Shadowing Practice: Do we Need Nuclear Energy to Stop Climate Change? - Learn English Speaking with Video
בחר מצב תרגול
כל מצב פותח חדר תרגול במסך מלא.
91 משפטים
אם המשפטים קצרים או ארוכים מדי, לחץ על ערוך כדי להתאים אותם.
1
Do we need nuclear energy to stop climate change?
2
More and more voices from science, environmental activists and the press have been saying so in recent years.
3
But this comes as a shock to those who are fighting against nuclear energy and the problems that come with it.
4
So, who's right?
5
Well, it's complicated.
6
To slow rapid climate change, the world needs to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to net zero.
7
In 2018, three -quarters of global emissions were released through energy production, namely by burning fossil fuels.
8
Energy is a broad term that describes all sorts of stuff, from moving things and people around, to putting things big and small together, or heating our homes.
9
Currently, 84 % of the world's primary energy comes from fossil fuels, 33 % from oil, 27 % from coal, and 24 % from gas.
10
Around 10 % of the global oil supply is just used to burn in boilers to make our homes cozy and warm.
11
Only about 16 % of global energy is from low emission sources, almost 7 % from hydroelectric, 5 % from solar, wind,
12
bioenergy, wave, tidal and geothermal combined, and about 4 % from nuclear.
13
So we pretty much rely on coal, oil and gas to keep our civilization going, which means it's actually very hard to transition away from them.
14
To have a chance of escaping fossil fuels without throwing humanity back into the Stone Age,
15
one of the most impactful things we can do is to electrify as many sectors as possible.
16
Electricity is the stuff that appears like magic when you plug something into a socket so you can watch YouTube.
17
Every industry that can switch from burning fossil fuels to electricity needs to do so, from electric cars to electric heaters.
18
Why do we need to bet so hard on electricity?
19
Because we can produce electricity with low -emission technologies like solar, wind or nuclear.
20
So electricity is a real lever for a radical transition.
21
But there are a few problems making this transition really hard.
22
First of all, in most places in the world, electricity is still generated mostly by burning fossil fuels.
23
And not only that, in the last 20 years, the world's electricity usage increased 73 % in absolute terms.
24
While we are installing renewables at record speeds, at the same time, the amount of fossil fuel we're burning for electricity still keeps rising year by year.
25
Renewables have so far not been able to catch up with the demand for new electricity, and so despite our progress,
26
emissions from electricity are still rising worldwide worldwide.
27
The other alternative to fossil fuels is nuclear, and even though it's not renewable, its greenhouse gas emissions are tiny compared to burning stuff.
28
But in the last 20 years, nuclear has basically stagnated.
29
Countries like China, India, and South Korea built new reactors, while Germany and Japan have been actively taking their nuclear plants offline.
30
Which seems a bit weird
31
if we look at the countries with the most low -carbon electricity in the world
32
that get most of their juice mainly from two sources nuclear or hydropower.
33
Take France and Sweden.
34
In France only around 10 % comes from fossil fuels
35
while 67 % comes from nuclear and 23 % from renewables primarily hydro.
36
In Sweden almost 30 % comes from nuclear power and about 45 % from hydro.
37
So we know that nuclear energy can work at scale.
38
On the technical side, because of the lack of investment and innovation in the last few decades,
39
the majority of the world's nuclear reactors are pretty old technology that's very costly to replace.
40
In most Western countries, building nuclear reactors has become very expensive for a variety of reasons, like a loss of know -how in constructing them,
41
policy changes and increased regulatory constraints so it can take a decade or longer just to finish a power plant.
42
In contrast, countries like South Korea, China, India, and Russia are able to build new nuclear reactors comparatively quickly and at a competitive cost.
43
Still, generally in the West, the current generation of nuclear power plants are more expensive to build and maintain than most fossil fuel alternatives.
44
There are also the concerns about nuclear waste and the fear of accidents, but we cover those in other videos in more detail.
45
We have designs for nuclear reactors that solve many of their problems, namely small reactors that take less time and money to get started.
