シャドーイング練習: Bob Bowman: The Characteristics of Champions - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ

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I wanted to start off by talking a little bit about some characteristics of champions

and what makes them so special and what makes them so inspiring.

champions have physical attributes at the top level of sports okay

but let me promise you that the wingspan or the big hands and feet or the vertical jump are

not what makes champions great because everyone at the top level has physical skill

and attributes what makes champions great it's what's up here and what's in here.

And those are the things I'd like to talk about today.

Champions have a clear plan for success and for achieving their goals.

It's not just a random occurrence where they show up at a game

or a swim meet or some other event and just get in there and the talent takes over.

They have a plan.

Champions welcome challenges as a means to learn and grow they welcome challenges

because a lot of becoming a champion is about failure you

know what we get to see here on TV is the end product of a very long process of ups

and downs and sometimes we get to see the downs on TV

but usually if the process is sound you get to see the end result of success

but that That process is a very long and difficult one for anyone.

Champions produce normal and predictable performances in very abnormal and unpredictable environments.

Talk about that a little bit later, particularly in terms of the Olympics, which I always tell my kids,

the Olympics are a series of sporting events arranged around a big media event.

Which is about what it is these days.

Champions rehearse success on a daily basis, mentally, physically, and emotionally.

They value the process of success more than any particular outcome.

I think if I had to say my coaching philosophy, that's it.

The process is more important than the outcome, because that's what is controllable, and that's what's within our ability to deal with.

The outcomes are largely dependent on what other people do.

I think Nick Saban, coach at Alabama, has a really good saying.

He says, don't look at the scoreboard, play the next play.

And that's what we try to do when we're swimming.

We don't worry about what's going to happen at the end or what place we're going to get.

We worry about how we're going to do the first turn.

Most importantly, champions have a dream because that's how this whole thing starts.

And they have a passion for pursuing that vision of success that they have that will overcome obstacles, get them through the tough times,

and carry them to some spectacular performances throughout their career.

The dream is critical because that's where it starts.

And the dream is not something incredibly specific, it's something emotional, something that gets you here.

You know, nobody's gonna get out of bed in the morning to finish their 200 freestyle in 52 -5.

It's just not exciting.

But somebody might get out of bed in the morning to be the most decorated Olympian of all time.

Sometimes he got out of bed for that.

The dream ignites the creative process.

As soon as it's in place, it's almost like a bomb goes off and all of these things are working towards it.

if you have the correct mental picture the dream establishes the forest you know

and then we start looking for the trees lets you know

where we're going what direction are we headed you know that's what the dream gives you

and it does get you out of bed on those cold mornings

because nobody can be the best ever

if they don't make the decisions the right way on a daily basis

that dream can change a little bit Michael Phelps at 12 years old came into practice one day

and we were talking about something I don't know it came up

and some of the kids are talking about swimming the Olympics Michael said I want to swim in the Olympics

i said really it's like yeah i was like well that's a good goal

but you better do a lot of butterfly if you're going to do

that so let's hop in

and get going right that's pretty far off today here's what

we're doing a little bit later of 15 his goal was to change the sport of swimming

he'd already been in the olympics

and he said i want to see swimming on espn and until him it never was but now it is.

He's on SportsCenter.

Other swimmers are on SportsCenter.

The nation has really started to care more about our sport largely

because this kid who was 12 had a dream and finally it changed one more time when he was 21 years old.

We were sitting in my office at University of Michigan with his mother

and his agent and myself and we're having a meeting two years before the Beijing Olympics

and what we were talking about was expectations and how he wanted to pursue the Olympics in terms of expectations

because you saw in 2004 in Athens he showed the world

that he could swim a big program and he might be able to do something that no one had done before

but also we knew what came with

that would be a lot of expectations a lot of pressure

a lot of responsibility on his part to live up to those expectations

so we're sitting in this meeting

and we talked about well what do you really want to do

because we can really lay it out there if you want

if you really want to go for something no one's done

before you'll get the media deals the sponsors you'll have the

media you'll be out there we can put you out there

but if we put you out there and you don't come through it's not

that much fun or we could walk it back

and say Michael's just happy to go to Beijing

and hopes he wins some medals

and won't have as many deals he won't have the pressure either and he looked up and

looked me in the eye and I've never believed anything more in my whole life than

when he said I want to be the best ever I can feel it right now and

when he said those words it was like a bomb went

off in my head about what I needed to do

because as soon as he said that and he said are you in I said I'm already there

I knew exactly where we were headed I knew what we were going to do

and I knew what kind of big mountain we were going to climb

and I was going to do everything in my power to have him prepared to do something

that no one else had ever done well the dream is all well

and good but you got to have a plan

and that's where I come in we teach our swimmers that the way to get anywhere is through goals, goal setting.

