Shadowing Practice: What Is Life? Is Death Real? - Learn English Speaking with Video

בחר מצב תרגול

כל מצב פותח חדר תרגול במסך מלא.

72 משפטים
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1
Life is fundamentally different from dead stuff, or is it?
2
Physicist Erwin Schrödinger defined life this way.
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Living things avoid decay into disorder and equilibrium.
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What does this mean?
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Let's pretend that your download folder is the universe.
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It started orderly and got more and more chaotic over time.
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By investing energy, you can create order and clean it up.
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This is what living things do.
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But what is life?
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Every living thing on this planet is made of cells.
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Basically, a cell is a protein -based robot too small to feel or experience anything.
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It has the properties we just assigned to life.
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It has a wall that separates it from the surroundings creating order.
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It regulates itself and maintains a constant state.
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It eats stuff to stay alive, it grows and develops, it reacts to the environment, and it's subject to evolution,
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and it makes more of itself.
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But of all the stuff that makes up a cell, no part is alive.
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Stuff reacts chemically with other stuff, forming reactions that start other reactions, which start other reactions.
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In a single cell, every second, several million chemical reactions take place, forming a complex orchestra.
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A cell can build several thousand types of protein, some very simple, some complex micromachines.
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Imagine driving a car at 100 km an hour
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while constantly rebuilding every single part of it with stuff you collect from the street.
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That is what cells do.
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But no part of the cell is alive, everything is dead matter moved by the laws of the universe.
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So is life the aggregate of all these reaction processes that are taking place?
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Eventually, every living thing will die.
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The goal of the whole process is to prevent this by producing new entities.
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And by this, we mean DNA.
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Life is, in a way, just a lot of stuff that carries genetic information around.
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Every living thing is subject to evolution, and the DNA that develops the best living thing around it will stay in the game.
31
So, is DNA life then?
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If you take DNA out of its hull, it certainly is a very complex molecule, but it can't do anything by itself.
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This is where viruses make everything more complicated.
34
They are basically strings of RNA or DNA in a small hull and need cells to do something.
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We're not sure if they count as living or dead.
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And still, there are 225 million cubic meters of viruses on Earth.
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They don't seem to care what we think of them.
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There are even viruses that invade dead cells and reanimate them so they can be a host for them, which blurs the line even more. Or mitochondria.
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They are the power plants of most complex cells and were previously free -living bacteria that entered a partnership with bigger cells.
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They still have their own DNA and can multiply on their own, but they are not alive anymore they are dead
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so they traded their own life for the survival of their DNA
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which means living things can evolve into dead things as long as it's beneficial to their genetic code
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so maybe life is information that manages to ensure its continued existence
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but what about AI artificial intelligence by our most common definitions we are very close to creating artificial life in computers
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It's just a question of time before the technology we build gets there.
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And this is not science fiction either.
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There are a lot of smart people actively working on this.
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You could already argue that computer viruses are alive.
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Hmm, okay, so what is life then?
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Things?
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Processes?
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DNA?
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Information?
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This got confusing very fast.
55
One thing is for sure, the idea that life is fundamentally different from non -living things
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because they contain some non -physical element or are governed by different principles than inanimate objects turns out to be wrong.
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Before Charles Darwin, humans drew a line between themselves and the rest of living things.
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There was something magical about us that made us special.
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Once we had to accept we are, like every living being, a product of evolution, we drew a different line.
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But the more we learn about what computers can do and how life works, the closer we get to creating the first machine that fits our description of life,
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the more our image of ourselves is in danger again.
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And this will happen sooner or later.
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and here's another question for you
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if everything in the universe is made of the same stuff does this mean everything in the universe is dead
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or that everything in the universe is alive
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that it's just a question of complexity does this mean we can never die
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because we were never alive in the first place is life
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and death an irrelevant question
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and we haven't noticed it yet is it possible we are
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much more part of the universe around us than we thought
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don't look at us we We don't have any answers for you, just questions for you to think about.
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After all, it's thinking about questions like this that makes us feel alive and gives us some comfort.

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אוצר מילים והערות הגייה לשיעור הזה

שיעור הדיבור הזה ברמה B2 מבוסס על הסרטון “What Is Life? Is Death Real?”. המילים שחוזרות הכי הרבה: cell, dna, alive, dead, universe. בסרטון הזה יש 72 משפטים ו-861 מילים לתרגול Shadowing. הדיבור נמשך 5:32. הדובר מדבר בקצב טבעי של כ-156 מילים בדקה, קרוב לשיחה יומיומית. 86% מהמילים נמצאות בין 3,000 המילים הנפוצות ביותר באנגלית; כדאי ללמוד את השאר לפני שמתחילים.

