Pratica di Shadowing: The Modern World Is Designed to Destroy You | Naval Ravikant - Impara a parlare inglese con i video
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220 frasi
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Life is really a single -player game.
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It's all going on in your head.
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You know, whatever you think you believe will very much shape your reality, both from what risks you take and what actions you perform,
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but also just your everyday experience of reality.
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If you're walking down the street and you're judging everyone, you're like, I don't like that person because their skin color.
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I don't like that.
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Oh, she's not attractive.
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That guy's fat.
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This person's a loser.
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Oh, who put this in my way?
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You know, the more you judge, the more you're going to separate yourself and you'll feel good for an instant because you'll feel good about yourself.
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I'm better than that.
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But then you're going to feel lonely.
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And then you're just going to see negativity everywhere.
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The world just reflects your own feelings back at you.
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Reality is neutral.
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Reality has no judgments to it.
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And so I was just trying to resolve for myself, like, what could the answer be?
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Not what is the answer, but what could the answer be?
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And so at a core level, I was forced to kind of hunt down all these weird little things and really understand for myself.
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And it's got to be personal, right? but I have to establish for myself what it could and could not be.
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And that gave me some level of peace.
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So now I don't have to keep asking that question.
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What is the meaning of life?
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I mean, I think the question is more interesting than the answer.
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Everyone should explore this on their own.
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But let me just explore a few parts with you, right?
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So first is, if I gave you an answer, if I said the meaning of life is to please God, well, which God?
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Okay, Judeo -Christian God.
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Well, okay, why that one?
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Why this thing?
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The problem is it's a why question.
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You can keep asking why forever, right?
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Any answer I give you, you'll just ask why again, why again, why again.
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Like a little kid.
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That's right.
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And you end up in a place called Agrippa's Trilemma.
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Okay, this is a philosophical exercise, but I kind of thought it through and Googled around it.
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There's a thing called Agrippa's Trilemma.
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And Agrippa's Trilemma says that any questioning like this, why, will always end in one of three places.
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Okay, first is infinite regress, right?
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Why?
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Because of this.
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Why that? and just keep going forever.
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The second is circular reasoning.
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Well, A.
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Why A?
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Because of B.
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Well, why B?
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Because of A.
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You get trapped in that.
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Or the third is an axiom.
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And the most popular axiom is God.
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But it could be anything because of math, because of science, because of the Big Bang, because of simulation, right?
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These are all axioms.
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These are all just stopping points.
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Saying we're in a simulation or saying it's the Big Bang is just another way of saying God.
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God's a dirty word, so we don't use it as much anymore, but same thing.
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So you end up in one of these three dead ends, essentially.
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So there is no answer.
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The real answer is because.
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What is the meaning of life?
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Yeah, you get to make up your own answers to beauty.
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If there was a single answer, we would not be free.
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We would be trapped.
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Because then we would all have to live to that answer.
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Then we'd be Borg -like robots, each one competing with each other to fulfill that single meaning more than the others.
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Back to signaling, like I'm better at it than you are
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but luckily there is no answer
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so you just do whatever you want well the answers to all the great questions are paradoxes yeah
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so for example you're asking like do i matter
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that's like really the question
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you asked right well how do i matter in this infinite universe well
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you know on the one hand
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you're separate no two points are the same every point is every two points are infinitely different
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you're completely separated no one will have your thoughts your emotions your feelings your experience
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so your life is a single player game you're trapped inside your head
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and you're just aware of a bunch of things going on
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and that's it on the other hand
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i cannot say the word joe rogan without invoking the entire universe joe rogan alien comes along says what's
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that joe rogan what's joe rogan
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it's a human what's a human bipedal ape what's an ape
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on the earth what's the earth planet what's a planet solar system where was the carbon made inside stars right
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it's like i have to create the entire universe to just say the words joe rogan
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so in that sense you're connected to everything.
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It's inseparable.
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So the answer to that question of do I matter is I am nothing and I am everything.
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And you'll find this with all the great questions.
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The answers are all paradoxes, which is why at some level, it's sort of pointless to pursue them, to find a trite answer like I'm giving.
