शैडोइंग अभ्यास: How The Dinosaurs Actually Died - वीडियो के साथ अंग्रेजी बोलना सीखें

A ruthless murder was committed.

Someone killed the dinosaurs, and we have the murderer.

Witnesses say that an Everest-sized asteroid hit Earth,

devastated the planet and caused a mass extinction.

A simple, fascinating and convincing explanation.

Or is it?

In the last few years,

new evidence has reinvigorated an older theory pointing at a second suspect.

A very slow and liquid asteroid,

1,000 times bigger, hitting Earth on the opposite side of the planet.

Like the true crime channel we are,

let's look at the new evidence and tell a different story that could change everything we thought we knew.

The last days of a kingdom.

66 million years ago, Earth was barely recognizable.

It was the last days of the Cretaceous,

one of the hottest periods in Earth's history, and much more humid.

Lush jungles and woodlands covered much of the planet.

Even the polar regions were home to forests of prehistoric pines and ferns.

Amazing ecosystems that were robust enough to survive the many months of darkness during the polar night.

Oversized animals were everywhere.

Pterosaurs filled the skies.

Marine lizards and long-necked monsters up to 15 meters swam in the oceans.

And on land, basically everything larger than one meter was a dinosaur one of the most successful animals ever to walk Earth,

dominating the world for more than 150 million years.

And then they were murdered.

All these majestic creatures vanished in a split second of geological time.

Why?

Yes, it is true that around that time a big asteroid hit Earth.

But was this actually what killed the dinosaurs?

Or did it arrive just in time to get all the blame?

Because according to some recent science,

just before the asteroid struck,

an ancient nightmare, older than even the dinosaurs,

decided to destroy the world.

Let's look at how it might have done it.

The Beast Slowly Awakens The ancient continents almost resembled the world of today, but not quite.

India was still a continent-sized tropical island,

full of lush rainforests and exotic life on its way to smash into Asia.

But this paradise also hosted something else.

The Deccan Traps, a volcanic region a thousand kilometers wide and about to come to life in a dramatic fashion.

The apocalypse began quietly and silently.

About 800,000 years before the impact,

the Deccan Traps began to exhale about 10 million tons of CO2 and sulfur dioxide each year.

Which in the grand scheme of things was not that much,

so for a long time no one noticed.

The problem was, these emissions wouldn't stop.

For half a million years,

they started to dangerously pile up in the atmosphere.

About 300,000 years before the asteroid,

the Deccan Traps started to vomit lava.

This was nothing like a normal eruption.

It was a lava flood.

Imagine a landscape with volcanoes stretching beyond the horizon.

They were constantly active, releasing a steady flow of massive amounts of poison and lava,

interrupted by much more violent and deadly eruptions.

The lush paradise of India was the first victim as gigantic clouds spread toxic fumes and poisoned the coastal regions.

Clouds of ash darkened the sky as rivers of magma started massive wildfires,

eradicating many local ecosystems and paving the continent with dead dinosaurs.

Still at this point, it all looked like a local catastrophe,

one of many that have hit our planet over its billions of years of history.

Had it stopped here, there might still be dinosaurs today.

But the nightmare hadn't even begun yet.

The beast turns furious.

The Deccan Traps would just not stop spewing lava.

And so, after hundreds of thousands of years of never-ending volcanic emissions,

the catastrophe became global.

First, the planet experienced a wave of heating,

with oceans getting at least 2 degrees Celsius hotter in just 100,000 years.

Which is bad, but just about the time frame that leaves ecosystems a chance to adapt.

But then, nature would pull a cruel prank.

Some of the gases of the Deccan traps heated the planet up,

while others cooled it down.

But the mix was uneven,

so after the initial warming,

a period of cooling followed,

followed, massively stressing the ecosystems that barely managed to adapt to the hotter temperatures.

At the same time, the sulfur in the atmosphere came back down as acid rain,

while the CO2 was acidifying the oceans and killing the plankton,

which was, and still is today,

the basis of the food web in the oceans.

And if plankton disappears, a massive extinction is all but guaranteed.

But now, the grand finale was about to begin.

About 50,000 years before impact, the true apocalypse came.

Like a cosmic horror breaking out of its prison,

the Deccan Traps roared and screamed

and began to spew out tens of trillions of tons of magma

and even more deadly gases in an onslaught that lasted for several thousand years,

rolling over ecosystems, devastating everything they reached.

For a time as long as all of human civilization,

this lava Armageddon brought massive wildfires.

Earthquakes and tsunamis smashed and shook the continent.

So much heat was released from the roaring hot interior of our planet that it might have created hypercanes,

cyclones tens of kilometers wide with winds reaching almost 1,000 kilometers an hour,

three times more than the deadliest hurricane ever recorded by humanity.

These storms were so massive and intense

that they could reach tens of kilometers into the stratosphere

and rip holes into the ozone layer with devastating consequences for all life,

now without protection from the sun's radiation.

And of course, where the hyperstorms occurred,

100

devastation and death would follow.

101

And as if all this wasn't enough,

102

out of the guts of the earth came colossal amounts of venom.

103

Giant clouds loaded with mercury and hydrochloric acid rolled over the planet,

104

delivering the final blow to the remnants of a once magnificent and fertile world.

105

As food chains crumbled and the whole world around them collapsed,

106

some of the last dinosaurs to ever walk the earth may have died vomiting toxic foam while being bathed in acid rain.