46
There are also next generation technologies that can already turn radioactive waste into new fuel,
47
but so far these have not been deployed at a scale where they can have a significant impact on the nuclear sector.
48
Considering these uncertainties, some argue that nuclear power is a dangerous relic of the past
49
and that we should just let it go and focus on renewables.
50
But while renewables undoubtedly are the future of electricity,
51
they still have their own huge challenges to overcome before they can take over the vast majority of the electricity grid.
52
The main problem is reliability and consistency.
53
It's not always windy and the sun doesn't always shine especially in the mornings and evenings when humans need the most electricity.
54
The variations between seasons don't make this issue easier.
55
To make renewables reliable
56
and not risk blackouts we need massive storage capacities where we can save energy collected
57
when the sun or wind are at their peak and release it later when we actually need it.
58
Until this is possible other sources of electricity need to provide a controllable load
59
that creates the reliability of supply that our civilization needs to run properly.
60
Eventually, we will be able to do this with renewables, but we need a lot of batteries or storage power plants.
61
Right now, we simply don't have the tech and the capacities to make this transition fast enough to replace fossil fuels.
62
But even if we could, there's another aspect we have to take into account.
63
We're not just trying to kick fossil fuels out of electricity, we're trying to replace energy with electricity.
64
If we're going to electrify sectors that currently use fossil fuels,
65
like cars or heating, we will need significantly more electricity than we're currently using everywhere around the world.
66
And if the electricity needs of the world population continue to grow as they have over the last 20 years, we'll need even more.
67
It all comes down to one thing.
68
No energy source is perfect, all have their own unique problems.
69
Both renewables and nuclear energy require time, investment and technological innovation.
70
On their own, neither is ready to remove fossil fuels from our electricity grid, although activists on both sides claim that they are.
71
In the end, the question is how we want to deal with all these challenges.
72
Should we give up nuclear immediately and at least temporarily accept higher emissions?
73
Will we try to extend the life of current nuclear reactors and shut them down afterwards while solving the shortcomings of renewables?
74
Or will we invest in new nuclear technology to get new nuclear reactor types that are cheaper and safer?
75
Or will we maybe do both?
76
Opinion part starts here.
77
Considering the risks that climate change poses for the biosphere
78
and humanity any technology
79
that has a chance of contributing to a solution should be pursued that's just good risk management and strategy
80
if preventing rapid climate change as quickly as possible is our
81
goal it might be a good idea to see nuclear
82
and renewables not as opponents but as partners we know there's no time to waste
83
so we should keep all of our low emission players on the field as things are both nuclear
84
and renewables need innovation and investment but But if we don't know yet which technology will be ready how quickly, why not just invest in both and see what happens?
85
And on the topic of current capacities, if we take nuclear energy offline right now, then that missing capacity will be replaced,
86
at least partially, by fossil fuels.
87
Even if new nuclear power plants in the West are expensive, in the long run it may be cheaper to build them
88
as long as they prevent more fossil fuel capacity being added and paying for the consequences of rapid climate change.
89
So, do we need nuclear energy?
90
Well, it really depends how hard we choose to make things for ourselves.
91
And in a world that's already having a really hard time quitting fossil fuels, why should we make things harder than necessary?
הורד אפליקציה
כל מה שאתה צריך כדי לדבר בשטף
הגיית AIציון לכל משפט
תרגול IPAשלוט בכל צליל
אוצר מיליםבנה את מאגר המילים שלך
משחק אוצר מיליםלמד תוך כדי משחק
אותו ערוץ
C13
How Caffeine Works
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C121
Queen Ant Clones Another Species
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C1118
Could Humans Evolve Flight?
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C111
You Will Only Like Half of This Video
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C112
Would You Upload Your Mind?
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C15
We Traveled Back in Time. Now Physicists Are Angry.
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B21
Your Brain on Magic Mushrooms
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
C136
Why Ebola Keeps Coming Back
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C223
We Made A New Channel!
University StudentsWorking Adults
B25
Let’s Steal a New Moon
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B23
What Happens AFTER Nuclear War?
