Luyện nói tiếng Anh bằng Shadowing qua video: Do we Need Nuclear Energy to Stop Climate Change?
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Do we need nuclear energy to stop climate change?
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More and more voices from science, environmental activists and the press have been saying so in recent years.
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But this comes as a shock to those who are fighting against nuclear energy and the problems that come with it.
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So, who's right?
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Well, it's complicated.
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To slow rapid climate change, the world needs to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to net zero.
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In 2018, three -quarters of global emissions were released through energy production, namely by burning fossil fuels.
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Energy is a broad term that describes all sorts of stuff, from moving things and people around, to putting things big and small together, or heating our homes.
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Currently, 84 % of the world's primary energy comes from fossil fuels, 33 % from oil, 27 % from coal, and 24 % from gas.
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Around 10 % of the global oil supply is just used to burn in boilers to make our homes cozy and warm.
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Only about 16 % of global energy is from low emission sources, almost 7 % from hydroelectric, 5 % from solar, wind,
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bioenergy, wave, tidal and geothermal combined, and about 4 % from nuclear.
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So we pretty much rely on coal, oil and gas to keep our civilization going, which means it's actually very hard to transition away from them.
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To have a chance of escaping fossil fuels without throwing humanity back into the Stone Age,
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one of the most impactful things we can do is to electrify as many sectors as possible.
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Electricity is the stuff that appears like magic when you plug something into a socket so you can watch YouTube.
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Every industry that can switch from burning fossil fuels to electricity needs to do so, from electric cars to electric heaters.
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Why do we need to bet so hard on electricity?
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Because we can produce electricity with low -emission technologies like solar, wind or nuclear.
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So electricity is a real lever for a radical transition.
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But there are a few problems making this transition really hard.
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First of all, in most places in the world, electricity is still generated mostly by burning fossil fuels.
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And not only that, in the last 20 years, the world's electricity usage increased 73 % in absolute terms.
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While we are installing renewables at record speeds, at the same time, the amount of fossil fuel we're burning for electricity still keeps rising year by year.
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Renewables have so far not been able to catch up with the demand for new electricity, and so despite our progress,
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emissions from electricity are still rising worldwide worldwide.
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The other alternative to fossil fuels is nuclear, and even though it's not renewable, its greenhouse gas emissions are tiny compared to burning stuff.
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But in the last 20 years, nuclear has basically stagnated.
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Countries like China, India, and South Korea built new reactors, while Germany and Japan have been actively taking their nuclear plants offline.
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Which seems a bit weird
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if we look at the countries with the most low -carbon electricity in the world
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that get most of their juice mainly from two sources nuclear or hydropower.
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Take France and Sweden.
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In France only around 10 % comes from fossil fuels
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while 67 % comes from nuclear and 23 % from renewables primarily hydro.
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In Sweden almost 30 % comes from nuclear power and about 45 % from hydro.
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So we know that nuclear energy can work at scale.
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On the technical side, because of the lack of investment and innovation in the last few decades,
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the majority of the world's nuclear reactors are pretty old technology that's very costly to replace.
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In most Western countries, building nuclear reactors has become very expensive for a variety of reasons, like a loss of know -how in constructing them,
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policy changes and increased regulatory constraints so it can take a decade or longer just to finish a power plant.
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In contrast, countries like South Korea, China, India, and Russia are able to build new nuclear reactors comparatively quickly and at a competitive cost.
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Still, generally in the West, the current generation of nuclear power plants are more expensive to build and maintain than most fossil fuel alternatives.
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There are also the concerns about nuclear waste and the fear of accidents, but we cover those in other videos in more detail.
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We have designs for nuclear reactors that solve many of their problems, namely small reactors that take less time and money to get started.
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There are also next generation technologies that can already turn radioactive waste into new fuel,
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but so far these have not been deployed at a scale where they can have a significant impact on the nuclear sector.
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Considering these uncertainties, some argue that nuclear power is a dangerous relic of the past
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and that we should just let it go and focus on renewables.
