Shadowing Practice: The Modern World Is Designed to Destroy You | Naval Ravikant - Learn English Speaking with Video
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220 משפטים
אם המשפטים קצרים או ארוכים מדי, לחץ על ערוך כדי להתאים אותם.
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Life is really a single -player game.
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It's all going on in your head.
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You know, whatever you think you believe will very much shape your reality, both from what risks you take and what actions you perform,
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but also just your everyday experience of reality.
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If you're walking down the street and you're judging everyone, you're like, I don't like that person because their skin color.
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I don't like that.
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Oh, she's not attractive.
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That guy's fat.
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This person's a loser.
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Oh, who put this in my way?
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You know, the more you judge, the more you're going to separate yourself and you'll feel good for an instant because you'll feel good about yourself.
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I'm better than that.
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But then you're going to feel lonely.
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And then you're just going to see negativity everywhere.
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The world just reflects your own feelings back at you.
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Reality is neutral.
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Reality has no judgments to it.
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And so I was just trying to resolve for myself, like, what could the answer be?
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Not what is the answer, but what could the answer be?
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And so at a core level, I was forced to kind of hunt down all these weird little things and really understand for myself.
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And it's got to be personal, right? but I have to establish for myself what it could and could not be.
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And that gave me some level of peace.
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So now I don't have to keep asking that question.
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What is the meaning of life?
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I mean, I think the question is more interesting than the answer.
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Everyone should explore this on their own.
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But let me just explore a few parts with you, right?
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So first is, if I gave you an answer, if I said the meaning of life is to please God, well, which God?
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Okay, Judeo -Christian God.
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Well, okay, why that one?
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Why this thing?
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The problem is it's a why question.
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You can keep asking why forever, right?
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Any answer I give you, you'll just ask why again, why again, why again.
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Like a little kid.
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That's right.
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And you end up in a place called Agrippa's Trilemma.
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Okay, this is a philosophical exercise, but I kind of thought it through and Googled around it.
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There's a thing called Agrippa's Trilemma.
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And Agrippa's Trilemma says that any questioning like this, why, will always end in one of three places.
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Okay, first is infinite regress, right?
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Why?
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Because of this.
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Why that? and just keep going forever.
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The second is circular reasoning.
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Well, A.
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Why A?
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Because of B.
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Well, why B?
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Because of A.
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You get trapped in that.
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Or the third is an axiom.
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And the most popular axiom is God.
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But it could be anything because of math, because of science, because of the Big Bang, because of simulation, right?
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These are all axioms.
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These are all just stopping points.
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Saying we're in a simulation or saying it's the Big Bang is just another way of saying God.
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God's a dirty word, so we don't use it as much anymore, but same thing.
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So you end up in one of these three dead ends, essentially.
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So there is no answer.
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The real answer is because.
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What is the meaning of life?
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Yeah, you get to make up your own answers to beauty.
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If there was a single answer, we would not be free.
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We would be trapped.
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Because then we would all have to live to that answer.
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Then we'd be Borg -like robots, each one competing with each other to fulfill that single meaning more than the others.
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Back to signaling, like I'm better at it than you are
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but luckily there is no answer
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so you just do whatever you want well the answers to all the great questions are paradoxes yeah
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so for example you're asking like do i matter
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that's like really the question
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you asked right well how do i matter in this infinite universe well
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you know on the one hand
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you're separate no two points are the same every point is every two points are infinitely different
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you're completely separated no one will have your thoughts your emotions your feelings your experience
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so your life is a single player game you're trapped inside your head
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and you're just aware of a bunch of things going on
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and that's it on the other hand
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i cannot say the word joe rogan without invoking the entire universe joe rogan alien comes along says what's
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that joe rogan what's joe rogan
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it's a human what's a human bipedal ape what's an ape
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on the earth what's the earth planet what's a planet solar system where was the carbon made inside stars right
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it's like i have to create the entire universe to just say the words joe rogan
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so in that sense you're connected to everything.
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It's inseparable.
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So the answer to that question of do I matter is I am nothing and I am everything.
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And you'll find this with all the great questions.
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The answers are all paradoxes, which is why at some level, it's sort of pointless to pursue them, to find a trite answer like I'm giving.
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But the act of pursuing them is actually really useful
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because then it gives you certain intrinsic understanding in your life that brings a level of peace.
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I wonder where this is going.
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I really do.
