シャドーイング練習: ENGLISH VOCABULARY - Family Vocabulary! This Vocabulary Builder teaches you all about family - YouTubeで英語スピーキングを学ぶ
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Time to learn some vocabulary.
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Time to learn some vocabulary.
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Family relationships in American English.
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We'll also go over a couple of idioms related to family relationships.
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On a recent family vacation,
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I pulled my family aside and made them go on camera for you.
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So you're going to get to see not only my family,
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but you're going to learn the words we use when describing our relationships.
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And we're really going to focus on pronunciation.
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For example, you should not be pronouncing every sound in this word.
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And this word has two pronunciations.
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I'll put the phonetics up with each word,
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and I really encourage you to practice out loud with this one.
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Listen to how it's pronounced in real life,
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and then practice it with me.
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Let's get started.
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This is my son, Nick.
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This is my dad, Steve.
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Son and dad.
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When you have a child,
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it is a son or daughter.
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Sun is pronounced with the very relaxed UH as in butter vowel.
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Suh, sun, and it sounds just like this word sun as in the sun in the sky.
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There's absolutely no difference in pronunciation.
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Sun.
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Sun.
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Say that with me.
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Sun.
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Let's watch that again.
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This is my son, Nick.
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This is my dad, Steve.
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Dad.
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This is casual but the most common way to say father.
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There's been only a few times in my whole life
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that I've heard someone use the word father outside of something official like filling out a form.
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Dad is just what we use.
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Dad has the AA vowel.
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Jaw drop, tongue lifted in the back, da-ah.
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Dad.
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Say that with me.
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Dad.
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Dad.
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A quick note about father.
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We can also use this idiomatically.
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In this case, it doesn't mean the actual biological father of someone,
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but we can use it to mean a man who has innovated or founded something.
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For example, in philosophy, Petrarch is considered to be the father of humanism.
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His writing and his ideas form the foundation of humanism.
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Henry Ford was the father of the American auto industry.
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Okay, let's keep going.
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This is our mom.
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We're sisters.
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These are my daughters.
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Mom.
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Just like dad, it's more casual but also more common than mother.
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The letter O here makes the ah as in father sound.
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Mom.
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Say that with me.
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Mom.
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Mom.
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This is our mom.
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We're sisters.
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These are my daughters.
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Sisters.
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What a wonderful thing to have a sister.
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I don't have one, but I hear they're great.
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Two syllables stress on the first syllable.
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The R can sometimes mess people up, keep it simple.
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It's unstressed.
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Er, er, er.
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Sister.
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Say that with me.
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Sister.
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Sister.
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Sisters.
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Sisters.
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We're sisters.
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These are my daughters.
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Daughter.
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A-U-G-H.
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Four letters making just one sound.
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The AW as in LAW sound, DAW.
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Daughter.
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The T is a flap T.
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We make a T a flap T when it comes between two vowels.
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H is a consonant, but remember,
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these rules don't apply to letters, just sounds.
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So it does come between two vowel sounds.
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For the flap, the tongue just bounces once against the roof of the mouth, rararar.
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So there's no real tt-t sound in it.
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Daughter.
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Daughter.
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In fact, most Americans would probably describe this flap as a D sound.
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Daughter.
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Just like sister, it ends in the schwa R sound, simple and fast.
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Frr, frr, frr.
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Daughter.
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Daughters.
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These are my daughters.
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We're husband and wife.
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This is my husband, Steve.
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So we have husband and wife.
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They're married.
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Husband.
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Two syllables stress on the first syllable.
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The second syllable has this letter A,
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but really it's almost like there's no vowel in it.
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Bint, bint, bint.
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Husband.
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Notice the S here should be pronounced as a Z sound.
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Hus, hus, husband.
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We're husband and wife.
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This is my husband, Steve.
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Wife.
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One syllable.
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Wife.
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Lips go in to form a really rounded shape,
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ww-w-w-y, then jaw drop, they relax, w-w-w-w-f.
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Then the bottom lip comes up and touches the bottom of the top front teeth.
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Wife.
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Wife.
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We're husband and wife.