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But while renewables undoubtedly are the future of electricity,
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they still have their own huge challenges to overcome before they can take over the vast majority of the electricity grid.
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The main problem is reliability and consistency.
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It's not always windy and the sun doesn't always shine especially in the mornings and evenings when humans need the most electricity.
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The variations between seasons don't make this issue easier.
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To make renewables reliable
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and not risk blackouts we need massive storage capacities where we can save energy collected
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when the sun or wind are at their peak and release it later when we actually need it.
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Until this is possible other sources of electricity need to provide a controllable load
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that creates the reliability of supply that our civilization needs to run properly.
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Eventually, we will be able to do this with renewables, but we need a lot of batteries or storage power plants.
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Right now, we simply don't have the tech and the capacities to make this transition fast enough to replace fossil fuels.
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But even if we could, there's another aspect we have to take into account.
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We're not just trying to kick fossil fuels out of electricity, we're trying to replace energy with electricity.
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If we're going to electrify sectors that currently use fossil fuels,
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like cars or heating, we will need significantly more electricity than we're currently using everywhere around the world.
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And if the electricity needs of the world population continue to grow as they have over the last 20 years, we'll need even more.
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It all comes down to one thing.
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No energy source is perfect, all have their own unique problems.
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Both renewables and nuclear energy require time, investment and technological innovation.
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On their own, neither is ready to remove fossil fuels from our electricity grid, although activists on both sides claim that they are.
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In the end, the question is how we want to deal with all these challenges.
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Should we give up nuclear immediately and at least temporarily accept higher emissions?
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Will we try to extend the life of current nuclear reactors and shut them down afterwards while solving the shortcomings of renewables?
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Or will we invest in new nuclear technology to get new nuclear reactor types that are cheaper and safer?
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Or will we maybe do both?
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Opinion part starts here.
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Considering the risks that climate change poses for the biosphere
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and humanity any technology
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that has a chance of contributing to a solution should be pursued that's just good risk management and strategy
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if preventing rapid climate change as quickly as possible is our
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goal it might be a good idea to see nuclear
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and renewables not as opponents but as partners we know there's no time to waste
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so we should keep all of our low emission players on the field as things are both nuclear
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and renewables need innovation and investment but But if we don't know yet which technology will be ready how quickly, why not just invest in both and see what happens?
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And on the topic of current capacities, if we take nuclear energy offline right now, then that missing capacity will be replaced,
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at least partially, by fossil fuels.
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Even if new nuclear power plants in the West are expensive, in the long run it may be cheaper to build them
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as long as they prevent more fossil fuel capacity being added and paying for the consequences of rapid climate change.
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So, do we need nuclear energy?
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Well, it really depends how hard we choose to make things for ourselves.
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And in a world that's already having a really hard time quitting fossil fuels, why should we make things harder than necessary?
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Từ vựng và ghi chú luyện nói cho bài học này
Video này có 91 câu và 1396 từ để luyện shadowing. Phần lời nói dài 9:02. Người nói nói với tốc độ tự nhiên, khoảng 155 từ mỗi phút, gần với hội thoại hằng ngày. 84% số từ nằm trong 3.000 từ tiếng Anh thông dụng nhất; phần còn lại nên xem trước khi luyện.
