シャドーイング練習: Do we Need Nuclear Energy to Stop Climate Change? - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ
レッスンを作成中...
1
Do we need nuclear energy to stop climate change?
2
More and more voices from science, environmental activists and the press have been saying so in recent years.
3
But this comes as a shock to those who are fighting against nuclear energy and the problems that come with it.
4
So, who's right?
5
Well, it's complicated.
6
To slow rapid climate change, the world needs to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to net zero.
7
In 2018, three -quarters of global emissions were released through energy production, namely by burning fossil fuels.
8
Energy is a broad term that describes all sorts of stuff, from moving things and people around, to putting things big and small together, or heating our homes.
9
Currently, 84 % of the world's primary energy comes from fossil fuels, 33 % from oil, 27 % from coal, and 24 % from gas.
10
Around 10 % of the global oil supply is just used to burn in boilers to make our homes cozy and warm.
11
Only about 16 % of global energy is from low emission sources, almost 7 % from hydroelectric, 5 % from solar, wind,
12
bioenergy, wave, tidal and geothermal combined, and about 4 % from nuclear.
13
So we pretty much rely on coal, oil and gas to keep our civilization going, which means it's actually very hard to transition away from them.
14
To have a chance of escaping fossil fuels without throwing humanity back into the Stone Age,
15
one of the most impactful things we can do is to electrify as many sectors as possible.
16
Electricity is the stuff that appears like magic when you plug something into a socket so you can watch YouTube.
17
Every industry that can switch from burning fossil fuels to electricity needs to do so, from electric cars to electric heaters.
18
Why do we need to bet so hard on electricity?
19
Because we can produce electricity with low -emission technologies like solar, wind or nuclear.
20
So electricity is a real lever for a radical transition.
21
But there are a few problems making this transition really hard.
22
First of all, in most places in the world, electricity is still generated mostly by burning fossil fuels.
23
And not only that, in the last 20 years, the world's electricity usage increased 73 % in absolute terms.
24
While we are installing renewables at record speeds, at the same time, the amount of fossil fuel we're burning for electricity still keeps rising year by year.
25
Renewables have so far not been able to catch up with the demand for new electricity, and so despite our progress,
26
emissions from electricity are still rising worldwide worldwide.
27
The other alternative to fossil fuels is nuclear, and even though it's not renewable, its greenhouse gas emissions are tiny compared to burning stuff.
28
But in the last 20 years, nuclear has basically stagnated.
29
Countries like China, India, and South Korea built new reactors, while Germany and Japan have been actively taking their nuclear plants offline.
30
Which seems a bit weird
31
if we look at the countries with the most low -carbon electricity in the world
32
that get most of their juice mainly from two sources nuclear or hydropower.
33
Take France and Sweden.
34
In France only around 10 % comes from fossil fuels
35
while 67 % comes from nuclear and 23 % from renewables primarily hydro.
36
In Sweden almost 30 % comes from nuclear power and about 45 % from hydro.
37
So we know that nuclear energy can work at scale.
38
On the technical side, because of the lack of investment and innovation in the last few decades,
39
the majority of the world's nuclear reactors are pretty old technology that's very costly to replace.
40
In most Western countries, building nuclear reactors has become very expensive for a variety of reasons, like a loss of know -how in constructing them,
41
policy changes and increased regulatory constraints so it can take a decade or longer just to finish a power plant.
42
In contrast, countries like South Korea, China, India, and Russia are able to build new nuclear reactors comparatively quickly and at a competitive cost.
43
Still, generally in the West, the current generation of nuclear power plants are more expensive to build and maintain than most fossil fuel alternatives.
44
There are also the concerns about nuclear waste and the fear of accidents, but we cover those in other videos in more detail.
45
We have designs for nuclear reactors that solve many of their problems, namely small reactors that take less time and money to get started.
46
There are also next generation technologies that can already turn radioactive waste into new fuel,
47
but so far these have not been deployed at a scale where they can have a significant impact on the nuclear sector.
48
Considering these uncertainties, some argue that nuclear power is a dangerous relic of the past
49
and that we should just let it go and focus on renewables.