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B21
3 Reasons Why Nuclear Energy Is Awesome! 3/3
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
C118
What Falling in Love Does to You
University StudentsWorking Adults
B26
YOU Own the Moon. And Mars. And Venus.
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B23
What Is Life? Is Death Real?
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C1149
How Antidepressants Work
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B238
Your Brain Peaked at Birth
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B232
Your Skeleton Is Electric
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C173
We Won’t Explore the Galaxy...
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B26
Dozens of Nukes Are Missing. Why? HOW?
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
FOR YOU
המלץ על סרטון
B23
97 משפטים
Why the Global Car Industry Is Facing Its Biggest Transformation
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
C130
15 משפטים
Heal Our Planet. Protect Our Future.
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B21
49 משפטים
AI & Future Jobs: Skills You NEED Now!
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B23
7 משפטים
Why is Nuclear Fusion so Hard? - Nuclear Engineer Explains #nuclear
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B2471 משפטים
This Carbon Emissions Video Also Doubles as Economic Development… and That’s Awkward
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
C13
59 משפטים
How Can You Change Somebody's Opinion?
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
56 משפטים
MinuteCement - LC3
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B21
185 משפטים
Elon Musk gets emotional over Australia’s energy emergency (Part Two) | 60 Minutes Australia
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B267 משפטים
Can cycling reduce global warming?
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
497 משפטים
The unstoppable green revolution: Adam Tooze on the "most dramatic story in the history of energy”
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
אוצר מילים והערות הגייה לשיעור הזה
שיעור הדיבור הזה ברמה B2 מבוסס על הסרטון “Do we Need Nuclear Energy to Stop Climate Change?”. המילים שחוזרות הכי הרבה: nuclear, electricity, fuel, fossil, energy. בסרטון הזה יש 91 משפטים ו-1396 מילים לתרגול Shadowing. הדיבור נמשך 9:02. הדובר מדבר בקצב טבעי של כ-155 מילים בדקה, קרוב לשיחה יומיומית. 84% מהמילים נמצאות בין 3,000 המילים הנפוצות ביותר באנגלית; כדאי ללמוד את השאר לפני שמתחילים.
אוצר מילים מרכזי בסרטון הזה
15 המילים המתקדמות ביותר בסרטון, עם ההגייה והמשמעות שלהן:
| מילה | הגייה | משמעות |
|---|---|---|
| fossil שם עצם | /ˈfɑsl̩/ | מְאוּבָּן, מְאֻבָּן |
| reactor שם עצם | /ɹiˈæktɚ/ | כּוּר |
| greenhouse שם עצם | /ˈɡɹːnˌ(h)aʊs/ | חֲמָמָה |
| civilization שם עצם | /ˌsɪv.ɪ.laɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/ | צִיוִילִיזַצְיָה, ציוויליזציה |
| activist שם עצם | /ˈæk.tɪ.vɪst/ | פָּעִיל, פְּעִילָה |
| grid שם עצם | /ɡɹɪd/ | רֶשֶׁת |
| biosphere שם עצם | /ˈbaɪəʊˌsfɪə(ɹ)/ | ביוספרה |
| shortcoming שם עצם | /ˈʃɔːtˌkʌmɪŋ/ | מגרעה |
| socket שם עצם | /ˈsɑkɪt/ | שֶׁקַע |
| heater שם עצם | /ˈhitɚ/ | תנור חימום |
| lever שם עצם | /ˈliː.və/ | מָנוֹף |
| boiler שם עצם | /ˈbɔɪlɚ/ | דוד |
| radioactive שם תואר | /ˌɹeɪdioʊˈæktɪv/ | רדיואקטיבי |
| construct פועל | /ˈkɑn.stɹʌkt/ | הרכיב |
| technological שם תואר | /ˌtɛk.nəˈlɑ.dʒɪ.kəl/ | טֶכְנוֹלוֹגִי |
Phrasal verbs שתשמעו
| מילה | משמעות |
|---|---|
| give up פועל | וִתֵּר |
דקדוק בסרטון הזה
המבנים שהדובר משתמש בהם הכי הרבה, עם המילים המדויקות מהסרטון:
| מבנה | בסרטון |
|---|---|
| סביל (Passive voice) be + past participle — הדגש הוא על מה שקורה, לא על מי שעושה את הפעולה | were released · is still generated · have not been deployed |
| הווה מושלם (Present perfect) have/has + past participle — פעולה שקרתה בעבר ועדיין יש לה חשיבות או השפעה עכשיו | has basically stagnated · have been · has become |
| משפטי זיקה (Relative clauses) who / which + clause — מידע נוסף על אדם או דבר | those who are · going, which means |
הגייה ששווה לשים לב אליה
הדובר משתמש ב-10 קיצורים וצורות מקוצרות, כמו we're, don't, doesn't. אמרו אותם בצורה הקצרה, כפי שאתם שומעים אותם.
