problem is a subtle one.
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It's not a simple case of right or wrong.
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In a nuanced problem, there are small but important things that you need to consider.
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And an algorithm is a set of software instructions for a computer system.
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Well, that's all we have time for today.
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Goodbye for now.
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Bye bye.
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背景与背景
在本期的《6分钟英语》中，主持人凯瑟琳和罗布探讨了一个与技术相关的主题，即“技术沙文主义”。他们讨论了科技是否总能超越人类，特别是在人工智能的应用上。通过分享对技术的不同看法，加深了听众对这一话题的理解。节目中提到的梅雷迪斯·布劳萨德教授提供了“技术沙文主义”的定义，强调科技并非始终是最客观的解决方案，从而引发了我们对技术与人类之间关系的思考。
日常交流必备五个短语
- “能够做到” (can actually do)
- “比人类更好” (better than humans)
- “客观的” (objective)
- “中立的” (neutral)
- “并不准确” (not true)
这些短语是日常交流中常见的用法，掌握这些语言将帮助你在讨论科技时更加自信。
逐步跟读指导
如果你想通过这段视频提高自己的英语口语能力，可以采取以下步骤进行shadow speech练习：
- 听第一遍：观看视频时，不要带字幕，尽量去理解内容。这将有助于你对对话的整体把握。
- 分段练习：将视频分成若干小段，每段观看一次。记下每段中的关键短语和表达。
- 重复跟读：在每段播放后，暂停视频，模仿说话者的语调和节奏，进行shadow speak练习。
- 记录反馈：录下自己的声音，与原声进行对比，留意发音和连贯性。
- 反复练习：每天定时进行这些练习，逐步提高你的雅思口语练习水平，增强自信。
通过这些步骤，你将能够在看YouTube学英语的过程中，更好地掌握口语表达，提升交流能力，同时在使用英语进行讨论时感到更加自在。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。