50
But while renewables undoubtedly are the future of electricity,
51
they still have their own huge challenges to overcome before they can take over the vast majority of the electricity grid.
52
The main problem is reliability and consistency.
53
It's not always windy and the sun doesn't always shine especially in the mornings and evenings when humans need the most electricity.
54
The variations between seasons don't make this issue easier.
55
To make renewables reliable
56
and not risk blackouts we need massive storage capacities where we can save energy collected
57
when the sun or wind are at their peak and release it later when we actually need it.
58
Until this is possible other sources of electricity need to provide a controllable load
59
that creates the reliability of supply that our civilization needs to run properly.
60
Eventually, we will be able to do this with renewables, but we need a lot of batteries or storage power plants.
61
Right now, we simply don't have the tech and the capacities to make this transition fast enough to replace fossil fuels.
62
But even if we could, there's another aspect we have to take into account.
63
We're not just trying to kick fossil fuels out of electricity, we're trying to replace energy with electricity.
64
If we're going to electrify sectors that currently use fossil fuels,
65
like cars or heating, we will need significantly more electricity than we're currently using everywhere around the world.
66
And if the electricity needs of the world population continue to grow as they have over the last 20 years, we'll need even more.
67
It all comes down to one thing.
68
No energy source is perfect, all have their own unique problems.
69
Both renewables and nuclear energy require time, investment and technological innovation.
70
On their own, neither is ready to remove fossil fuels from our electricity grid, although activists on both sides claim that they are.
71
In the end, the question is how we want to deal with all these challenges.
72
Should we give up nuclear immediately and at least temporarily accept higher emissions?
73
Will we try to extend the life of current nuclear reactors and shut them down afterwards while solving the shortcomings of renewables?
74
Or will we invest in new nuclear technology to get new nuclear reactor types that are cheaper and safer?
75
Or will we maybe do both?
76
Opinion part starts here.
77
Considering the risks that climate change poses for the biosphere
78
and humanity any technology
79
that has a chance of contributing to a solution should be pursued that's just good risk management and strategy
80
if preventing rapid climate change as quickly as possible is our
81
goal it might be a good idea to see nuclear
82
and renewables not as opponents but as partners we know there's no time to waste
83
so we should keep all of our low emission players on the field as things are both nuclear
84
and renewables need innovation and investment but But if we don't know yet which technology will be ready how quickly, why not just invest in both and see what happens?
85
And on the topic of current capacities, if we take nuclear energy offline right now, then that missing capacity will be replaced,
86
at least partially, by fossil fuels.
87
Even if new nuclear power plants in the West are expensive, in the long run it may be cheaper to build them
88
as long as they prevent more fossil fuel capacity being added and paying for the consequences of rapid climate change.
89
So, do we need nuclear energy?
90
Well, it really depends how hard we choose to make things for ourselves.
91
And in a world that's already having a really hard time quitting fossil fuels, why should we make things harder than necessary?
📺 同じチャンネル
C112
Your Skeleton Is Electric
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C1112
Could Humans Evolve Flight?
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C1131
Can Earth Run Out of Water?
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C130
Your Brain Peaked at Birth
University StudentsWorking Adults
C132
Why Ebola Keeps Coming Back
University StudentsWorking Adults
C1554
What If You Never Slept?
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C17
3 Reasons Why Nuclear Energy Is Terrible! 2/3
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B28
Would You Upload Your Mind?
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C11
Your Brain on Magic Mushrooms
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C164
What the Flu Does to Your Body
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C12
Is War Over? — A Paradox Explained
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C15
How ADHD Medication Works
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
The Most Complex Language in the World
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B25
Let’s Steal a New Moon
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C1758
How Stress Changes Your Brain
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C13
What Happens AFTER Nuclear War?
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C11
3 Reasons Why Nuclear Energy Is Awesome! 3/3
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B252
Can We Stop the Extinction?
University StudentsWorking Adults
B26
YOU Own the Moon. And Mars. And Venus.
