Pratica di Shadowing: What Happens AFTER Nuclear War? - Impara a parlare inglese con i video

Nuclear war would forever split human history into anything that happened before and the post -war apocalypse.

In the worst case, mass fires consume everything within tens of thousands of square kilometers, killing hundreds of millions within hours.

But the worst part comes after that.

Nuclear war could trigger a nuclear winter that might kill billions, maybe even completely collapsing our civilization.

how does it work and what would it look like fire causes winter

when a nuclear weapon is detonated a bubble of gas hotter than the sun is forced into existence so hot

that everything within kilometers immediately begins to burn the terror bubble

expands rapidly filling the sky over its target creating a devastating shock wave

that causes most of the immediate destruction basically you break a lot of stuff and set it on fire.

And in the worst case, this turns into a firestorm that consumes everything and everyone on the ground.

Right after the explosion, a gigantic mushroom cloud rises over the destruction like a demon throning over its perverse work.

But in the following hours, a far more deadly cloud forms.

The fire burning cities, forests, or fields heats up so much air that it creates its own microclimate and wind system.

Hot air and hot smoke rise, pulling in fresh air from the surroundings and fresh oxygen stoking the flames even more.

This creates an updraft and forms a colossal pyrocumulonimbus cloud

that carries the soot and aerosols from the flames high into the stratosphere.

Under normal conditions, the soot rising from a big fire is quickly washed out by rain.

But a pyrocumulonimbus cloud can reach altitudes well above the height where rain clouds form.

Once above the tropopores, there's simply no weather to remove soot from the atmosphere, so it can stay aloft for years.

If this happens to a single city, it's a tragedy, but a fairly local one.

But in a full -scale nuclear war, warring nations following the cold logic of mutually assured destruction could use hundreds or even thousands of nuclear weapons all at once,

creating hundreds of firestorms, sending up to 150 million tons of soot, a cube the size of a skyscraper, directly into the stratosphere.

In the next few days and weeks, the soot begins to blanket the Earth at high altitudes, absorbing light high above the ground and preventing sunlight from reaching the surface.

This is not like science fiction, where the sky turns dark and the sun disappears.

Winter is what happens when just a little less sunlight hits the ground, and now suddenly, a lot less sunlight gets through.

Yesterday, the world was normal.

Today, nuclear winter begins.

Winter causes hunger.

How bad nuclear winter would be is still an active area of research.

It all hinges on one thing.

How much stuff will burn really hot?

How many firestorms will be caused by the heat of the explosions?

This depends on many factors, from the materials the city is made of, to the time of the year, if a forest is nearby, and so on.

So just keep in mind, we're working with some assumptions.

Here's the good news.

Nuclear winter is not permanent, and definitely no new ice age.

The effects on the climate only last as long as the soot remains in the atmosphere, which is at most a decade or so until it clears out and temperatures normalize.

The bad news is that this causes almost immediate climate change within a few weeks.

It disrupts our climate system faster than any living being can adapt to.

In this new climate, our seasons are suddenly all wrong.

Winters are much longer, summers shorter and colder, or gone altogether.

This also means less evaporation over the oceans, which means less rain and maybe large -scale droughts.

This is bad because our food eats the sun.

Without good summers and enough rain, growing seasons shrink or even collapse.

The majority of humanity lives in an area called the mid -latitude, a strip of land that has the ideal temperature for our species.

Not just because it's not too hot or cold, it's also where the plants we eat grow best.

The vast majority of the food we eat stems from a few highly efficient crops

that are mostly produced in a few very agriculturally productive regions, like the US Great Plains or Ukraine.

From these bread and rice baskets of the world, they get traded and shipped around the world.

In the worst case of a full -scale nuclear war, the temperatures in the mid -latitudes will probably stay below freezing for several years.

Nothing at all can grow under these conditions, and the world's bread baskets would suddenly turn empty.

If food production crashes, the world's food producers would very likely ramp up prices or even stop selling food to other countries,

if they are still able to farm their fields at all.

It's easy to calculate how many people can be alive on Earth.

You take all the calories we can produce and divide them by what the average person needs to survive.

If you have more people than calories, then within a few weeks, you don't anymore.

Humanity has only a few weeks' supply of crops and food, not enough to survive this drastic drop in production

but the climate is not the only issue modern industrialized agriculture is a complex affair

that relies on functioning supply chains to provide unthinkable amounts of industrially produced fertilizer

and chemicals to kill weeds

and vermin massive numbers of specialized modern machinery is plowing sewing harvesting

and distributing after a nuclear war especially if the countries

that produce the food were part of the nuclear exchange there may simply be no more fuel, fertilizer, or machine parts, because there are no more oil refineries,

ports, and other essential infrastructure left, damaging global food production even more.