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But the act of pursuing them is actually really useful
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because then it gives you certain intrinsic understanding in your life that brings a level of peace.
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I wonder where this is going.
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I really do.
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I wonder because this is it seems like this newfound ability to broadcast that we have with
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Whether you have a YouTube page or whether you have
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Twitter or whatever you're doing this newfound ability to
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Spread whatever you're trying to say to
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so many people with very little understanding on the most part from I think it's actually a great thing overall.
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Yeah Because now it means that any human can broadcast to any other human on the planet at any time.
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I think
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that the human brain is not designed to absorb all of
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the world's breaking news 24 -7 emergencies injected straight into your skull with clickbait headline news.
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If you pay attention to that stuff, even if you're well -meaning, even if you're sound of mind and body, it will eventually drive you insane.
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I think that's what's happening right now because these are addictive, right?
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Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, these are weaponized.
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You have social statisticians and scientists and researchers and people in lab codes,
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literally best minds of our generation figuring out how to addict you to the news.
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And if you fall for it, if you get addicted, your brain will get destroyed.
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And I think this is the modern struggle.
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The modern struggle.
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So the ancient struggle used to be the tribal struggle.
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You had your tribe of friends and family.
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You had your religion.
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You had your country.
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You had your loyalty.
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You had your nationality.
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At least you had meaning and support, but now you would struggle against other tribes.
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Modern life, we're so free, everything's become atomized.
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We stand alone.
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You live in your apartment alone.
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You live in your house alone.
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Your parents don't live nearby.
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Your friends don't live nearby.
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You don't have any tribal meaning.
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You don't believe in religion anymore.
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You don't believe in country anymore.
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It's fine.
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You got a lot of freedom.
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It's fantastic.
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But now when they come to attack you, you're alone and you can't resist.
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So how do they attack you?
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It's all well -meaning.
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I don't fault capitalism.
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I love capitalism.
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But look at how it happens.
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Social media, they've massaged all the mechanisms to addict you like a Skinner pigeon or a rat who's just going to click, click, click, click, click.
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Can't put the phone down.
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Food, they've taken sugar and they've weaponized it.
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They've put it into all these different forms and varieties that you can't resist eating.
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Drugs, right?
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They've taken pharmaceuticals and plants and they've synthesized them.
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They've grown them in such a way that you get addicted.
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You can't put them down.
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Porn, right?
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If you're a young male and you wander around the internet, it'll like sap away your libido
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and you're not going out in real life society anymore because you've got this incredibly stimulating stuff coming at you.
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Video games, another way to addict people.
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So you have entire large factories of people that are working to addict you to these things, and you stand alone.
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So the modern struggle as an individual is learning how to resist these things in the first place,
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drawing your own boundaries, and there's no one there to help you.
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That's terrifying.
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Extreme power.
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The most powerful people in the world today, and this is not well known,
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but the most powerful people in the world today are the people who are writing the algorithms for Twitter
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and Facebook and Instagram because they're controlling the spread of information.
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They're literally rewriting people's brains.
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They're programming the culture and they're doing it very subtly.
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You know, when I was growing up, there was this statement, I think it was Pascal.
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He said, you know, all of man's problems arise because he cannot sit by himself in a room for 30 minutes alone.
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And it's very true.
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I always needed to be stimulated.
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And when the iPhone came along, boredom was dead.
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I would never be bored again.
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Even if I'm standing in line, I'm on my iPhone and I thought it was great.
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And when I was a kid, I used to try and overclock my brain and be like, how many thoughts can I think at once?
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The answer is only one, but I would try to think multiple thoughts at once.
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And I was proud of that.
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I was proud that my brain was always running.
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This engine was always moving.
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And it's a disease.
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It's actually the road to misery.
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And now that I'm older, I realize you actually want to, again, rest your mind.
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You want to learn how to settle into your mind.
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Now, I look forward to solitary confinement.
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You leave me alone for a day, It'll be like the happiest day I've had in a while.
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And that is a superpower that I think everybody can attain.
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The superpower of learning to be alone and enjoying it.
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Yeah.
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When I first started meditating, it was really hard, right?