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I wonder because this is it seems like this newfound ability to broadcast that we have with
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Whether you have a YouTube page or whether you have
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Twitter or whatever you're doing this newfound ability to
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Spread whatever you're trying to say to
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so many people with very little understanding on the most part from I think it's actually a great thing overall.
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Yeah Because now it means that any human can broadcast to any other human on the planet at any time.
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I think
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that the human brain is not designed to absorb all of
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the world's breaking news 24 -7 emergencies injected straight into your skull with clickbait headline news.
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If you pay attention to that stuff, even if you're well -meaning, even if you're sound of mind and body, it will eventually drive you insane.
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I think that's what's happening right now because these are addictive, right?
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Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, these are weaponized.
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You have social statisticians and scientists and researchers and people in lab codes,
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literally best minds of our generation figuring out how to addict you to the news.
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And if you fall for it, if you get addicted, your brain will get destroyed.
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And I think this is the modern struggle.
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The modern struggle.
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So the ancient struggle used to be the tribal struggle.
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You had your tribe of friends and family.
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You had your religion.
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You had your country.
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You had your loyalty.
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You had your nationality.
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At least you had meaning and support, but now you would struggle against other tribes.
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Modern life, we're so free, everything's become atomized.
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We stand alone.
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You live in your apartment alone.
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You live in your house alone.
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Your parents don't live nearby.
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Your friends don't live nearby.
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You don't have any tribal meaning.
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You don't believe in religion anymore.
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You don't believe in country anymore.
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It's fine.
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You got a lot of freedom.
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It's fantastic.
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But now when they come to attack you, you're alone and you can't resist.
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So how do they attack you?
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It's all well -meaning.
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I don't fault capitalism.
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I love capitalism.
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But look at how it happens.
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Social media, they've massaged all the mechanisms to addict you like a Skinner pigeon or a rat who's just going to click, click, click, click, click.
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Can't put the phone down.
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Food, they've taken sugar and they've weaponized it.
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They've put it into all these different forms and varieties that you can't resist eating.
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Drugs, right?
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They've taken pharmaceuticals and plants and they've synthesized them.
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They've grown them in such a way that you get addicted.
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You can't put them down.
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Porn, right?
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If you're a young male and you wander around the internet, it'll like sap away your libido
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and you're not going out in real life society anymore because you've got this incredibly stimulating stuff coming at you.
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Video games, another way to addict people.
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So you have entire large factories of people that are working to addict you to these things, and you stand alone.
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So the modern struggle as an individual is learning how to resist these things in the first place,
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drawing your own boundaries, and there's no one there to help you.
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That's terrifying.
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Extreme power.
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The most powerful people in the world today, and this is not well known,
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but the most powerful people in the world today are the people who are writing the algorithms for Twitter
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and Facebook and Instagram because they're controlling the spread of information.
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They're literally rewriting people's brains.
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They're programming the culture and they're doing it very subtly.
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You know, when I was growing up, there was this statement, I think it was Pascal.
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He said, you know, all of man's problems arise because he cannot sit by himself in a room for 30 minutes alone.
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And it's very true.
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I always needed to be stimulated.
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And when the iPhone came along, boredom was dead.
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I would never be bored again.
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Even if I'm standing in line, I'm on my iPhone and I thought it was great.
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And when I was a kid, I used to try and overclock my brain and be like, how many thoughts can I think at once?
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The answer is only one, but I would try to think multiple thoughts at once.
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And I was proud of that.
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I was proud that my brain was always running.
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This engine was always moving.
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And it's a disease.
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It's actually the road to misery.
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And now that I'm older, I realize you actually want to, again, rest your mind.
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You want to learn how to settle into your mind.
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Now, I look forward to solitary confinement.
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You leave me alone for a day, It'll be like the happiest day I've had in a while.
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And that is a superpower that I think everybody can attain.
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The superpower of learning to be alone and enjoying it.
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Yeah.
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When I first started meditating, it was really hard, right?
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Because everybody, I think a lot of people who listen to this broadcast have heard of meditation that has a good rep.
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So everybody tries it.
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They struggle.
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They kind of give it up.
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It's one of those things that everybody says they do, but nobody actually does.
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It's like not eating sugar, right?
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Everyone talks about how, yeah, I don't eat sugar with like, yeah, then the dessert tray rolls around and everyone's going for the cookies, right?
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So it's become one of those things.
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And in fact, it's now even become a signaling thing where it's like, oh, how much did you meditate?