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They're married.
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Mary.
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This can sound just like this word,
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marry, or this word, marry.
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Married.
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Married.
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Now don't forget grandparents.
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This is my grandma.
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Grandma.
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The most common pronunciation of this has two dropped sounds.
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You can drop the N and the D.
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Grandma.
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Grandma.
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So the vowel here is a little tricky.
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The AA vowel followed by M.
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Gra-uh.
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You want to relax it.
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Eh, uh.
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Get an uh in there.
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Grandma.
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Gra-uh.
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Gra-uh.
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Grandma.
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Grandma.
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This is my grandma.
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This is my father-in-law, Glenn,
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and he's my son Stoney's grandpa,
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and he happens to be an awesome grandpa because this is what an awesome grandpa looks like.
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Now there I said, grandpa.
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Just like grandma, drop the D.
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But you do need to keep the N sound,
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Or some people definitely do change that into an M.
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Grrampah or Grrampah.
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The M is probably the more common pronunciation.
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Gram, Grandpa.
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So the tongue doesn't go to the roof of the mouth like it does for the N.
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The lips just close in anticipation for the P.
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Grrampah, Grandpa.
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And again, just like grandma,
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get an uh in there.
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Gra-a-a-a-a-am.
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Grandpa.
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Grandpa.
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Say that with me.
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Grandpa.
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This is my father-in-law, Glenn,
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and he's my son Stoney's grandpa,
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and he happens to be an awesome grandpa,
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because this is what an awesome grandpa looks like.
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Glenn is my father-in-law, but first,
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your grandma and grandpa together are grandparents.
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Grandparents.
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You can drop the D and make either an N or an M.
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Grandparents.
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Grandparents.
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Say that with me.
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Grandparents.
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This is my father-in-law, Glenn.
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Father-in-law.
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The in-law.
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Part happens when you get married.
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He's not my dad, he's my husband's dad.
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So he's my father-in-law.
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Remember how I said we almost never use the word father in conversational English?
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That's true.
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But with the in-law, we always use it.
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We don't say dad-in-law.
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So in an in-law phrase,
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it's never the in-law that's stressed.
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That's always unstressed.
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It's the other word that's stressed.
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Father-in-law, fa, father-in-law, mother-in-law, sister-in-law, brother-in-law.
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The one exception is if you just say in-laws.
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You don't put father, mother,
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sister, or brother in front.
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When you say in-laws, you stress the first word in.
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And in this case, it means your spouse's parents.
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In-laws.
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My in-laws are coming next weekend.
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Say that with me.
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In-laws.
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Father-in-law.
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Mother-in-law.
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Sister-in-law.
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Brother-in-law.
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Now just a bit ago,
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I mentioned the word spouse.
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One syllable word, this is the person that you're married to.
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Practice that with me.
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Spouse.
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Spouse.
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This is my mother-in-law, Annabelle.
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Mother-in-law.
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Stress on muh.
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Mother-in-law.
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This is my mother-in-law, Annabelle.
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This is my oldest sister, Audrey.
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Now here, David said oldest sister.
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He has three sisters.
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They're all older than him,
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and Audrey is the oldest.
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He could have also just said older sister.
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Older, oldest, younger, youngest.
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A couple of things to note about these pronunciations.
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Oldest sister.
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Oldest sister.
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David dropped the T in oldest.
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He just pronounced it oldest sister,
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connecting with an S sound.
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Listen again.
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My oldest sister, my oldest sister, my oldest sister.
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We often drop the T between two other consonants.
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The same would also be true for oldest brother.
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We could just drop the T there because it's between two consonants.
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Oldest brother.
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These are very natural and common pronunciations of these phrases.
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The same would be true in youngest sister and youngest brother.
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You can drop the T there.
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Youngest sister, youngest brother.
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One thing I think is interesting about the word young.
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The word on its own is pronounced with an NG ending.
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Young, mmm, no G sound.
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But when you add ER or EST,
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younger, youngest, gg, gg, We do say the G.
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Younger.
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G-g-g.
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Youngest.
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Youngest.
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G-g-g.
