シャドーイング練習: How 5 Polyglots Broke Language Learning - YouTubeで英語スピーキングを学ぶ
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These five polyglots crack the secret to fast language learning,
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These five polyglots crack the secret to fast language learning,
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and we're going to steal their techniques for ourselves.
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Polyglots are famous for knowing many languages and learning them fast.
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They're the evidence that mastering 10,
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20, or even 50 languages is possible.
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And the good thing is,
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you can do this too.
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So what do the best language learners know that we don't?
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And what are they doing differently than the rest of us to learn languages so fast?
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And some of their genius techniques are surprisingly easy to copy.
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And it all starts with this first legendary polyglot,
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Giuseppe Casper Mezzofanti, an Italian legend who was able to speak at least 30 languages fluently.
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And the trick he used to learn them might just be pure genius.
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Giuseppe was born in Bologna, Italy in 1774.
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He was not only a cardinal for the Roman Catholic Church,
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but also a linguist.
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And his passion for languages started when he was just a little boy.
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Being raised in a very humble family,
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he demonstrated great memory skills,
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a musical ear,
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and an extraordinary ability to learn foreign languages people from all
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over the world would eventually travel to talk to him while he stayed in Italy.
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And it's even said that after passing away,
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people sought out his skull to learn the secrets of his abilities.
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But what was his trick to learning so many languages?
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Well, before becoming a Cardinal,
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Mesophanti spent most of his time as an interpreter of the dying
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and the wounded in the Austrian and French wars of the late 1700s.
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He clearly had a devotion to his calling,
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so when he started attending to soldiers who spoke Slavonic,
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Czechish, Romanić, and Polish amongst other languages,
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he realized he couldn't give them all the attention they needed either physically or spiritually because of the language barrier.
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So he took it upon himself to turn that into fuel to learn their languages.
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In one case, it's even said
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that he learned enough of a new language overnight to be
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able to confess two criminals who are going to be executed the following day.
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So how would he learn?
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His trick was to ask a native speaker to recite the Lord's Prayer in the target language.
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Mesophanti would then use that to deconstruct the basic structures and rhythm of the language.
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You see, Mesophanti knew the Lord's Prayer really well,
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so hearing it in another language,
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let him decode the basic rules of that language very quickly.
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American Polyglot Tim Ferriss would later build something very close to Mesophanti's method centuries later
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and call it the 12 Golden Sentences technique.
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He says
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that we only need to translate these 12 sentences to the language we we want to learn to grasp the basics.
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The apple is red.
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This is John's apple.
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I give John the apple.
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We give him the apple.
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And so on.
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Each of these sentences will teach you different structures in the target language,
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and you'll quickly pick apart the big differences and similarities between the language you know and the one you're learning.
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You can then quickly master the familiar patterns and focus on the ones that are different to speed ramp your language learning.
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Now, if you're smart, you'll combine that with this next trick from the legendary polyglot,
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Kato Lom, a Hungarian interpreter who spoke about 16 languages and understood almost 30 by using her own unique language formula.
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Lom was born in Peks,
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Hungary in 1909, and apart from being a translator,
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she's considered to be one of the first simultaneous interpreters in the world.
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This means that unlike most translators,
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Lom could translate almost instantaneously in real time without the speaker having to take a pause.
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Are you able to afford an attorney?
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Can you pay your lawyer?
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No. No. But if we look back,
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Kato actually didn't do well in foreign languages during her school years.
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And in fact, she grew up speaking only one language.
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But like many other countries in the 1930s,
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Hungary was in a deep economic depression.
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So Cato knew she needed to find a good job and took to learning and teaching French and English to do so.
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And that's how it all began.
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Several years later, she would invent one of the most popular language formulas.
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Cato thought that learning a language was like a math equation.
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Invested time multiplied by motivation divided by inhibition equals the best results.
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For invested time, she meant time spent studying the language.
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And Kato didn't think much time was needed.
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Just 10 minutes per day would do for a good start.
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But the way you spend that time is critically important.
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For Kato, the three best things to do are the three autos method.
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Autolexia, autografia, and autologia.
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Autolexia means to read for oneself.
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And Kato did this by finding something interesting to read like a crime short story or a romance novel.
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Autographia means writing for oneself.
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And she used this by writing about her daily thoughts and routines.
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And Autologia means to speak to oneself.
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And Kato would often encourage speaking to herself casually about her daily life as language practice.
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But Kato thought that motivation was the key driving force behind her learning.
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So before starting a new language,
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she would ask herself, How much am I interested in this language?
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What do I want to do with it?
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And what good is it for me?
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And these answers would keep her from deviating from her goals as things got tough.
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So where does inhibition come into play?
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Well, Kato almost lost her will to learn languages at one point.
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In her first translation job for a local pharmaceutical lab, she failed miserably.
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Even getting a note that whoever had made the translation was very brave.