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I meditated this much.
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But really all it is is the art of doing nothing, okay?
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And it's important because I think when we grow up, right, it's all this stuff happening to you in your life.
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And some of it you're processing, some of it you're absorbing,
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and some of it you should probably think a little bit more about and work through, but you don't.
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You don't have time.
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So it gets buried in you.
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And it's all these preferences and judgments and unresolved situations and issues.
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And it's like your email inbox.
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It's just piling up email after email after email that's not answered, going back 10, 20, 30, 40 years.
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And then when you sit down to meditate, those emails start coming back at you.
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Hey, what about this issue?
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What about that issue?
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Have you solved this?
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Did you think about that?
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You have regrets there?
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You have issues there?
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And that gets scary.
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People don't want to do that.
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It's like, it's not working.
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I can't clear my mind.
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I better get up and not do this.
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But really what's happening is it's self -therapy.
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It's just that instead of paying a therapist to sit there and listen to you, you're listening to yourself.
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And you just have to sit there as those emails go through one by one.
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You work through each of them until you get to the magical inbox zero.
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And there comes a day when you sit down, you realize the only things you're thinking about are things that happened yesterday.
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Because you've processed everything else.
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Not necessarily even resolved it, but at least listened to yourself.
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And that's when meditation starts.
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And I think it's a very powerful thing that everybody should experience.
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And that's when you arrive.
הורד אפליקציה
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אוצר מילים והערות הגייה לשיעור הזה
שיעור הדיבור הזה ברמה C1 מבוסס על הסרטון “The Modern World Is Designed to Destroy You”. בסרטון הזה יש 220 משפטים ו-2130 מילים לתרגול Shadowing. הדיבור נמשך 10:13. הדובר מדבר מהר, כ-208 מילים בדקה, אז צפו לצלילים מחוברים ומקוצרים. 87% מהמילים נמצאות בין 3,000 המילים הנפוצות ביותר באנגלית; כדאי ללמוד את השאר לפני שמתחילים. 33 מתוך 220 המשפטים שלו הם שאלות, כך שזה תרגול טוב לאינטונציה של שאלות ולתשובות קצרות.
אוצר מילים מרכזי בסרטון הזה
15 המילים המתקדמות ביותר בסרטון, עם ההגייה והמשמעות שלהן:
| מילה | הגייה | משמעות |
|---|---|---|
| addict שם עצם | /ˈæd.ɪkt/ | מָכוּר |
| axiom שם עצם | /ˈæk.si.əm/ | אַקְסְיוֹמָה |
| superpower שם עצם | מַעֲצָמָה | |
| paradox שם עצם | /ˈpæ.ɹəˌdɒks/ | פרדוקס |
| absorb פועל | /æbˈsɔɹb/ | ספג |
| simulation שם עצם | /ˌsɪm.jəˈleɪ.ʃn̩/ | הדמיה, סימולציה |
| capitalism שם עצם | /ˈkæp.ə.təlˌɪzm̩/ | קָפִּיטָלִיזְם, הוֹנְתָנוּת |
| tribal שם תואר | /ˈtɹaɪbəl/ | שִׁבְטִי |
| boredom שם עצם | /ˈbɔɹ.dəm/ | שִׁעְמוּם |
| libido שם עצם | /lɪˈbiː.dəʊ/ | תשוקה, לִיבִּידוֹ |
| pigeon שם עצם | /ˈpɪ.dʒɪn/ | יוֹנָה |
| addictive שם תואר | /əˈdɪktɪv/ | ממכר |
| wander פועל | /ˈwɑndɚ/ | שׁוֹטֵט, תָּעָה |
| nationality שם עצם | /ˌnæʃ.əˈnæl.ɪ.ti/ | אזרחות, לאום |
| tray שם עצם | /tɹeɪ/ | מַגָּשׁ |
Phrasal verbs שתשמעו
| מילה | משמעות |
|---|---|
| grow up פועל | גָּדַל |
| figure out פועל | הֵבִין, מצא תשובה |
| get up פועל | קָם |
| sit down פועל | התיישב \ הִתְיַשֵּׁב |
משפטים שכדאי לחזור עליהם
משפטים קצרים ושלמים מהסרטון שאפשר להשתמש בהם בשיחה יומיומית:
- It's all going on in your head.
- Modern life, we're so free, everything's become atomized.
- Your parents don't live nearby.
- Your friends don't live nearby.
- Did you think about that?