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What about brother?
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This is my brother Ian.
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Two syllables stress on the first syllable.
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Brother.
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Brother.
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Same ending as sister.
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Mother.
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Father.
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All of these THE are endings.
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These are tricky.
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This one has a voiced TH right in the middle,
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and I know that can be a challenging sound.
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It's just the very tip that comes through.
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Th-th-th- Light.
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Don't hold the air anywhere.
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Th-th-th- Brother-ther Mother-ther Brother.
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Mother.
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This is my brother Ian.
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I'm Stoney's uncle because I'm married to David's sister.
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Okay, maybe it would be useful now to look at a family tree.
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Leon is Stoney's uncle because Leon married Audrey,
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who is the daughter of Glenn and Annabelle,
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and David is the son of Glenn and Annabelle,
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and Stoney is the son of David.
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Therefore, Leon is Stoney's uncle.
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Uncle.
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We have the letter N,
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but it's actually the NG sound because it's followed by K.
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Unnnnnnnnnn.
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Uncle.
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NG sound.
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Uncle.
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A quick dark L at the end.
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Uncle.
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Oh, oh, oh.
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You don't need to lift your tongue tip,
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just make the sound with the back of the tongue.
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Oh, oh, oh.
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Very short.
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Uncle.
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Uncle.
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The word uncle can be used idiomatically to mean I give up.
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For example, if I was wrestling you and I had you pinned to the ground,
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you might say uncle, which is I give up,
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you won, get off of me.
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Uncle.
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I'm Stoney's uncle as well.
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And what's your relationship to each other?
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We're brother-in-laws.
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Steve is Stoney's uncle, because Steve married Lisa,
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who is the daughter of Glenn and Annabelle,
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and David is also a child of Glenn and Annabelle.
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Steve is Stoney's uncle.
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Steve and Leon are brothers-in-law.
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They're in the same line here,
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but they are not biological siblings.
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And what's your relationship to each other?
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We're brother-in-laws.
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This is our aunt.
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Don't I have a great family?
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Aw, that was a bunch of kids from this level.
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Anyone from this level referring to a female on this level is going to call that person an aunt,
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unless, of course, it's the mother.
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So I'm over here, and those kids were all from here.
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So I'm their aunt.
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You may have noticed they used the pronunciation ant and I used the pronunciation aunt.
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Aunt is more common and it's pronounced just like this word,
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aunt, even though the spelling is different.
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Aunt or aunt.
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Practice these with me.
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Aunt.
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Aunt.
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This is our aunt!
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Don't I have a great family?
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We are cousins.
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Cousins.
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So anyone who is the child of your aunt or uncle is a cousin.
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So everyone in this level relates to each other as cousins.
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Not up and down, but side to side.
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Up and down is called siblings,
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and we'll get to that in a minute.
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Cousins.
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Just like husband, the letter S is the Z sound here.
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Cous-s-s.
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Cousin.
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Practice that with me.
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Cousin.
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Cousin.
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We are cousins!
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This is my nephew, Jacob.
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He's my husband's sister's son.
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Nephew.
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Two syllables stressed on the first syllable.
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PH makes the F sound just like in the word phone or pharmacy.
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Say it with me.
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Nephew.
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Nephew.
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This is my nephew Jacob.
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He's my husband's sister's son.
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These are my nieces.
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Is.
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Niece.
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One syllable, E vowel, ending S sound.
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In the plural, nieces.
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The S adds not just a sound, but a second syllable.
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Nieces.
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Is, is, is, is.
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Words that end in the S sound get an extra syllable in plural.
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To see all of the plural noun rules, check out this video.
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And I'll put a link to it in the description as well.
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Practice these with me.
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Niece.
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Nieces.
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These are my nieces.
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We are siblings.
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People who have the same parents or even one same parent are siblings.
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Audrey, Lisa, Christina, and David all have the same parents.
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They are siblings.
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This set would also be siblings.
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This set would be siblings,
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and this set would be siblings.
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Poor Stoney has no siblings.
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Sibling.
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This is a two-syllable word with stress on the first syllable.
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Sibling.
