シャドーイング練習: How A Nuclear War Will Start - Minute by Minute - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ

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Mr. President! Nuclear missiles will strike our country in 14 minutes.

I know it’s your first day in office so I’m going to walk you through it, but you’re the only one who can authorize our nuclear retaliation in response and you’ve only got a few minutes to make a decision!

As you know tensions have escalated rapidly in the past few days.

Today’s joint allied aerial defense exercise began just minutes before we detected the launch.

A simple misunderstanding maybe.

We assume the sudden attack is meant to neutralize as many of our nuclear forces as possible.

But that doesn’t matter now – missiles are in the air and we can’t shoot all of ‘em down.

Why? Because Intercontinental ballistic missiles are basically rockets launched into space before re-entering the atmosphere over their target and releasing many different warheads.

Higher and faster than anything you can send after them.

We need to get you to the bunker!

Here is what we know: Four minutes ago our new infrared monitoring satellites detected one hundred twelve bursts consistent with ICBM launches from the enemy’s inner territories.

For some reason only 20 of their 80 underground nuclear silos seem to have fired, so we suspect most of them were transporter-erector launchers, you know: trucks with big missiles on them.

It’s unclear why they didn’t use all their silos – they might just not work after more than thirty years or they might be keeping them in reserve. The fog of war is keeping many things unclear!

Aerospace Command thinks the ICBMs are targeting our nuclear command centers, silos, and major airforce and navy bases, ending this war before we have a chance to act!

The enemy’s strategic doctrine prioritizes military targets and our nuclear weapon systems, but their secondary targets are our industry and infrastructure – oil refineries, power stations and deep water ports. All located near or in major population centers.

We won’t know the exact casualty count for a few weeks.

Deaths from the blast and burns may be a few million today.

It’s morning rush hour and there’s not much to be done for people stuck in traffic.

People in major metro areas can’t really evacuate, but emergency broadcasts are being sent out to shelter in place and away from windows. Radiation exposure for intact population centers is highly dependent on the weather over the next week.

We might be looking at dozens of millions of deaths by the end of the month.

For the next few minutes we can still respond, but – You need to decide!

We’ve got 1500 warheads across our silos, bombers, and submarines.

The 400 in silos need to be launched now before they get taken out.

46 nuclear capable bombers on high alert can be ready to take off in 2 minutes – though we need to transmit the order now to get them out of the blast radius if you want to consider using them.

Of our 14 nuclear submarines, 5 are presently at sea.

While they’re submerged they’re undetectable, so that’s our back-up for a nuclear retaliation if we lose our silos and bombers.

We could try to use them to bomb out their remaining silo fields before they can launch them.

The sooner you commit to it, the better the chance we have of preventing a further exchange after our retaliation.

Updates! We have radar confirmation that the enemy ICBMs have completed their burn and deployed their warheads.

Our best guess is that each missile will deploy at least 6 re-entry vehicles, about 600 in total, which is the part that carries a warhead back into the atmosphere during its terminal descent onto the target – and with many more decoys on top of that, inflatable balloons meant to waste any anti-missiles.

We’re now tracking nearly 4000 potential targets.

Our anti-ballistic missiles have been launched and will begin their intercept in another minute.

We’ll do our best to protect the capital, although there really is no defense.

Wait… confirming a partial radar blackout, our systems seem to be glitchy.

The enemy must have anticipated we’d launch our interceptors and pre-detonated a few warheads at high altitude.

That ionizes the atmosphere and creates radar interference.

Our interceptors should still operate okay, they’ve had a 55% success rate in tests but never with this many decoys or with radar interference this intense. We might shoot down 50 objects, but there’s no guarantee they’re warheads. It looks like most bombs are going to get through.

This is our last chance to counterattack. We’re out of time. Our silo launch sequence takes 5 minutes. We have to transmit and confirm a launch order and the missile needs time to clear the blast radius of the incoming bomb.

This is a lot to take in, but the war plan is made, you just need to enter the launch authorization codes and push this button to transmit them!

You can’t do anything else to save more of our people.

If you don’t launch now then this war will be over before it even begins – you understand this is our one chance, right?

The effect? Enemy civilian casualties are hard to estimate, but should be similar to ours – a few million right away, perhaps a few tens of million by the end of the month.

The total fallout from their attacks and ours might trigger a nuclear winter, potentially killing billions around the world – but that might happen even if we don’t retaliate.

I’m sure you have questions but you have to give orders without expecting answers right now.

With an attack of this scale there’s no guarantee communications or assets will be intact in a few minutes.

We’re out of time, we need a decision Sir. Can we launch?

Nuclear wars aren’t regular wars. They only last minutes, and in times of crisis, small conflicts can rapidly spiral out of control. Anything from small communication lags to sensor errors to just uncertainty and the fog of war mean that no leader will ever have a complete idea of what’s happening as a crisis unfolds. When tensions are high, accidents or misunderstandings can steer leaders - even those with good intentions - to launch a nuclear attack.