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But Kato fought back and used this failure as a trigger to learn even more.
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She understood that the more she could put her errors aside,
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the sooner she would learn the language.
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So Kato put a strong emphasis on taking motivated time to study with techniques you enjoy and without fear of making mistakes.
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This is something the next polyglot also does,
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but he adds an extra layer to it.
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His name is Kenneth Hale,
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and he's an American professor who spoke about 50 languages.
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But that's not even the most impressive thing about him.
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Hale could learn the basics of a language and start speaking it with just 15 minutes of listening to a native speaker.
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But how is that possible?
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Well, it's important to know how he started his language journey.
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Well, it's the famous Bike Party and Magic Stunts book,
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the world's biggest candy value, only a nickel.
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Hale was born in Illinois in the U.S in 1934,
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and in his teenage years,
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he was thrown out of school for being so distracted learning languages.
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But he used this to his advantage,
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later teaching at the prestigious MIT,
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where he became a champion for endangered languages.
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The voice for the voiceless, as he was called.
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He displayed a great talent for acquiring languages fast,
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and his secret was listening plus a silent period.
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One of Hale's anthropology students at MIT,
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Joe Campbell, breaks it down for us.
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He had gone to Tepoztlan in Mexico with his teacher to examine the local Spanish for traces of the Nahuatl language.
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And Campbell noticed that his teacher kept repeating the same strategy.
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He would listen intently to the native speakers without speaking for some time.
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And then all of a sudden,
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he'd switch and start speaking and it would seem like he had made leaps really quickly.
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This is what American linguist Stephen Krashen calls the Comprehensible Input Hypothesis.
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He says that we only acquire languages by listening,
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not speaking, and that we subconsciously learn to use the language by receiving information which is slightly above our proficiency level.
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So we should listen to input that we can mostly understand,
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but where there are some unfamiliar words and structures.
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And we only have to listen until we feel ready to speak,
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and then we can jump in to start expressing.
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Krashen says the process of learning a new language is very similar to how we did it when we were toddlers.
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We just listened first and then probably went through what's called a silent period.
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This is a time where a language learner has started absorbing the comprehensible input,
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but hasn't yet developed the ability to create original statements.
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They can only repeat what other people say.
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So pushing language learners to talk when they're not ready yet might not be very effective.
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But this doesn't mean you shouldn't speak at all.
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Prashen says that practicing sounds,
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words, and phrases out loud is completely fine
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because repeating what we're learning trains our vocal muscles and improves our pronunciation while not burdening us with generating original content.
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And that's exactly what Hale did.
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Hale would listen at first,
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then he would take the time to process,
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and then he would finally start to speak.
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Hale's method of listening for a time before speaking is great,
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but when we're ready to speak,
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this next method from Powell Janulus will take us to the next level.
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Powell Janulus is a Canadian translator who's said to have held the Guinness World Record for speaking 42 languages in 1985.
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And he did it by developing what may be one of the most unique language methods yet.
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Janulus was born in Vancouver,
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Canada in 1939 and as a child he was exposed to many Slavic languages since his parents were polyglots themselves.
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He's believed to have mastered 13 languages by the age of 18 all by himself using his own technique.
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So what's his method for language learning?
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It all starts with thinking like Janulus does when learning a language.
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His first rule is to put on a silly hat that'll make people laugh.
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Why?
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Janulus believes that to successfully learn a language we need to love making mistakes.
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And for that, wearing a silly hat lets us be carefree and relaxed.
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After relaxing, Janulus would dive into his method.
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Canadian doctor and accelerated learning expert Marilyn Atkinson spent seven years analyzing the language techniques of Janulus in 2020,
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and she wrote a book called Velocity Instant Fluency to describe them.
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Amongst many methods Janulus used,
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there are two that he relies on the most, intoning and enchanting.
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Have you ever noticed that a singing voice has little to no accent?
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Many times when we sing in another language,
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we suddenly lose our strong accent.
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Well, this is what intoning is based on.
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Atkinson says that we should select 20 to 30 words that we want to learn,
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assign rhythms to each, and repeat them three times, almost like chanting.
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By the third time, the mouth,
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ears, brain, and body will begin to synchronize,
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and you'll more easily remember the words.
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This might seem a bit crazy,
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but it does actually make sense when you think about songs being easily remembered because the lyrics are repeated rhythmically throughout.
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Atkinson claims that intoning once a day for a month is enough to change the trajectory of a language learner's journey.
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And this is somewhat backed by science.
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A study carried out by Dr. Ludke in the journal Memory
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and Cognition shows us that melodies and rhythm can help us in learning and remembering new phrases in another language.
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In the study, 60 adults were split into groups to learn Hungarian either by speaking,
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rhythmic speaking, or singing.
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And the best performing group was the one that was singing.
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The reason singing helps with language learning is that music and language share the same neural pathways in our brains.
