シャドーイング練習: What Happens AFTER Nuclear War? - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ
練習モードを選ぶ
各モードは全画面の練習ルームで開きます。
122 文
文が短すぎたり長すぎる場合は、Editをタップして調整してください。
1
Nuclear war would forever split human history into anything that happened before and the post -war apocalypse.
2
In the worst case, mass fires consume everything within tens of thousands of square kilometers, killing hundreds of millions within hours.
3
But the worst part comes after that.
4
Nuclear war could trigger a nuclear winter that might kill billions, maybe even completely collapsing our civilization.
5
how does it work and what would it look like fire causes winter
6
when a nuclear weapon is detonated a bubble of gas hotter than the sun is forced into existence so hot
7
that everything within kilometers immediately begins to burn the terror bubble
8
expands rapidly filling the sky over its target creating a devastating shock wave
9
that causes most of the immediate destruction basically you break a lot of stuff and set it on fire.
10
And in the worst case, this turns into a firestorm that consumes everything and everyone on the ground.
11
Right after the explosion, a gigantic mushroom cloud rises over the destruction like a demon throning over its perverse work.
12
But in the following hours, a far more deadly cloud forms.
13
The fire burning cities, forests, or fields heats up so much air that it creates its own microclimate and wind system.
14
Hot air and hot smoke rise, pulling in fresh air from the surroundings and fresh oxygen stoking the flames even more.
15
This creates an updraft and forms a colossal pyrocumulonimbus cloud
16
that carries the soot and aerosols from the flames high into the stratosphere.
17
Under normal conditions, the soot rising from a big fire is quickly washed out by rain.
18
But a pyrocumulonimbus cloud can reach altitudes well above the height where rain clouds form.
19
Once above the tropopores, there's simply no weather to remove soot from the atmosphere, so it can stay aloft for years.
20
If this happens to a single city, it's a tragedy, but a fairly local one.
21
But in a full -scale nuclear war, warring nations following the cold logic of mutually assured destruction could use hundreds or even thousands of nuclear weapons all at once,
22
creating hundreds of firestorms, sending up to 150 million tons of soot, a cube the size of a skyscraper, directly into the stratosphere.
23
In the next few days and weeks, the soot begins to blanket the Earth at high altitudes, absorbing light high above the ground and preventing sunlight from reaching the surface.
24
This is not like science fiction, where the sky turns dark and the sun disappears.
25
Winter is what happens when just a little less sunlight hits the ground, and now suddenly, a lot less sunlight gets through.
26
Yesterday, the world was normal.
27
Today, nuclear winter begins.
28
Winter causes hunger.
29
How bad nuclear winter would be is still an active area of research.
30
It all hinges on one thing.
31
How much stuff will burn really hot?
32
How many firestorms will be caused by the heat of the explosions?
33
This depends on many factors, from the materials the city is made of, to the time of the year, if a forest is nearby, and so on.
34
So just keep in mind, we're working with some assumptions.
35
Here's the good news.
36
Nuclear winter is not permanent, and definitely no new ice age.
37
The effects on the climate only last as long as the soot remains in the atmosphere, which is at most a decade or so until it clears out and temperatures normalize.
38
The bad news is that this causes almost immediate climate change within a few weeks.
39
It disrupts our climate system faster than any living being can adapt to.
40
In this new climate, our seasons are suddenly all wrong.
41
Winters are much longer, summers shorter and colder, or gone altogether.
42
This also means less evaporation over the oceans, which means less rain and maybe large -scale droughts.
43
This is bad because our food eats the sun.
44
Without good summers and enough rain, growing seasons shrink or even collapse.
45
The majority of humanity lives in an area called the mid -latitude, a strip of land that has the ideal temperature for our species.
46
Not just because it's not too hot or cold, it's also where the plants we eat grow best.
47
The vast majority of the food we eat stems from a few highly efficient crops
48
that are mostly produced in a few very agriculturally productive regions, like the US Great Plains or Ukraine.
49
From these bread and rice baskets of the world, they get traded and shipped around the world.
50
In the worst case of a full -scale nuclear war, the temperatures in the mid -latitudes will probably stay below freezing for several years.
51
Nothing at all can grow under these conditions, and the world's bread baskets would suddenly turn empty.
52
If food production crashes, the world's food producers would very likely ramp up prices or even stop selling food to other countries,
53
if they are still able to farm their fields at all.
54
It's easy to calculate how many people can be alive on Earth.
55
You take all the calories we can produce and divide them by what the average person needs to survive.
56
If you have more people than calories, then within a few weeks, you don't anymore.
57
Humanity has only a few weeks' supply of crops and food, not enough to survive this drastic drop in production
58
but the climate is not the only issue modern industrialized agriculture is a complex affair
59
that relies on functioning supply chains to provide unthinkable amounts of industrially produced fertilizer
60
and chemicals to kill weeds
61
and vermin massive numbers of specialized modern machinery is plowing sewing harvesting
62
and distributing after a nuclear war especially if the countries
63
that produce the food were part of the nuclear exchange there may simply be no more fuel, fertilizer, or machine parts, because there are no more oil refineries,
64
ports, and other essential infrastructure left, damaging global food production even more.