Pretty basic.

I'm sure you do that in your lives.

But we take it to a very, I would say, intense level.

Because I make the swimmers really go through a process of evaluating what is your dream goal.

We know that when we start.

And then we start working backwards to where we are.

And once we have those goals in place, we have a plan that takes us down the road.

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There are a lot of different kinds of goals.

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There are, you know, fairly long -term goals, which for us were about eight to ten years with Michael.

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He was that young I could say, this kid's going to be really good.

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I want to see if I can look at the end of his career and get him started the right way.

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There were more immediate goals every four years.

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The Olympics provides nice little benchmarks for us.

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Our whole, you know, world operates on a four -year calendar.

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And that's still fairly vague, but you can identify some themes that we're going to work on and things that we'd like you to do.

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And then finally, you get down to about one year, and we can do that really specifically.

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I can plan what I want an athlete to do every day for a whole year with some real reliability.

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Unless they screw it up, of course.

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Then we change.

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But the most important goal that they have is short -term goal, and it's not even short.

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It's what I call the immediate goal, and it's where the rubber meets the road.

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And that is, what are you going to do right now?

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I'll give you an example.

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Any of us here could list all the benefits of eating better, right?

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Eating healthy.

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Going to live longer, going to live better, going to feel better, might look better.

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Everybody would agree with that.

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Everybody could find a resource that would help them come up with a plan to do that.

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And even a time frame.

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By six months, I would like to achieve this.

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But the key decision in all of this process is going to be, what do you do when the cookie's in your hand?

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You're going to put it in your mouth, you're going to put it on the table.

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That's where progress is made.

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I'm about 50 -50 on that one, but sometimes I make it, sometimes I don't.

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But that's what we do in the goal setting process, and Michael's very good at goal setting.

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When Michael was 13, I sat down and took him through a goal setting process where he listed three events.

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He listed his times to the hundredth of a second that he'd like to swim, three things that he would have to do to achieve each goal,

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and he kept that paper on his refrigerator so he looked at it every day.

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He ate a lot so he saw it a lot, right, he was 13.

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I think that next year he gained almost 60 pounds, it's hard to believe, but he grew about a lot.

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Okay, so he's got these goals and at the end of that year, he swam the meat where the goals were supposed to be done.

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he started swimming these times and i started thinking you know i don't have

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that sheet in front of me

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but these are pretty close well in three events they were

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this close his 200 fly was 204 68 he went 204

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68 that's hard to do right in the 1500 meters

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which lasts longer the goal was 16 minutes 0 .00 he went 16 minutes 0 .8

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so he's eight tenths of a second over 16 minutes.

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And in the 400 IM, he wanted to go 431 .86 and 431 .81.

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He does that all the time.

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And to me, that means if you have a very good eye for goal setting, and you know how to specifically turn that into your training on a daily basis,

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you can predict what your performance is going to be.

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The goal setting process also lets you choose the menu of things that you're going to work on on a daily basis.

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Champions need things to work on.

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They all have things.

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A good example for this past meet was a young lady that swam with us, Allison Schmidt, who ended up actually winning five medals,

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three gold medals, after winning one bronze medal last time in Beijing.

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And I felt like for her, her big challenge was strength.

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She wasn't physically very strong.

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And that's really important in terms of swimming

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so we started working on some simple goals

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and I think one of the reasons people say how did Allison improve

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so much I say it's very simple she went from being

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able to do zero pull -ups okay to being able to do three sets of eight

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or nine that's a significant change but

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when we have a plan where we're looking for what are

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the strength gains we need what are the gains we need

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in the water what are the technical improvements we're going to make all of these things kind of come together

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and you can work on it in a comprehensive unit and that's how performances are made being the planner

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and you got to think of me as like a gps right like swimmers driving this car i'm

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that annoying thing on the dashboard okay i'm saying turn right and sometimes they turn right and things are good.

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But sometimes I'm saying, turn right, turn right, and they keep going off to the left, you know, and then all of a sudden I'm like recalibrating, recalibrate, you know how that does?

