Pratica di Shadowing: [TED Vietsub] Josh Kaufman - Học mọi thứ chỉ với 20 giờ - Impara a parlare inglese con i video

Reviewer Gopal Hi, everyone.

Two years ago, my life changed forever.

My wife, Kelsey, and I welcomed our daughter, Leela, into the world.

Now, becoming a parent is an amazing, amazing experience.

Your whole world changes overnight, and all of your priorities change immediately,

so fast that it makes it really difficult to process sometimes.

Now, you also have to learn a tremendous amount about being a parent.

Like, for example, how to dress your child.

This was new to me.

This is an actual outfit.

I thought this was a good idea.

And even Leela knows that it's not a good idea.

So there was so much to learn and so much craziness all at once.

And to add to the craziness, Kelsey and I both work from home.

We're entrepreneurs.

We run our own businesses.

So Kelsey is a...

develops courses online for yoga teachers.

I'm an author.

And so I'm working from home.

Kelsey's working from home we have an infant

and we're trying to make sure that everything gets done that needs done and

life is really really really busy and a couple weeks into this amazing experience when the sleep deprivation

really kicked in like around week eight I had this thought and it was the same thought that parents across the ages,

internationally, everybody has had this thought, which is, I am never going to have free time ever again.

And somebody said it's true.

Yeah, it's not exactly true, but it feels really, really true in that moment.

And this was really disconcerting to me, because one of the things that I enjoy, than anything else is learning new things.

Getting curious about something and diving in and fiddling around

and learning through trial and error and eventually becoming pretty good at something.

And without this free time, I didn't know how I was ever going to do that ever again.

And so I'm a big geek.

I want to keep learning things.

I want to keep growing.

And so what I decided to do was go to the library

and go to the bookstore and look at what research says about how we learn and how we learn quickly.

And I read a bunch of books, I read a bunch of websites, and trying to answer this question, how long does it take to acquire a new skill?

You know what I found?

10,000 hours.

Anybody ever heard this?

It takes 10,000 hours.

If you want to learn something new, if you want to be good at it, it's going to take 10,000 hours to get there.

And I read this in book after book and website after website,

and my mental experience of reading all of this stuff was like, No!

I don't have time.

I don't have 10,000 hours.

I am never going to be able to learn anything new ever again. But that's not true.

So 10,000 hours, just to give you a rough order of magnitude, 10,000 hours is a full-time job for five years.

That's a long time.

And we've all had the experience of learning something new, and it didn't take us anywhere close to that amount of time, right?

So what's up?

There's something kind of funky going on here.

What the research says and what we expect and have experiences, they don't match up.

And what I found, here's the wrinkle.

The 10,000-hour rule came out of studies of expert-level performance.

There was a professor at Florida State University, his name is Kay Anders Ericsson.

He's the originator of the 10,000-hour rule.

And where that came from is he studied professional athletes,

world-class musicians, chess grandmasters, all of these ultra-competitive folks in ultra-high-performing fields,

and he tried to figure out how long does it take to get to the top of those kinds of fields.

And what he found is the more deliberate practice, the more time that those individuals spent practicing the elements, whatever it is that they do,

the more time you spend, the better you get.

And the folks at the tippy top of their fields put in around 10,000 hours of practice.

Now, we were talking about the game of telephone a little bit earlier.

Here's what happened.

An author by the name of Malcolm Gladwell wrote a book in 2007 called Outliers, the Story of Success.

And the centerpiece of that book was the 10,000-hour rule.

Practice a lot, practice well, and you will do extremely well.

You'll reach the top of your field.

So, the message, what Dr. Erickson was actually saying is,

it takes 10,000 hours to get to the top of an ultra-competitive field in a very narrow subject.

That's what that means.

But here's what happened.

Outliers came out, immediately came out, reached the top of the bestseller list, stayed there for three solid months.

All of a sudden, the 10,000-hour rule was everywhere.

And a society-wide game of telephone started to be played.

So this message, it takes 10,000 hours to reach the top of an ultra-competitive field, became it takes 10,000 hours to become an expert at something,

which became, it takes 10,000 hours to become good at something,

which became, it takes 10,000 hours to learn something.

But that last statement, it takes 10,000 hours to learn something, it's not true.

It's not true.

So, what the research actually says, I spent a lot of time here at the CSU library in the cognitive psychology stacks,

because I'm a geek, And when you actually look at the studies of skill acquisition, you see over and over and over a graph like this.

Now, researchers, whether they're studying a motor skill, something you do physically, or a mental skill, they like to study things that they can time,

because you can quantify that, right?

So they'll give research participants a little task, something that requires physical arrangement, or something that requires learning a little mental trick,

and they'll time how long a participant takes to complete the skill.