Confused and with incomplete information, a single person – yes, it's really just ONE single person who decides – can literally make civilization-ending decisions killing hundreds of millions of people in the time it takes to watch a YouTube video.

This story is fiction, but the world came very close to this several times.

In 1995 Russian radar detected a submarine launched missile and their nuclear forces went on full alert, except it was actually a scientific rocket to study auroras.

In 1979, US computers reported a full scale Soviet attack with only minutes to respond – except it was a training tape being incorrectly loaded into a computer.

In 1983, the Soviet satellite alert system showed five ICBMs launched from the US.

But it was a false alarm caused by sunlight reflected on clouds.

During the Cuban Missile Crisis, a Soviet submarine with no contact to Moscow for several days concluded that nuclear war had begun and decided to launch a nuclear torpedo.

Luckily the authorization of three officers was required.

One of them, Vasily Arkhipov, opposed it. But what if he hadn’t?

Any safeguard can fail, no matter how carefully designed it might be.

And decisions are being made right now to build new weapons and missile systems that commit the world to another century of nuclear stalemate, complicated further by China's emergence as a new nuclear superpower.

Simply accepting that the existence of nuclear weapons is inevitable might mean their use is inevitable.

But the world doesn’t have to be this way. Even incremental steps, taking apart one bomb at a time, will eventually result in a world with none.

During the Cold War, the world had over 70,000 nuclear weapons – through arms reduction treaties, that number is now about 12,500.

Progress is not guaranteed, but it’s also not impossible.

Governments and militaries are not separate from their nations, they’re part of them, just like you. You have the power to make demands of your leaders and often this begins with just being aware of an issue. If you want to learn more, we've compiled a number of resources for you in the video description and our sources.

This video was supported by Open Philanthropy.

Did you know that there are countless more kurzgesagt videos that we upload on TikTok, Youtube Shorts and Instagram Reels? Byte-sized information, animated facts and inspiring thought experiments.

After all, you also need videos you can watch quickly in a bathroom break!

Our longer, more in depth videos are happening here on Youtube – Short form is a completely different challenge that we are trying to do as well as possible – check them out if you are curious!

And if you want to discuss and share your thoughts about Science with other like-minded people, why don’t you check out our Discord community with over 80,000 birbs?

We have channels where you can chat about STEM topics, participate in events and the “academic question of the week” … and we have the best emotes! After all, we want to spark your curiousity, but it’s always more fun to be curious together! See you over there!

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このレッスンについて

このレッスンでは、核戦争がどのようにして始まるのかについてのストーリーを通じて、英語のリスニングとスピーキングスキルを向上させます。高度な緊張感の中でのコミュニケーションを中心に、ネイティブスピーカーのイントネーションや発音を学ぶことができます。また、重要な表現や語彙を練習し、英語シャドーイングを通じてより流暢に話せるようになるための基盤を築きます。

重要な語彙とフレーズ

核ミサイル (nuclear missile)
発射 (launch)
指令 (order)
緊急放送 (emergency broadcast)
防衛 (defense)
誘導弾 (interceptor)
民間人の死傷者 (civilian casualties)
戦略的教義 (strategic doctrine)

練習のコツ

このビデオのスピードは速いですが、英語シャドーイングには最適です。まず、ビデオを数回視聴し、内容を把握しましょう。その後、各セクションを繰り返し聞いて、自分のスピーチと合致させながら発音とリズムを模倣します。特に、非情な状況における緊張感やトーンを意識して、感情を込めて発声することがポイントです。このようにして、shadowspeakと呼ばれる技術を利用し、自分の言葉として再現できるようになるまで練習を続けましょう。緊急時の語彙を学ぶことで、IELTSスピーキング対策にも役立ちます。

また、自分が話している間は、自信を持って強く発音することを心掛けてください。話し言葉の流暢さを高め、会話の中でスムーズに言葉をつなげるために、shadowspeaksのテクニックを活用することが重要です。言葉が頭の中でスムーズに流れるようになると、自分の意見をより明確に表現できるようになります。この練習を通じて、急な状況にも対応できる英語力を身につけてください。

この動画の文法

話し手がよく使っている文型を、動画の実際の表現とともに紹介します。

文型	動画での表現
受動態 be + 過去分詞 — 誰がするかより、何が起きるかに焦点を当てる	is meant · be done · being sent
現在完了形 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去の出来事が今も関係している	have escalated · have completed · have been launched
関係詞節 who / which + 節 — 人や物について情報を加える	one who can · total, which is · person who decides

シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由

シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。

シャドーイングのやり方: ステップ別の完全ガイドを読む →

シャドーイング練習: How A Nuclear War Will Start - Minute by Minute - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ

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سيناتور لبيت هيغسيث: أنت فاشل يا سيدي

このレッスンについて

重要な語彙とフレーズ

練習のコツ

この動画の文法

シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由