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Gets you back to your goal.

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Well, that's how these plans are.

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And I'll tell you how one time our plan came off the tracks.

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In early, actually late 2007, Michael had had the best swim meet a swimmer had ever had in the Melbourne World Championships.

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He won seven gold medals, broken, I think, six world records.

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And we were looking pretty good for Beijing.

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Because my goal for 2007 was to have him so good at that world championships,

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that he could be 20 or 30 % less and still win every event in Beijing.

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And I thought we were there.

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He had a big mental edge over the competition.

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And he had a physical edge.

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And he came back and he was training brilliantly.

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Every day, I would give him something, he would do it, he would get better.

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Every day he was getting better.

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We got to the end of the year, and we had completed a training week, and I had gone home, and it was, I'll never forget,

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I had gotten up and done a run.

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I'd gone to Whole Foods, I'd come home, and I'd chopped up all these vegetables, and I made vegetable soup.

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It was on the stove, and I'd get a call from the emergency room

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and they said Michael's broken his hand we had a bunch of ice in Ann Arbor did one of these

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all of a sudden our plan changed

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and let me tell you to this day I still can't

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eat vegetable soup I'm not kidding that's how much it affected

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me I was like oh what am I going to do

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so I got there and he was I wouldn't be exaggerating if I said he was in a panic.

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He was very upset and emotional, and he said, you know, I've just given away three gold medals.

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I don't know which one they were.

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I guess the three he thought were hardest to win.

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He wasn't going to do it now because he's going to have to deal with this.

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And this was about nine months before our trials, eight months.

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And I have to be honest, I felt the same way.

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I'm like, what are we going to do?

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And then I just started doing the only thing I could.

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Let's look at the facts.

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Let's find out what we can do.

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I went to the doctor and I said, tell me what we can do for this

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and there was a first option okay we're going to put

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him in a cast for six weeks i was like okay what's plan b

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that doesn't work for me the university of michigan doctors didn't really like

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that i said well we could do surgery and

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if we put a pin in it the only thing you

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have to wait is for 10 days for the stitches to heal

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and he can get back to normal training i said we're done next morning he was in surgery right

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so then he came back and for 10 days uh he grew to love I actually grew to hate a stationary bike.

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I grew to love it.

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But he probably will never ride another bike again, because I had him on that thing for three hours a day, right, every day for those 10 days.

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I will have to say I cheated a little bit, we put a plastic bag on it, put him in the water about seven days, but don't tell the doc, it seemed to turn out okay.

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So he could kick.

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But that's an example of this perfect plan that's rolling right along to where we want to go, and it just comes off the tracks and basically we had to say, look, how are we going to deal with this problem

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and what are we going to do and how quickly can we do it?

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And once everybody got on board, it really wasn't that bad.

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Two weeks later, he was back training.

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It wasn't perfect, but he got into it pretty well and went on to do some pretty good things after.

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We want to teach swimmers to get the best possible performance in the worst possible conditions

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because that's what these olympics are like you go to the olympics

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and you stay in the worst room

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that you've been in you don't have a nice hotel room

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you have a suite with about eight people you have to do a lot of different things

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so i do a lot of techniques like stepping on goggles

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and the like to uh you know i stepped on his goggles

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so he practiced swimming with his goggles filled up with water

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when he was little one time came back in Beijing his

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goggles filled up with water in the 200 fly we're glad we did

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that because he just counted his strokes I try to give them opportunities every day to build confidence

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and to see themselves as the person they want to be

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because visualizing success for a champion is the key thing in their repertoire I think

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that as we go through and I've done this more

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and more times I I can't really know of anything more

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valuable than them being able to see the clear picture of where they wanna go, set up the plan for how they wanna get there,

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and then on a daily basis come in and rehearse that success.

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Because that to me is what makes a champion.

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I really appreciate you sharing some time with me and look forward to hearing the other speakers.

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Thank you.