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The B releases right into the L.
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Bl, bl, bl.
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Sib-l, sibl, sibling.
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Sibling.
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We are siblings.
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This is my grandson, Jacob, and my granddaughter, Emily.
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Grandson and granddaughter.
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For grandson, drop that D.
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Gran, grandson, grandson.
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Try that with me.
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Grandson.
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For granddaughter, well, we need it because it's part of the word daughter.
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Granddaughter.
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Granddaughter.
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Stress is on the first syllable.
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Try that with me.
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Granddaughter.
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Grandson.
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Granddaughter.
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This is my grandson, Jacob, and my granddaughter, Emily.
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This is my boyfriend.
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This is my girlfriend.
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How cute are they?
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When you're dating someone, you can call them your boyfriend or girlfriend.
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Both two-syllable words with stress on the first syllable.
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Try them with me.
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Boyfriend.
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Girlfriend.
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Boyfriend.
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Girlfriend.
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This is my boyfriend.
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This is my girlfriend.
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A couple more terms.
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If someone's sperm or egg makes a baby,
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that is their biological child.
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Biological.
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Someone can also adopt a child that's not biologically theirs.
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If someone has children alone or with one partner,
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and then gets married to someone else later,
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that person's children are now the stepchildren of the new partner.
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And that new partner is a stepmom or stepdad.
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Notice in these compound words,
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the word step is stressed.
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Notice also we do not release the P.
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Stepmom.
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Stepmom.
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The lips close for the P,
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but then just keep going with the next sound.
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Step-mom.
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Step-mom.
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Step-dad.
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Step-daughter.
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Step-son.
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Step-brother.
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Step-sister.
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A companion podcast will be released tomorrow that goes over more about family relationships and some more family idioms.
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This is the Learn English podcast with me.
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Click here to get it,
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or go to iTunes or Stitcher and search Rachel's English.
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Link's also in the description below.
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Check it out, I think you're going to love it.
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If you want to see my absolute latest video, click here.
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If you're new, click here for a Where to Start playlist.
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Click here to subscribe.
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I make new videos on American English every Tuesday.
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To be sure we can keep in touch,
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click here to sign up for my newsletter.
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You'll get free English lessons sent to your inbox every week.
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このレッスンについて
このレッスンでは、アメリカ英語における家族の関係を学びます。ビデオでは、家族の言葉や関連するイディオムを紹介し、発音に特に焦点を当てていきます。ナレーターの家族を通して、実際に使われる言葉を耳にしながら、発音を練習することができます。このレッスンは、家族の単語とそれに関連する言い回しを習得し、より自然な英会話ができるようになるための良い機会です。
キー語彙とフレーズ
- son（息子） - 子供の中で男の子を指します。
- dad（お父さん） - 「父」という言葉のカジュアルな表現です。
- daughter（娘） - 子供の中で女の子を指します。
- father（父） - より形式的かつ公式に使用される単語です。
- family（家族） - 血縁のつながりを持つ人々の集まりを指します。
- idiom（イディオム） - 言葉の組み合わせが特定の意味を持つ表現です。
- relationship（関係） - 人々のつながりや関係性を示します。
練習のヒント
このビデオのスピードとトーンに合わせて、効果的に英語スピーキング練習を行うためのポイントをいくつか紹介します。シャドーイングは、ナレーターの発音やリズムを真似ることでスピーキングスキルを向上させる優れた方法です。以下の手順に従って、shadowspeakを実践してみましょう：
- 反復練習: ビデオを再生して、一文ずつ停止し、発音を確認しながら声に出してみましょう。
- 発音に注意: 特に「son」と「sun」「dad」と「father」のように、音の違いに気をつけてください。
- リズムを感じる: ナレーターのトーンや間の取り方を感じ取り、そのリズムを自分のものにします。
- 発声練習: 何度も声に出して発音することで、記憶に定着させましょう。子供のように自然に発音することがポイントです。
これらの方法を使って、英語シャドーイングの練習を楽しんでください。家族に関する語彙をマスターすることで、日常会話でより自信を持ってスピーキングができるようになります。
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。