אוצר מילים מרכזי בסרטון הזה

15 המילים המתקדמות ביותר בסרטון, עם ההגייה והמשמעות שלהן:

מילההגייהמשמעות
fundamentally תואר הפועלעֶקְרוֹנִית
bacterium שם עצם/bækˈtɪəɹ.ɪəm/חַיְדַּק \ חידק
mitochondrion שם עצם/ˌmaɪtəˈkɑndɹiən/מיטוכונדריון
physicist שם עצם/ˈfɪzɪsɪst/פִיזִיקַאי
equilibrium שם עצם/ɛkwɪˈlɪbɹɪəm/אִזּוּן, סימביוזה
invade פועל/ɪnˈveɪd/פָּלַשׁ
molecule שם עצם/ˈmɑ.lɪ.kjul/מוֹלֵקוּלָה
govern פועל/ˈɡʌv.ən/מָשַׁל
confuse פועל/kənˈfjuːz/בלבל
chaotic שם תואר/keɪˈɑtɪk/כָּאוֹטִי
folder שם עצם/ˈfoʊldɚ/תִּיקִיָּה
surroundings שם עצם/səˈɹaʊndɪŋz/סְבִיבָה
decay שם עצם/diˈkeɪ/דעיכה
orchestra שם עצם/ˈɔː.kɪs.tɹə/תזמורת, תִּזְמֹרֶת
complexity שם עצם/kəmˈplɛk.sɪ.ti/מורכבות

הגייה ששווה לשים לב אליה

הדובר משתמש ב-6 קיצורים וצורות מקוצרות, כמו don't, can't, haven't. אמרו אותם בצורה הקצרה, כפי שאתם שומעים אותם.

  • מילים ארוכות — שימו לב להטעמה: inanimate /ɪnˈænɪmət/, mitochondrion /ˌmaɪtəˈkɑndɹiən/, reanimate /ɹiˈænɪmeɪt/, equilibrium /ɛkwɪˈlɪbɹɪəm/, irrelevant /ɪˈɹɛləvənt/

צלילים שדוברי עברית מתקשים בהם:

  • /æ/ — פתוח יותר מה-“אֶ” העברית, לא כמו “a” ב-“cup”: react /ɹiːˈækt/, bacterium /bækˈtɪəɹ.ɪəm/, inanimate /ɪnˈænɪmət/, reanimate /ɹiˈænɪmeɪt/, aggregate /ˈæɡ.ɹɪ.ɡət/
  • /r/ — הלשון לא נוגעת בשום מקום, לא ה-“ר” הגרונית: react /ɹiːˈækt/, bacterium /bækˈtɪəɹ.ɪəm/, dinger /ˈdɪŋ(ɡ)ə(ɹ)/, mitochondrion /ˌmaɪtəˈkɑndɹiən/, orderly /ˈɔɹdɚli/
  • עיצור קולי בסוף מילה — /b/, /d/, /g/, /z/, /v/ בלי להפוך אותם לאטומים: invade /ɪnˈveɪd/, confuse /kənˈfjuːz/, surroundings /səˈɹaʊndɪŋz/, evolve /ɪˈvɑlv/, rebuild /ɹiːˈbɪld/

איך לתרגל עם הסרטון הזה

  1. הקשיבו לכל הסרטון פעם אחת בלי לדבר, ורשמו את המילים שאתם לא מכירים.
  2. התחילו במהירות 0.75×, תרגלו Shadowing משפט אחר משפט, וחזרו למהירות רגילה כשזה מרגיש קל.
  3. הקליטו את עצמכם והשוו למקור, תוך תשומת לב למילים כמו fundamentally, bacterium, mitochondrion.

מהי טכניקת השאדואינג?

שאדואינג היא טכניקת למידת שפה מבוססת מדע שפותחה במקור להכשרת מתורגמנים מקצועיים ופופולרית על ידי הפוליגלוט ד"ר אלכסנדר ארגואלס. השיטה פשוטה אך עוצמתית: אתה מקשיב לאודיו באנגלית ילידית וחוזר עליו בקול רם מיד — כמו צל העוקב אחרי הדובר עם עיכוב של 1–2 שניות בלבד. בניגוד להאזנה פסיבית או תרגילי דקדוק, שאדואינג מכריח את המוח והשרירים בפה לעבד ולשחזר דפוסי דיבור אמיתיים בו זמנית. מחקרים מראים שזה משפר משמעותית את דיוק ההגייה, האינטונציה, הקצב, הדיבור המחובר, הבנת השמיעה ושטף הדיבור — מה שהופך אותו לאחת השיטות היעילות ביותר להכנה לIELTS Speaking ולתקשורת באנגלית בעולם האמיתי.

טכניקת Shadowing: קרא את המדריך המלא שלב אחר שלב →