107

A cruel end for for the members of a noble family that had ruled the world for so long.

108

Then it just ended.

109

The frenetic eruptions slowed down and the endless natural disasters began to fade away.

110

But the world was changed forever.

111

The monster had left unfathomable devastation and corpses in its wake.

112

Even the planet's ecosystems far away were severely wounded.

113

It was the end of a whole geological era.

114

A murder that started slowly and then turned loud and violent.

115

And then it happened.

116

Like a cosmic joke, on the other side of the world,

117

a bright dot of light appeared in the sky.

118

And an instant later, an asteroid 10 kilometers across smashed into Earth with the power of 4 billion atomic bombs.

119

If you want to see what this was like,

120

we made a whole video about it.

121

If life on Earth was like a murder victim barely holding on,

122

this was the final blow.

123

Just too much.

124

After the massacre on the other side of the world,

125

the Deccan Traps went on expelling tens of trillions of tons of deadly gases for another 800,000 years,

126

making sure the devastated planet stayed covered in poison.

127

When they eventually finished and truly went back to sleep,

128

75% of all species on Earth had perished.

129

Most famously, almost all dinosaurs.

130

Except birds, the only dinos that are still with us today today.

131

Their stunning beauty and diversity are a shy reminder of how majestic and wonderful their larger cousins must have been.

132

So, who was the murderer?

133

Were the dinosaurs doomed by the traps,

134

or would they have survived without the asteroid?

135

Was it teamwork?

136

Well, we don't know.

137

Scientists have been fiercely debating this question for years,

138

but for now we have no definite answer.

139

The timeline of events

140

that we've shown here is based on some of the most recent reconstructions of the evolution of the Deccan traps.

141

There are other ones that paint a different picture,

142

but right now scientists are still fiercely arguing over this.

143

Check our sources to learn more.

144

So, like much of true crime,

145

we can't end this story with an easy and satisfying resolution.

146

Time has the nasty habit of erasing evidence,

147

so maybe we'll never really know.

148

But there is something else hidden in the dust, something truly terrifying.

149

As we learn more and more about the past,

150

we've found

151

that at least four of the five Five big mass extinctions

152

happened at the same time as the Earth was furiously spewing gargantuan amounts of magma.

153

The monster that might have killed the dinosaurs seems to be a serial killer.

154

The worst massacre ever, the Permian mass extinction 250 million years ago,

155

was caused by the Siberian Traps,

156

a hellish flood of lava that killed 95% of all the species on Earth,

157

almost bringing life to its knees.

158

Still recently, many scientists thought that this was an outlier,

159

but new evidence suggests it may have been the rule.

160

Other big mass extinctions happened when the monster awoke from its sleep,

161

and the longer and more violently it rampaged,

162

the more slaughter we can see in the fossil record.

163

So maybe the dinosaurs were not massacred by a casual murderer from outer space,

164

but by a serial killer hiding beneath our feet.

165

Do you need to worry about all of this?

166

Definitely not.

167

While the monster is real,

168

it's amazingly slow and currently very sleepy.

169

If it were about to awaken again,

170

scientists monitoring the Earth's interior would get a warning really early,

171

maybe even millions of years in advance,

172

time enough to prepare and move out of the way.

173

Enough about mysteries of the past and onto puzzles in the present.

174

We're testing out this project crate from our sponsor KiwiCo today.

175

They offer fun crates for kids on topics like science,

176

mechanics, biology, and even things like ice cream making and, yes, dinosaurs too.

177

Each one is like a little adventure in a box that lands on your doorstep,

178

either individually or as a subscription.

179

And each box comes with all of the supplies you need along with kid-friendly instructions to help guide the way.

180

So, what do we have here?

181

A puzzle maybe?

182

No, a robot crab.

183

Well, go ahead, assemble it.

184

Good job!

185

This is a project that lets you build a robot yourself

186

and gives you lots of background info on the ins and outs of how it works.

187

We wanted to work with KiwiCo because they spent hundreds

188

and hundreds of hours on fine-tuning and testing their products just like we do on our videos.

189

There are more than 2,000 projects available for kids of all ages.

190

Yeah, don't worry, you count as a kid at heart.

191

If you're ready to explore and learn in a whole new way,

192

click on the link in the info box or use the code KORTSGASAGS to get 50% off your first month of KiwiCo.

शैडोइंग तकनीक क्या है?

शैडोइंग (Shadowing) एक विज्ञान-समर्थित भाषा सीखने की तकनीक है जो मूल रूप से पेशेवर दुभाषिया प्रशिक्षण के लिए विकसित की गई थी। विधि सरल लेकिन शक्तिशाली है: आप मूल अंग्रेज़ी ऑडियो सुनते हैं और तुरंत इसे ज़ोर से दोहराते हैं — जैसे वक्ता की छाया 1-2 सेकंड की देरी से। शोध से पता चलता है कि यह उच्चारण सटीकता, स्वर, लय, जुड़ी हुई ध्वनियाँ, सुनने की समझ और बोलने की प्रवाहशीलता में काफ़ी सुधार करता है।

शैडोइंग अभ्यास: How The Dinosaurs Actually Died - वीडियो के साथ अंग्रेजी बोलना सीखें

इस पाठ के बारे में

मुख्य शब्दावली और वाक्यांश

अभ्यास टिप्स

शैडोइंग तकनीक क्या है?