And here's what this graph says.

When you start, so when researchers gave participants a task, it took them a really long time, because it was new and they were horrible.

With a little bit of practice, they get better and better and better, and that early part of practice is really, really efficient.

People get good at things with just a little bit of practice.

Now, what's interesting to note is that if, you know, we don't really, for skills that we want to learn for ourselves, we don't care so much about time, right?

We just care about how good we are, whatever good happens to mean.

So if we relabel performance time to how good you are, the graph flips, and you get this famous and widely known,

this is the learning curve.

And the story of the learning curve is when you start, you're grossly incompetent and you know it.

Right?

With a little bit of practice, you get really good really quick, so that early level of improvement is really fast.

And then at a certain point, you reach a plateau, and the subsequent gains become much harder to get.

100

They take more time to get.

101

Now, my question is, I want that.

102

Right?

103

How long does it take from starting something and being grossly incompetent in knowing it,

104

to being reasonably good, in hopefully as short a period of time as possible.

105

So, how long does that take?

106

Here's what my research says.

107

20 hours.

108

That's it.

109

You can go from knowing nothing about any skill that you can think of.

110

Want to learn a language?

111

Want to learn how to draw?

112

want to learn how to juggle flaming chainsaws?

113

If you put 20 hours of focused, deliberate practice into that thing, you will be astounded, astounded at how good you are.

114

20 hours is doable.

115

That's about 45 minutes a day for about a month, even skipping a couple days here and there.

116

20 hours isn't that hard to accumulate.

117

Now, there's a method to doing this, because it's not like you can just start fiddling around for about 20 hours and expect these massive improvements.

118

There's a way to practice intelligently.

119

There's a way to practice efficiently that will make sure that you invest those 20 hours

120

in the most effective way that you possibly can.

121

And here's the method, it applies to anything.

122

The first is to deconstruct the skill.

123

Decide exactly what you want to be able to do when you're done,

124

and then look into the skill and break it down into smaller and smaller pieces.

125

Most of the things that we think of as skills are actually big bundles of skills

126

that require all sorts of different things.

127

The more you can break apart the skill, the more you're able to decide what are the parts of the skill

128

that will actually help me get to what I want, and then you can practice those first.

129

And if you practice the most important things first, you'll be able to improve your performance in the least amount of time possible.

130

The second is learn enough to self-correct.

131

So get three to five resources about what it is you're trying to learn.

132

Could be books, could be DVDs, could be courses, could be anything.

133

But don't use those as a way to procrastinate on practice.

134

I know I do this, right?

135

Get like 20 books about the topic, it's like, I'm going to start learning how to program a computer when I complete these 20 books.

136

No. That's procrastination.

137

What you want to do is learn just enough that you can actually practice and self-correct, or self-edit as you practice.

138

So the learning becomes a way of getting better at noticing when you're making a mistake

139

and then doing something a little different.

140

The third is to remove barriers to practice.

141

Distractions, television, Internet, All of these things that get in the way of you actually sitting down and doing the work.

142

And the more you're able to use just a little bit of willpower

143

to remove the distractions that are keeping you from practicing, the more likely you are to actually sit down and practice.

144

Right?

145

And the fourth is to practice for at least 20 hours.

146

Now, most skills have what I call a frustration barrier.

147

You know, the grossly incompetent knowing it part?

148

That's really, really frustrating.

149

We don't like to feel stupid.

150

And feeling stupid is a barrier to us actually sitting down and doing the work.

151

So, by pre-committing to practicing whatever it is that you want to do for at least 20 hours,

152

you will be able to overcome that initial frustration barrier and stick with the practice long enough to actually reap the rewards.

153

That's it.

154

It's not rocket science.

155

Four very simple steps that you can use to learn anything.

156

Now, this is easy to talk about in theory, but it's more fun to talk about in practice.

157

So, one of the things that I've wanted to learn how to do for a long time is play the ukulele.

158

Has anybody seen Jake Shimabukuro's TED Talk where he plays the ukulele and makes it sound like he's like an ukulele god.

159

Oh, God, it's amazing.

160

I saw this, and I was like, that is so cool.

161

It's such a neat instrument.

162

I would really like to learn how to play.

163

And so I decided that to test this theory, I wanted to put 20 hours into practicing the ukulele and see where we got.

164

And so the first thing about playing the ukulele is in order to practice, you have to have one, right?

165

So I got an ukulele, And my lovely assistant.

166

Thank you, sir.

167

I think I need the cord here.

168

It's not just an ukulele, it's an electric ukulele.

169

Yeah!

170

So, the first couple hours are just like the first couple hours of anything.