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C1209
The True Cost of War
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
✨ おすすめ動画
C11
130 文
Climate Change Debate | Kriti Joshi | Opposition
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C12
249 文
The Speed of Light Isn't a Limit. It's a Converter
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C13
17 文
Why carbon? It's the backbone of life! - Suzanne Simard | UBC Earth Day
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B22
65 文
Chernobyl (2019) It's not 3 roentgen its 15000
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepCambridge Exam Prep
C16
32 文
Anti-matter & nuclear weapons: Why technology is always a double-edge sword | Don Lincoln
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B215
37 文
Climate Change: How does it really work? | ClimateScience #1
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C12
168 文
The Truth About Nuclear Energy
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B27
61 文
RE3 Unit 7A
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C11
81 文
Radioactive Waste - The Journey to Disposal
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C13
23 文
Coal, Oil & Gas Hyrdocarbons | Organic Chemistry | Chemistry | FuseSchool
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント
この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が91文、単語が1396語あります。 音声の長さは9:02です。 話す速さは1分あたり約155語で、日常会話に近い自然なペースです。 単語の84%は英語の頻出3,000語に含まれます。残りは練習の前に確認しておきましょう。
この動画の重要語彙
動画に出てくる覚えておきたい単語15語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。
| 単語 | 発音 | 意味 |
|---|---|---|
| fossil 名詞 | /ˈfɑsl̩/ | 化石 |
| renewable 形容詞 | /ɹɪˈnu.ə.bl̩/ | 再生可能な |
| reactor 名詞 | /ɹiˈæktɚ/ | 原子炉 |
| transition 名詞 | /tɹænˈzɪʃ.ən/ | 遷移, 推移 |
| rapid 形容詞 | /ˈɹæp.ɪd/ | 速い, 急な |
| innovation 名詞 | /ˌɪn.əˈveɪ.ʃən/ | イノベーション, 革新 |
| solve 動詞 | /sɒlv/ | 解決する |
| humanity 名詞 | /hjuˈmænɪti/ | 人類 |
| invest 動詞 | /ɪnˈvɛst/ | 投入する |
| grid 名詞 | /ɡɹɪd/ | 格子, グリッド |
| activist 名詞 | /ˈæk.tɪ.vɪst/ | 活動家 |
| namely 副詞 | /ˈneɪmli/ | 即ち, つまり |
| civilization 名詞 | /ˌsɪv.ɪ.laɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/ | 文明 |
| greenhouse 名詞 | /ˈɡɹːnˌ(h)aʊs/ | 温室, ハウス |
| offline 形容詞 | /ɔfˈlaɪn/ | オフライン, 停止 |
動画に出てくる句動詞
| 単語 | 意味 |
|---|---|
| give up 動詞 | 降服する |
| take over 動詞 | 引き受ける |
この動画の文法
話し手がよく使っている文型を、動画の実際の表現とともに紹介します。
| 文型 | 動画での表現 |
|---|---|
| 受動態 be + 過去分詞 — 誰がするかより、何が起きるかに焦点を当てる | were released · is still generated · have not been deployed |
| 現在完了形 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去の出来事が今も関係している | have been · has become · have not been deployed |
| 関係詞節 who / which + 節 — 人や物について情報を加える | those who are · going, which means |
注意したい発音
話し手はwe're, don't, doesn'tなど、短縮形や弱形を10回使っています。聞こえたとおりの短い形で発音しましょう。
- 「sh」と「zh」の音: emission /ɪˈmɪʃ.ən/, transition /tɹænˈzɪʃ.ən/, innovation /ˌɪn.əˈveɪ.ʃən/, civilization /ˌsɪv.ɪ.laɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/, contrast /kənˈt(ʃ)ɹæst/
- 長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: electricity /ɪˌlɛkˈtɹɪsɪti/, innovation /ˌɪn.əˈveɪ.ʃən/, humanity /hjuˈmænɪti/, civilization /ˌsɪv.ɪ.laɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/, primarily /ˈpɹaɪ.mə.ɹə.li/
この動画での練習方法
- まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
- まず0.75倍速で一文ずつシャドーイングし、慣れてきたら通常の速度に戻します。
- 自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。fossil, renewable, reactorなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。