65
Okay, so now that we've set the stage, let's look at what science says about the actual wars that could happen.
66
Actual nuclear war.
67
Today, there are two main conflicts that scientists think about when making calculations of nuclear winter, a nuclear war between India and Pakistan, and one between the US and Russia.
68
The most likely smallish nuclear exchange would be fought today between India and Pakistan, with relatively low -yield weapons.
69
Even in a pretty mild nuclear war like this, the immediate explosions would kill around 27 million people, which is horrible enough.
70
In just a few hours, more people would die than in all of World War I.
71
The ensuing fires would not cause a nuclear winter, but a mild nuclear autumn.
72
But even this would disrupt the climate and thereby global agriculture, enough to starve up to 250 million people worldwide.
73
Unfortunately, India and Pakistan are in an arms race and have been increasing the number and power of warheads in their arsenal.
74
The next stage of escalation would be war with hundreds of nuclear weapons,
75
the bombs and fires destroying many major population centers and killing over 100 million people.
76
A war on this scale would cause a nuclear winter
77
that would damage global agriculture enough to cut the available calories for humanity in half.
78
The number of people that starve to death would be as high as 2 billion.
79
One in four humans alive today.
80
The worst -case scenario is a full -scale global war between NATO nations and Russia, or China, which also continues to build its nuclear arsenal.
81
In a war between a former, future and current superpower, thousands of nuclear weapons could be detonated.
82
In a scenario with around 4 ,400 nuclear weapons, 360 million people would perish right away.
83
We have no other event to even compare the death and destruction to.
84
It's like humanity dropping an asteroid on itself.
85
The nuclear wind that follows such an apocalyptic war would tank human calorie production by as much as 90%.
86
Not only would almost all of our agriculture take an immediate and deadly hit, the climate would take at least a decade to recover.
87
Because a war like this would specifically hit the world regions that produce most of the food for humanity, recovery will be much, much harder than with other conflicts.
88
Within two years, the global death toll from starvation could rise to about 5 billion.
89
In mid -latitude countries like Russia, China, Canada, the US and much of Europe, only a few percent of the population might survive.
90
Humanity will never be the same again.
91
While nowhere is truly safe, some nations in the Southern Hemisphere may fare well enough to endure while the rest of the world collapses.
92
All the nuclear weapon states are in the Northern Hemisphere, so a few countries like Australia, New Zealand
93
and Argentina may be able to endure for a bunch of
94
different reasons their nuclear winter would be milder they have a lot of livestock
95
that would not be as affected as crops
96
so they would probably stop exporting food
97
and focus on keeping their own people alive assuming they aren't
98
invaded for their food by other starving nations it's safe to say
99
that the world would become extremely unpleasant for a long time
100
and it's impossible to know how many people would have died
101
when the nuclear winter ends in the worst case human civilization could collapse
102
and the survivors would be thrown back thousands of years slowly trying to recover a world full of scars
103
and graves eventually when they've rebuilt civilization
104
would they ever build nuclear weapons again we know for sure
105
that we need to do anything we can to make sure
106
nuclear war never happens this video was supported by open philanthropy
107
if you want to know what you can do to reduce the risk of nuclear war, you can either support expert organizations or become a citizen expert yourself and learn more.
108
We've compiled a list of further reading and expert recommendations in the infobox and our sources doc for you.
109
Thank you so much for helping us clear out the Kurzgesagt Warehouse for our big move.
110
But, watch out, sometimes, creepy things are hiding behind those boxes.
111
Wild DREAD appears.
112
What will you do?
113
Quick, grab something from one of those boxes to defend yourself.
114
You used Awe.
115
It's very effective against DREAD.
116
Look, you've unlocked some amazing deals.
117
Save up to 50 % on awe -inspiring products at our biggest sale ever.
118
Some of our finest creations are eager to find a new home, like the Duck Plushie, our elaborately designed notebook series, and a few of our very best infographic posters.
119
The birds will be moving the last boxes to the new warehouse soon, so grab a notebook, plushie, pin, or poster before the moving sale ends,
120
or before Dredd gets a hold of them.
121
The birds really appreciate it.
122
Thank you.
アプリをダウンロード
流暢に話すために必要なすべて
AI発音採点文ごとに採点
IPA練習すべての音をマスター
単語学習自分の単語帳を作る
単語ゲーム遊びながら覚える
📺 同じチャンネル
B227
Your Skeleton Is Electric
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C1114
Could Humans Evolve Flight?
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B2133
Can Earth Run Out of Water?
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B232
Your Brain Peaked at Birth
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C135
Why Ebola Keeps Coming Back
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B27
3 Reasons Why Nuclear Energy Is Terrible! 2/3
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B21
Your Brain on Magic Mushrooms
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B2555
What If You Never Slept?