- הצלילים של “sh” ו-“zh”: emission /ɪˈmɪʃ.ən/, civilization /ˌsɪv.ɪ.laɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/, shortcoming /ˈʃɔːtˌkʌmɪŋ/, variation /ˌvɛəɹiˈeɪʃn̩/, shine /ʃaɪn/
- מילים ארוכות — שימו לב להטעמה: hydroelectric /ˌhʌɪdrəʊɪˈlɛktrɪk/, electrify /ɪˈlɛktɹɪfaɪ/, civilization /ˌsɪv.ɪ.laɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/, controllable /kənˈtɹoʊləbəl/, comparatively /kəmˈpæɹ.ə.tɪvli/
צלילים שדוברי עברית מתקשים בהם:
- /w/ — שפתיים מעוגלות, לא /v/: windy /ˈwɪn.di/, consequence /ˈkɑn.sɪ.kwəns/
- /æ/ — פתוח יותר מה-“אֶ” העברית, לא כמו “a” ב-“cup”: reactor /ɹiˈæktɚ/, activist /ˈæk.tɪ.vɪst/, impactful /ˈɪmpæktfəl/, stagnate /ˈstæɡneɪt/, comparatively /kəmˈpæɹ.ə.tɪvli/
- /r/ — הלשון לא נוגעת בשום מקום, לא ה-“ר” הגרונית: renewable /ɹɪˈnu.ə.bl̩/, reactor /ɹiˈæktɚ/, hydroelectric /ˌhʌɪdrəʊɪˈlɛktrɪk/, electrify /ɪˈlɛktɹɪfaɪ/, greenhouse /ˈɡɹːnˌ(h)aʊs/
איך לתרגל עם הסרטון הזה
- הקשיבו לכל הסרטון פעם אחת בלי לדבר, ורשמו את המילים שאתם לא מכירים.
- התחילו במהירות 0.75×, תרגלו Shadowing משפט אחר משפט, וחזרו למהירות רגילה כשזה מרגיש קל.
- הקליטו את עצמכם והשוו למקור, תוך תשומת לב למילים כמו fossil, reactor, greenhouse.
מהי טכניקת השאדואינג?
שאדואינג היא טכניקת למידת שפה מבוססת מדע שפותחה במקור להכשרת מתורגמנים מקצועיים ופופולרית על ידי הפוליגלוט ד"ר אלכסנדר ארגואלס. השיטה פשוטה אך עוצמתית: אתה מקשיב לאודיו באנגלית ילידית וחוזר עליו בקול רם מיד — כמו צל העוקב אחרי הדובר עם עיכוב של 1–2 שניות בלבד. בניגוד להאזנה פסיבית או תרגילי דקדוק, שאדואינג מכריח את המוח והשרירים בפה לעבד ולשחזר דפוסי דיבור אמיתיים בו זמנית. מחקרים מראים שזה משפר משמעותית את דיוק ההגייה, האינטונציה, הקצב, הדיבור המחובר, הבנת השמיעה ושטף הדיבור — מה שהופך אותו לאחת השיטות היעילות ביותר להכנה לIELTS Speaking ולתקשורת באנגלית בעולם האמיתי.