171

You have to get the tools that you're using to practice you have to make sure that they're available.

172

My ukulele didn't come with strings attached.

173

I had to figure out how to put those on.

174

Like, that's kind of important, right?

175

And learning how to tune and learning how to make sure

176

that all of the things that need to be done in order to start practicing get done, right?

177

Now, one of the things

178

when I was ready to actually start practicing was I looked in online databases and song books for how to play songs.

179

And they say, okay, ukuleles, you can play more one string at a time so you can play chords, that's cool, you're accompanying yourself, yay you.

180

And when I started looking at songs, I had an ukulele chord book that had like hundreds of chords,

181

looking at the same, whoa, that's intimidating.

182

But when you look at the actual songs, you see the same chords over and over, right?

183

As it turns out, playing the ukulele is kind of like doing anything.

184

There's a very small set of things that are really important and techniques that you'll use all the time.

185

And so in most songs, you'll use four, maybe five chords, and that's it.

186

That's the song.

187

You don't have to know the hundreds as long as you know the four or the five.

188

So while I was doing my research,

189

I found a wonderful little medley of pop songs by a band called Axis of Awesome. And somebody knows it.

190

And what Axis of Awesome says is that you can learn

191

or you can play pretty much any pop pop song of the past five decades if you know four chords.

192

And those chords are G, D, E minor, C.

193

Four chords pump out every pop song ever, right?

194

So I thought this is cool.

195

I would like to play every pop song ever.

196

So that was the first song I decided to learn, and I would like to actually share it with you.

197

Ready?

198

Alright.

199

Just a small town girl, living in a lonely world.

200

She took the midnight train going anywhere.

201

I heard that you settled down, that you found a girl, that you're married now.

202

Every night in my dreams I see you, I feel you, that is how I know we'll go on.

203

I won't hesitate no more, no more, it cannot wait, I'm yours Cause you were amazing,

204

we did amazing things If I could,

205

then I would, I'd go wherever you will And can you feel the love tonight?

206

I really live with or without you When I find myself,

207

find myself in times of trouble Mother Mary comes to me Sometimes I feel like I don't have a partner No woman,

208

no cry, I'm on with the sholey is a dream I come from London under

209

Once a jolly swag man camped by a billabong Hey, I just met you and this is crazy But here's my number,

210

so call me Hey, sexy lady Whoop, whoop, whoop, whoop, whoop them, Gangnam Style!

211

Time to say goodbye!

212

Closing time!

213

Every new beginning comes from some other beginning's end.

214

Thank you.

215

I love that song.

216

And I have a secret to share with you.

217

So by playing that song for you, I just hit my 20th hour of practicing the ukulele.

218

Thank you.

219

And so it's amazing, pretty much anything that you can think of.

220

What do you want to do?

221

The major barrier to learning something new is not intellectual.

222

It's not the process of you learning a bunch of little tips or tricks or things.

223

The major barrier is emotional.

224

We're scared.

225

Something stupid doesn't feel good.

226

In the beginning of learning anything new, you feel really stupid.

227

So the major barrier is not intellectual, it's emotional.

228

But put 20 hours into anything.

229

It doesn't matter.

230

What do you want to learn?

231

Do you want to learn language?

232

Do you want to learn how to cook?

233

Do you want to learn how to draw?

234

What turns you on?

235

What lights you up?

236

Go out and do that thing.

237

It only takes 20 hours. Have fun.

Cos'è la tecnica dello Shadowing?

Shadowing è una tecnica di apprendimento delle lingue supportata da studi scientifici, originariamente sviluppata per la formazione dei traduttori professionisti e resa popolare dal poliglotta Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Il metodo è semplice ma potente: ascolti un audio in inglese di madrelingua e lo ripeti immediatamente ad alta voce — come un'ombra che segue il parlante con un ritardo di solo 1–2 secondi. A differenza dell'ascolto passivo o degli esercizi di grammatica, lo shadowing costringe il tuo cervello e i muscoli della bocca a elaborare e riprodurre simultaneamente i modelli di discorso reale. La ricerca dimostra che migliora significativamente la precisione della pronuncia, l'intonazione, il ritmo, il discorso connesso, la comprensione dell'ascolto e la fluidità del parlato — rendendolo uno dei metodi più efficaci per la preparazione alla prova di speaking dell'IELTS e per la comunicazione reale in inglese.

Pratica di Shadowing: [TED Vietsub] Josh Kaufman - Học mọi thứ chỉ với 20 giờ - Impara a parlare inglese con i video

Informazioni su Questa Lezione

Vocabolario Chiave e Frasi

Consigli per la Pratica

Cos'è la tecnica dello Shadowing?