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Because everybody, I think a lot of people who listen to this broadcast have heard of meditation that has a good rep.
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So everybody tries it.
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They struggle.
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They kind of give it up.
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It's one of those things that everybody says they do, but nobody actually does.
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It's like not eating sugar, right?
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Everyone talks about how, yeah, I don't eat sugar with like, yeah, then the dessert tray rolls around and everyone's going for the cookies, right?
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So it's become one of those things.
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And in fact, it's now even become a signaling thing where it's like, oh, how much did you meditate?
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I meditated this much.
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But really all it is is the art of doing nothing, okay?
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And it's important because I think when we grow up, right, it's all this stuff happening to you in your life.
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And some of it you're processing, some of it you're absorbing,
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and some of it you should probably think a little bit more about and work through, but you don't.
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You don't have time.
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So it gets buried in you.
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And it's all these preferences and judgments and unresolved situations and issues.
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And it's like your email inbox.
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It's just piling up email after email after email that's not answered, going back 10, 20, 30, 40 years.
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And then when you sit down to meditate, those emails start coming back at you.
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Hey, what about this issue?
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What about that issue?
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Have you solved this?
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Did you think about that?
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You have regrets there?
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You have issues there?
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And that gets scary.
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People don't want to do that.
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It's like, it's not working.
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I can't clear my mind.
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I better get up and not do this.
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But really what's happening is it's self -therapy.
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It's just that instead of paying a therapist to sit there and listen to you, you're listening to yourself.
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And you just have to sit there as those emails go through one by one.
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You work through each of them until you get to the magical inbox zero.
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And there comes a day when you sit down, you realize the only things you're thinking about are things that happened yesterday.
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Because you've processed everything else.
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Not necessarily even resolved it, but at least listened to yourself.
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And that's when meditation starts.
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And I think it's a very powerful thing that everybody should experience.
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And that's when you arrive.
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Vocabolario e note di pronuncia per questa lezione
Questa lezione di conversazione si basa sul video “The Modern World Is Designed to Destroy You”. Questo video contiene 220 frasi e 2130 parole da ripetere con lo shadowing. Il parlato dura 10:13. Chi parla va veloce, circa 208 parole al minuto: aspettati suoni legati e ridotti. Il 87% delle parole rientra nelle 3.000 più comuni dell’inglese, quindi il lessico è facile da seguire. 33 delle sue 220 frasi sono domande: un buon esercizio per l’intonazione interrogativa e le risposte brevi.
Vocaboli chiave di questo video
15 parole del video che vale la pena imparare, con pronuncia e significato:
| Parola | Pronuncia | Significato |
|---|---|---|
| addict sostantivo | /ˈæd.ɪkt/ | dipendente |
| broadcast sostantivo | /ˈbɹɔːd(ˌ)kɑːst/ | trasmissione, emissione |
| trap sostantivo | /tɹæp/ | trappola, tranello |
| resist verbo | /ɹɪˈzɪst/ | resistere, trattenere |
| explore verbo | /ɪkˈsploɹ/ | esplorare, investigare |
| judgment sostantivo | /ˈd͡ʒʌd͡ʒ.mənt/ | giudizio |
| pursue verbo | /pɚˈsu/ | perseguire |
| resolve verbo | /ɹɪˈzɑlv/ | risolvere, accordarsi |
| infinite aggettivo | /ˈɪnfɪnɪt/ | infinito |
| tribal aggettivo | /ˈtɹaɪbəl/ | tribale |
| capitalism sostantivo | /ˈkæp.ə.təlˌɪzm̩/ | capitalismo |
| simulation sostantivo | /ˌsɪm.jəˈleɪ.ʃn̩/ | simulazione |
| absorb verbo | /æbˈsɔɹb/ | assorbire, incorporare |
| stimulate verbo | /ˈstɪm.jəˌleɪt/ | stimolare |
| paradox sostantivo | /ˈpæ.ɹəˌdɒks/ | paradosso |
I phrasal verb che sentirai
| Parola | Pronuncia | Significato |
|---|---|---|
| grow up verbo | crescere | |
| figure out verbo | scoprire, rendersi conto | |
| get up verbo | alzarsi | |
| go back verbo | tornare | |
| go through verbo | attraversare | |
| look forward to verbo | non vedere l'ora | |
| make up verbo | /ˌmeɪk ˈʌp/ | comporsi |
| pile up verbo | impilare, impilarsi |
Frasi da ripetere
Frasi brevi e complete del video che puoi riutilizzare nella conversazione di tutti i giorni:
- It's all going on in your head.