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So attaching words to a rhythmic pattern improves our memory for those words.
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Powell's second key technique was enchanting.
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For that, Atkinson says that Janulus would listen to a native speaker and note what words they repeated the most.
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Then on a whiteboard, he would use those words to create what's called an n-chart.
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And this is a really interesting concept.
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is a sentence building system that looks something like this
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and we can make one of these for ourselves by starting with a simple end chart
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that helps us talk about our favorite food it could look
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something like the following for example you could say i like pasta
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or you don't like pasta
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or we love chocolate the great thing about one inch art is
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that it allows the learner to mix
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and match just 16 words to actually learn 256 different sentence combinations crazy right
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but moving more into modern day one of the biggest polyglots found a surprisingly easy trick to learn languages
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because his name is steve kaufman a canadian polyglot today who speaks about 20 languages
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and the trick steve adds is something we can immediately use
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as part of our language learning repertoire steve kaufman was born in sweden in 1945
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but moved to canada with his parents a couple of years later he was exposed to both czech
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and german as a child since his parents spoke them
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but he grew up only speaking english after school he got a job in construction
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which he quit to work on a ship that would take him to Europe.
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This is where he started picking up new languages as he was regularly hitchhiking through many countries.
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A couple of years later,
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he started working for the Canadian diplomatic service and he began learning more languages to improve on the job.
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So what can we learn from Steve?
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Well, Steve strongly believes in not using memorization to learn a language.
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Steve thinks that it's pretty ineffective to repeat the same word over and over to remember it,
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not only because this is boring,
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but also because there's a better and more enjoyable way to do it.
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Have you ever come across the word so many times that you end up learning it almost by accident?
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Well, that's what Steve tries to recreate with what he calls the vagabond technique.
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This is where we expose our brain to the language in
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different ways without trying to shovel information into our heads with repetition.
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It's more about wandering or vagabonding around the language,
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becoming aware of the words and the grammar and then encountering them
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so many times that the brain has no other option than to remember them naturally.
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For example, Steve tells us that when he was learning Persian,
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he would listen to an interesting piece of news,
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then he would read the transcript of the news,
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translate new words, and find other ways to interact with the news piece.
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By doing this, he was exposing his brain to the same language information from a few different perspectives
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and letting his brain become aware of the context.
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Steve also uses this for grammar.
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Many learners often read the explanations for grammar rules that don't yet have any impact on them.
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But Steve thinks that getting a lot of exposure to the target language will help us come across grammar rules naturally.
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And just being aware of them and encountering them over
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and over again in different situations will help move them from unknown to something we learn.
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It's a process of going from subconsciously noticing the rule to consciously using it.
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These polyglots give us valuable language techniques to become fluent
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and you'll just need a convenient conversation partner to top it all off,
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which we cover in this video right here.
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I'll see you there and hasta la próxima.
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この動画で話す練習をする理由
言語を学ぶ上で、実際に話す練習は非常に重要です。この動画では、5人の多言語話者がどのようにして短期間で言語を習得できたのか、そのテクニックを学べます。彼らの成功の秘密を理解することで、自分自身のスピーキングスキルを向上させる手助けになります。特に、彼らが利用した手法の一つ、いわゆる「シャドースピーク」は、自分の発音を改善し、英語のリズムを身につけるのに役立ちます。また、通訳者としての経験を持つ者たちの具体的な学び方を知ることで、実践的なスピーキング練習方法を見つけることができるでしょう。
文法と表現の文脈
この動画で使われるキーストラクチャーを分析してみましょう。以下のポイントに注意すると、学びが深まります。
- 現在形の使用: 「He speaks」、「You can do this too」のように、現在形は日常会話で頻繁に使用されます。自信を持ってこの形を使ってみましょう。
- 命令形: 「Ask a native speaker to recite...」のような命令形は、会話の中で相手に何かを依頼する際に非常に便利です。
- 条件文: 「If you want to learn...」という表現は、相手に条件を提示する際に役立ちます。これはIELTS スピーキング対策にも効果的です。
よくある発音の罠
この動画には発音に関するトリッキーな部分も含まれています。特に注意が必要な単語やアクセントについて説明します。
- polyglot: この単語は「ポリグロット」と発音されますが、多くの人が誤ってアクセントを感じにくいです。正しい発音を繰り返し練習しましょう。
- technique: 発音が「テクニック」と聞こえるかもしれませんが、しっかりと「ティク」と最後まで言い切ることがポイントです。
- language: 「ランゲージ」のように感じるかもしれませんが、正確な発音は「ランゲイジ」です。練習でリズムを身につけましょう。
これらの項目に注意を払い、英語の発音を良くするための練習を行いましょう。影響力のある言語学者の言葉を借りることで、より効果的な言語習得が可能です。あなたもシャドースピーキングを取り入れて、英語スピーキング練習を推進してください。
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。