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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント

このスピーキングレッスンは、動画「Bob Bowman: The Characteristics of Champions」を教材にしています。この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が236文、単語が3065語あります。音声の長さは17:48です。話す速さは1分あたり約172語で、日常会話に近い自然なペースです。単語の88%は英語の頻出3,000語に含まれるため、語彙は分かりやすいです。

この動画の重要語彙

動画に出てくる覚えておきたい単語15語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。

単語	発音	意味
swim 動詞	/swɪm/	泳ぐ
medal 名詞	/ˈmɛdəl/	賞牌, メダル
expectation 名詞	/ˌɛk.spɛkˈteɪ.ʃən/	期待, 予想
vegetable 名詞	/ˈvɛd͡ʒ.tə.bəl/	野菜, 青物
sudden 形容詞	/ˈsʌd.ən/	突然の
pursue 動詞	/pɚˈsu/	追跡する
soup 名詞	/sup/	汁, スープ
attribute 名詞	/ˈæt.ɹɪˌbjut/	性質
technique 名詞	/tɛkˈniːk/	技術
passion 名詞	/ˈpæʃən/	激情
skill 名詞	/skɪl/	腕, 技
sheet 名詞	/ʃit/	枚, シート
intense 形容詞	/ɪnˈtɛns/	激しい
resource 名詞	/ɹɪˈzɔːs/	資源, 資産
comprehensive 形容詞	/ˌkɑm.pɹəˈhɛn.sɪv/	包括的な

動画に出てくる句動詞

単語	発音	意味
come back 動詞		戻る, 帰る
come up 動詞		上がる, 登る
find out 動詞		見出す, 調べる
get up 動詞		起きる
look forward to 動詞		楽しみにする
look up 動詞	/ˌlʊk ˈʌp/	見上げる
sit down 動詞		座る, 腰掛ける
take over 動詞		引き受ける

繰り返し練習したい文

動画に出てくる短く完結した文です。日常会話でそのまま使えます。

I'm sure you do that in your lives.
I'll give you an example.
I don't know which one they were.
I'm like, what are we going to do?
Let's look at the facts.

この動画の文法

話し手がよく使っている文型を、動画の実際の表現とともに紹介します。

文型	動画での表現
現在完了形 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去の出来事が今も関係している	has really started · I've never believed · I've just given
受動態 be + 過去分詞 — 誰がするかより、何が起きるかに焦点を当てる	were headed · is made · be done

注意したい発音

話し手はwe're, don't, I'mなど、短縮形や弱形を68回使っています。聞こえたとおりの短い形で発音しましょう。

「th」の音: athlete /ˈæθ.liːt/, tenth /tɛnθ/, hundredth /ˈhʌndɹə(d)θ/
「sh」と「zh」の音: expectation /ˌɛk.spɛkˈteɪ.ʃən/, establish /ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ/, passion /ˈpæʃən/, sheet /ʃit/, emotionally /ɪˈməʊʃənəli/
長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: expectation /ˌɛk.spɛkˈteɪ.ʃən/, incredibly /ɪŋˈkɹɛdɪbli/, comprehensive /ˌkɑm.pɹəˈhɛn.sɪv/, importantly /ɪmˈpɔɹ.tənt.li/, spectacular /spɛkˈtæk.jə.lɚ/

日本語話者が苦手な音：

/r/ と /l/ の区別 — /l/ は舌先を歯茎につけ、/r/ はどこにもつけない: incredibly /ɪŋˈkɹɛdɪbli/, importantly /ɪmˈpɔɹ.tənt.li/, butterfly /ˈbʌ.tə(ɹ).flaɪ/, freestyle /ˈfɹiːˌstaɪl/, predictable /pɹəˈdɪktəbləl/
/v/ — /b/ にならないように、上の歯を下唇に当てる: vegetable /ˈvɛd͡ʒ.tə.bəl/, comprehensive /ˌkɑm.pɹəˈhɛn.sɪv/, overcome /ˌəʊ.vəˈkʌm/, vertical /ˈvɝ.tɪ.kəl/, evaluate /ɪˈvaljʊeɪt/
/f/ — 「フ」ではなく、上の歯と下唇で出す: physically /ˈfɪz.ɪ.kli/, butterfly /ˈbʌ.tə(ɹ).flaɪ/, freestyle /ˈfɹiːˌstaɪl/, refrigerator /ɹɪˈfɹɪd͡ʒ.əˌɹeɪ.tɚ/

この動画での練習方法

まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
まず0.75倍速で一文ずつシャドーイングし、慣れてきたら通常の速度に戻します。
自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。swim, medal, expectationなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。

シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由

シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。

シャドーイングのやり方: ステップ別の完全ガイドを読む →

シャドーイング練習: Bob Bowman: The Characteristics of Champions - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ

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