- Modern life, we're so free, everything's become atomized.
- Your parents don't live nearby.
- Your friends don't live nearby.
- Did you think about that?
La grammatica di questo video
Le strutture che chi parla usa di più, con le parole esatte del video:
| Struttura | Nel video |
|---|---|
| Frasi condizionali if + frase, will/would + verbo — una condizione e il suo risultato | if you get addicted, your brain will get |
| Present perfect have/has + participio passato — un’azione passata che conta ancora adesso | they've massaged · they've taken · They've put |
| Forma passiva be + participio passato — conta ciò che accade, non chi lo fa | was forced · would be trapped · is not designed |
| Frasi relative who / which + frase — un’informazione in più su una persona o una cosa | paradoxes, which is · people that are · people who are |
Pronuncia a cui fare attenzione
Chi parla usa 71 contrazioni e forme ridotte, come you're, don't, they've. Pronunciale nella forma breve, così come le senti.
- I suoni “th”: mathematics /mæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪks/, algorithm /ˈælɡəɹɪðm̩/, therapist /ˈθɛɹəpɪst/, synthesize /ˈsɪnθəsaɪz/
- I suoni “sh” e “zh”: meditation /mɛdɪˈteɪʃn̩/, simulation /ˌsɪm.jəˈleɪ.ʃn̩/, establish /ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ/, essentially /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/, emotion /ɪˈməʊ.ʃən/
- Parole lunghe — attenzione all’accento: capitalism /ˈkæp.ə.təlˌɪzm̩/, necessarily /ˌnɛs.əˈsɛɹ.ə.li/, essentially /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/, incredibly /ɪŋˈkɹɛdɪbli/, mechanism /ˈmɛk.ə.nɪ.zəm/
I suoni difficili per chi parla italiano:
- Consonante finale — senza aggiungere una vocale dopo: addict /ˈæd.ɪkt/, broadcast /ˈbɹɔːd(ˌ)kɑːst/, trap /tɹæp/, resist /ɹɪˈzɪst/, judgment /ˈd͡ʒʌd͡ʒ.mənt/
- /æ/ — più aperta della “e”: addict /ˈæd.ɪkt/, trap /tɹæp/, capitalism /ˈkæp.ə.təlˌɪzm̩/, absorb /æbˈsɔɹb/, paradox /ˈpæ.ɹəˌdɒks/
Come esercitarsi con questo video
- Ascolta tutto il video una volta senza parlare e annota le parole che non conosci.
- Inizia a velocità 0,75×, fai shadowing frase per frase e torna alla velocità normale quando diventa facile.
- Registrati e confronta con l’originale, facendo attenzione a parole come addict, broadcast, trap.
Cos'è la tecnica dello Shadowing?
Shadowing è una tecnica di apprendimento delle lingue supportata da studi scientifici, originariamente sviluppata per la formazione dei traduttori professionisti e resa popolare dal poliglotta Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Il metodo è semplice ma potente: ascolti un audio in inglese di madrelingua e lo ripeti immediatamente ad alta voce — come un'ombra che segue il parlante con un ritardo di solo 1–2 secondi. A differenza dell'ascolto passivo o degli esercizi di grammatica, lo shadowing costringe il tuo cervello e i muscoli della bocca a elaborare e riprodurre simultaneamente i modelli di discorso reale. La ricerca dimostra che migliora significativamente la precisione della pronuncia, l'intonazione, il ritmo, il discorso connesso, la comprensione dell'ascolto e la fluidità del parlato — rendendolo uno dei metodi più efficaci per la preparazione alla prova di speaking dell'IELTS e per la comunicazione reale in inglese.