Từ vựng quan trọng trong video
15 từ đáng học trong video, kèm phiên âm và nghĩa:
| Từ | Phiên âm | Nghĩa |
|---|---|---|
| fossil danh từ | /ˈfɑsl̩/ | hoá thạch |
| reactor danh từ | /ɹiˈæktɚ/ | lò phản ứng |
| innovation danh từ | /ˌɪn.əˈveɪ.ʃən/ | sáng tạo, đổi mới |
| solve động từ | /sɒlv/ | giải quyết |
| humanity danh từ | /hjuˈmænɪti/ | nhân loại, loài người |
| grid danh từ | /ɡɹɪd/ | lưới, mạng |
| activist danh từ | /ˈæk.tɪ.vɪst/ | phần tử tích cực |
| civilization danh từ | /ˌsɪv.ɪ.laɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/ | văn minh |
| greenhouse danh từ | /ˈɡɹːnˌ(h)aʊs/ | nhà kính |
| offline tính từ | /ɔfˈlaɪn/ | ngoại tuyến, gián tuyến |
| topic danh từ | /ˈtɑpɪk/ | chủ đề |
| complicated tính từ | /ˈkɑm.plɪˌkeɪ.tɪd/ | phức tạp |
| argue động từ | /ˈɑɹ.ɡju/ | tranh luận |
| shock danh từ | /ʃɔk/ | choáng, ngạc nhiên |
| compare động từ | /kəmˈpɛɚ/ | so sánh, so |
Cụm động từ bạn sẽ nghe
| Từ | Nghĩa |
|---|---|
| give up động từ | đầu hàng |
Ngữ pháp trong video
Những cấu trúc người nói dùng nhiều nhất, kèm đúng cụm từ trong video:
| Cấu trúc | Trong video |
|---|---|
| Câu bị động be + quá khứ phân từ — nhấn vào việc xảy ra, không phải người làm | were released · is still generated · have not been deployed |
| Thì hiện tại hoàn thành have/has + quá khứ phân từ — việc đã xảy ra nhưng còn liên quan đến hiện tại | have been · has become · have not been deployed |
| Mệnh đề quan hệ who / which + mệnh đề — thêm thông tin về người hoặc vật | those who are · going, which means |
Phát âm cần chú ý
Người nói dùng 10 dạng rút gọn, ví dụ we're, don't, doesn't. Hãy nói theo dạng ngắn đúng như bạn nghe.
- Âm “sh” và “zh”: emission /ɪˈmɪʃ.ən/, transition /tɹænˈzɪʃ.ən/, innovation /ˌɪn.əˈveɪ.ʃən/, civilization /ˌsɪv.ɪ.laɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/, contrast /kənˈt(ʃ)ɹæst/
- Từ dài — đặt trọng âm cho đúng: electricity /ɪˌlɛkˈtɹɪsɪti/, innovation /ˌɪn.əˈveɪ.ʃən/, humanity /hjuˈmænɪti/, civilization /ˌsɪv.ɪ.laɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/, primarily /ˈpɹaɪ.mə.ɹə.li/
Cách luyện với video này
- Nghe hết video một lần, chưa cần nói, và ghi lại những từ bạn chưa biết.
- Bắt đầu ở tốc độ 0,75×, nói đuổi từng câu, rồi quay lại tốc độ bình thường khi đã quen.
- Ghi âm giọng mình rồi so với bản gốc, chú ý các từ như fossil, reactor, innovation.
Phương Pháp Shadowing Là Gì?
Shadowing là kỹ thuật học ngôn ngữ có cơ sở khoa học, ban đầu được phát triển cho chương trình đào tạo phiên dịch viên chuyên nghiệp và được phổ biến rộng rãi bởi nhà đa ngôn ngữ học Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Nguyên lý cốt lõi đơn giản nhưng cực kỳ hiệu quả: bạn nghe tiếng Anh của người bản xứ và lặp lại to ngay lập tức — như một "cái bóng" (shadow) đuổi theo người nói với độ trễ chỉ 1–2 giây. Khác với luyện ngữ pháp hay học từ vựng bị động, Shadowing buộc não bộ và cơ miệng phải đồng thời xử lý và tái tạo ngôn ngữ thực tế. Các nghiên cứu khoa học xác nhận phương pháp này cải thiện đáng kể phát âm, ngữ điệu, nhịp điệu, nối âm, kỹ năng nghe và độ lưu loát khi nói — đặc biệt hiệu quả cho người luyện IELTS Speaking và muốn giao tiếp tiếng Anh tự nhiên như người bản ngữ.