דקדוק בסרטון הזה
המבנים שהדובר משתמש בהם הכי הרבה, עם המילים המדויקות מהסרטון:
| מבנה | בסרטון |
|---|---|
| משפטי תנאי (Conditional sentences) if + clause, will/would + verb — תנאי ותוצאה שלו | if you get addicted, your brain will get |
| הווה מושלם (Present perfect) have/has + past participle — פעולה שקרתה בעבר ועדיין יש לה חשיבות או השפעה עכשיו | they've massaged · they've taken · They've put |
| סביל (Passive voice) be + past participle — הדגש הוא על מה שקורה, לא על מי שעושה את הפעולה | was forced · would be trapped · is not designed |
| משפטי זיקה (Relative clauses) who / which + clause — מידע נוסף על אדם או דבר | paradoxes, which is · people that are · people who are |
הגייה ששווה לשים לב אליה
הדובר משתמש ב-71 קיצורים וצורות מקוצרות, כמו you're, don't, they've. אמרו אותם בצורה הקצרה, כפי שאתם שומעים אותם.
- הצלילים של “th”: synthesize /ˈsɪnθəsaɪz/, therapist /ˈθɛɹəpɪst/, algorithm /ˈælɡəɹɪðm̩/
- הצלילים של “sh” ו-“zh”: simulation /ˌsɪm.jəˈleɪ.ʃn̩/, meditation /mɛdɪˈteɪʃn̩/, statistician /ˌstætɪsˈtɪʃn̩/, nationality /ˌnæʃ.əˈnæl.ɪ.ti/, massage /məˈsɑ(d)ʒ/
- מילים ארוכות — שימו לב להטעמה: capitalism /ˈkæp.ə.təlˌɪzm̩/, inseparable /inˈsɛ.p(ə).ɹə.bl/, negativity /ˌnɛɡ.əˈtɪ.vɪ.ti/, infinitely /ˈɪnfɪnɪtli/, nationality /ˌnæʃ.əˈnæl.ɪ.ti/
צלילים שדוברי עברית מתקשים בהם:
- /w/ — שפתיים מעוגלות, לא /v/: weaponize /ˈwɛpənaɪz/, wander /ˈwɑndɚ/
- /æ/ — פתוח יותר מה-“אֶ” העברית, לא כמו “a” ב-“cup”: addict /ˈæd.ɪkt/, axiom /ˈæk.si.əm/, paradox /ˈpæ.ɹəˌdɒks/, absorb /æbˈsɔɹb/, capitalism /ˈkæp.ə.təlˌɪzm̩/
- /r/ — הלשון לא נוגעת בשום מקום, לא ה-“ר” הגרונית: paradox /ˈpæ.ɹəˌdɒks/, absorb /æbˈsɔɹb/, tribal /ˈtɹaɪbəl/, boredom /ˈbɔɹ.dəm/, inseparable /inˈsɛ.p(ə).ɹə.bl/
איך לתרגל עם הסרטון הזה
- הקשיבו לכל הסרטון פעם אחת בלי לדבר, ורשמו את המילים שאתם לא מכירים.
- התחילו במהירות 0.75×, תרגלו Shadowing משפט אחר משפט, וחזרו למהירות רגילה כשזה מרגיש קל.
- הקליטו את עצמכם והשוו למקור, תוך תשומת לב למילים כמו addict, axiom, superpower.
מהי טכניקת השאדואינג?
שאדואינג היא טכניקת למידת שפה מבוססת מדע שפותחה במקור להכשרת מתורגמנים מקצועיים ופופולרית על ידי הפוליגלוט ד"ר אלכסנדר ארגואלס. השיטה פשוטה אך עוצמתית: אתה מקשיב לאודיו באנגלית ילידית וחוזר עליו בקול רם מיד — כמו צל העוקב אחרי הדובר עם עיכוב של 1–2 שניות בלבד. בניגוד להאזנה פסיבית או תרגילי דקדוק, שאדואינג מכריח את המוח והשרירים בפה לעבד ולשחזר דפוסי דיבור אמיתיים בו זמנית. מחקרים מראים שזה משפר משמעותית את דיוק ההגייה, האינטונציה, הקצב, הדיבור המחובר, הבנת השמיעה ושטף הדיבור — מה שהופך אותו לאחת השיטות היעילות ביותר להכנה לIELTS Speaking ולתקשורת באנגלית בעולם האמיתי.