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B264
What the Flu Does to Your Body
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C19
Would You Upload Your Mind?
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
The Rise of the Machines – Why Automation is Different this Time
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B21
The Most Complex Language in the World
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B25
Let’s Steal a New Moon
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B2759
How Stress Changes Your Brain
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B21
3 Reasons Why Nuclear Energy Is Awesome! 3/3
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B252
Can We Stop the Extinction?
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B26
YOU Own the Moon. And Mars. And Venus.
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B2209
The True Cost of War
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B23
What Is Life? Is Death Real?
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C1149
How Antidepressants Work
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
✨ おすすめ動画
B232 文
Largest California wildfire of 2025 reaches "mega fire" status
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B22
143 文
The Man Who Survived Both Atomic Bombs
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B21
250 文
Solar Storm Could Black Out Half of America - This Map Shows Where
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B22
67 文
How to Survive WWIII
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B21
208 文
What If a Needle Hit The Earth At The Speed Of Light?
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B21
331 文
The Deadliest Wars in History
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B2240 文
War Update- US Helicopter CRASHES In Red Sea & Russian Oil Tanker ATTACKED! TOTAL GLOBAL OIL CRISIS
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
C12
65 文
Chernobyl (2019) It's not 3 roentgen its 15000
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B21
96 文
What Happened After the DEADLIEST Asteroid Hit Earth?
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B21
49 文
AI & Future Jobs: Skills You NEED Now!
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント
この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が122文、単語が1804語あります。 音声の長さは11:08です。 話す速さは1分あたり約162語で、日常会話に近い自然なペースです。 単語の82%は英語の頻出3,000語に含まれます。残りは練習の前に確認しておきましょう。
この動画の重要語彙
動画に出てくる覚えておきたい単語15語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。
| 単語 | 発音 | 意味 |
|---|---|---|
| humanity 名詞 | /hjuˈmænɪti/ | 人類 |
| cloud 名詞 | /ˈklaʊ̯d/ | 雲, 雲霞 |
| agriculture 名詞 | /ˈæɡ.ɹɪˌkʌl.t͡ʃɚ/ | 農業, 農耕 |
| destruction 名詞 | /dɪsˈtɹʌkʃən/ | 破壊, 破棄 |
| collapse 動詞 | /kəˈlæps/ | 潰える, 崩壊する |
| calorie 名詞 | /ˈkæləɹi/ | カロリー |
| explosion 名詞 | /ɛkˈsploʊ.ʒən/ | 爆発 |
| crop 名詞 | /kɹɑp/ | 作物 |
| mild 形容詞 | /ˈmaɪld/ | 穏やか, 緩やか |
| civilization 名詞 | /ˌsɪv.ɪ.laɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/ | 文明 |
| sunlight 名詞 | /ˈsʌnˌlaɪt/ | 日光, 太陽光 |
| latitude 名詞 | /ˈlætɪtud/ | 緯度, ラチチュード |
| starve 動詞 | /stɑɹv/ | 餓死する, 飢える |
| atmosphere 名詞 | /ˈætməsˌfɪɹ/ | 大気, 大気圏 |
| arsenal 名詞 | /ˈɑːsənəl/ | 兵器廠 |
動画に出てくる句動詞
| 単語 | 意味 |
|---|---|
| watch out | 気を付けて！ |
この動画の文法
話し手がよく使っている文型を、動画の実際の表現とともに紹介します。
| 文型 | 動画での表現 |
|---|---|
| 受動態 be + 過去分詞 — 誰がするかより、何が起きるかに焦点を当てる | is detonated · will be caused · is made |
| 現在完了形 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去の出来事が今も関係している | we've set · We've compiled · you've unlocked |
| 関係詞節 who / which + 節 — 人や物について情報を加える | atmosphere, which is · oceans, which means · people, which is |
注意したい発音
話し手はwe've, aren't, don'tなど、短縮形や弱形を7回使っています。聞こえたとおりの短い形で発音しましょう。
- 「th」の音: throne /θɹəʊ̯n/, altogether /ɔl.tuˈɡɛð.ɚ/, thereby /ðɛɹˈbaɪ/, philanthropy /fɪˈlæn.θɹə.pi/, unthinkable /ʌnˈθɪŋkəbəl/
- 「sh」と「zh」の音: destruction /dɪsˈtɹʌkʃən/, explosion /ɛkˈsploʊ.ʒən/, civilization /ˌsɪv.ɪ.laɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/, shock /ʃɔk/, wash /wɑʃ/
- 長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: humanity /hjuˈmænɪti/, agriculture /ˈæɡ.ɹɪˌkʌl.t͡ʃɚ/, civilization /ˌsɪv.ɪ.laɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/, infrastructure /ˈɪnfɹəˌstɹʌkt͡ʃə/, recommendation /ˌɹɛkəmɛnˈdeɪʃən/
この動画での練習方法
- まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
- まず0.75倍速で一文ずつシャドーイングし、慣れてきたら通常の速度に戻します。
- 自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。humanity, cloud, agricultureなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。