Okay, so now that we've set the stage, let's look at what science says about the actual wars that could happen.

Actual nuclear war.

Today, there are two main conflicts that scientists think about when making calculations of nuclear winter, a nuclear war between India and Pakistan, and one between the US and Russia.

The most likely smallish nuclear exchange would be fought today between India and Pakistan, with relatively low -yield weapons.

Even in a pretty mild nuclear war like this, the immediate explosions would kill around 27 million people, which is horrible enough.

In just a few hours, more people would die than in all of World War I.

The ensuing fires would not cause a nuclear winter, but a mild nuclear autumn.

But even this would disrupt the climate and thereby global agriculture, enough to starve up to 250 million people worldwide.

Unfortunately, India and Pakistan are in an arms race and have been increasing the number and power of warheads in their arsenal.

The next stage of escalation would be war with hundreds of nuclear weapons,

the bombs and fires destroying many major population centers and killing over 100 million people.

A war on this scale would cause a nuclear winter

that would damage global agriculture enough to cut the available calories for humanity in half.

The number of people that starve to death would be as high as 2 billion.

One in four humans alive today.

The worst -case scenario is a full -scale global war between NATO nations and Russia, or China, which also continues to build its nuclear arsenal.

In a war between a former, future and current superpower, thousands of nuclear weapons could be detonated.

In a scenario with around 4 ,400 nuclear weapons, 360 million people would perish right away.

We have no other event to even compare the death and destruction to.

It's like humanity dropping an asteroid on itself.

The nuclear wind that follows such an apocalyptic war would tank human calorie production by as much as 90%.

Not only would almost all of our agriculture take an immediate and deadly hit, the climate would take at least a decade to recover.

Because a war like this would specifically hit the world regions that produce most of the food for humanity, recovery will be much, much harder than with other conflicts.

Within two years, the global death toll from starvation could rise to about 5 billion.

In mid -latitude countries like Russia, China, Canada, the US and much of Europe, only a few percent of the population might survive.

Humanity will never be the same again.

While nowhere is truly safe, some nations in the Southern Hemisphere may fare well enough to endure while the rest of the world collapses.

All the nuclear weapon states are in the Northern Hemisphere, so a few countries like Australia, New Zealand

and Argentina may be able to endure for a bunch of

different reasons their nuclear winter would be milder they have a lot of livestock

that would not be as affected as crops

so they would probably stop exporting food

and focus on keeping their own people alive assuming they aren't

invaded for their food by other starving nations it's safe to say

that the world would become extremely unpleasant for a long time

100

and it's impossible to know how many people would have died

101

when the nuclear winter ends in the worst case human civilization could collapse

102

and the survivors would be thrown back thousands of years slowly trying to recover a world full of scars

103

and graves eventually when they've rebuilt civilization

104

would they ever build nuclear weapons again we know for sure

105

that we need to do anything we can to make sure

106

nuclear war never happens this video was supported by open philanthropy

107

if you want to know what you can do to reduce the risk of nuclear war, you can either support expert organizations or become a citizen expert yourself and learn more.

108

We've compiled a list of further reading and expert recommendations in the infobox and our sources doc for you.

109

Thank you so much for helping us clear out the Kurzgesagt Warehouse for our big move.

110

But, watch out, sometimes, creepy things are hiding behind those boxes.

111

Wild DREAD appears.

112

What will you do?

113

Quick, grab something from one of those boxes to defend yourself.

114

You used Awe.

115

It's very effective against DREAD.

116

Look, you've unlocked some amazing deals.

117

Save up to 50 % on awe -inspiring products at our biggest sale ever.

118

Some of our finest creations are eager to find a new home, like the Duck Plushie, our elaborately designed notebook series, and a few of our very best infographic posters.

119

The birds will be moving the last boxes to the new warehouse soon, so grab a notebook, plushie, pin, or poster before the moving sale ends,

120

or before Dredd gets a hold of them.

121

The birds really appreciate it.

122

Thank you.

📺 Stesso Canale

Parola	Pronuncia	Significato
humanity sostantivo	/hjuˈmænɪti/	umanità
cloud sostantivo	/ˈklaʊ̯d/	nuvola, nube
agriculture sostantivo	/ˈæɡ.ɹɪˌkʌl.t͡ʃɚ/	agricoltura
destruction sostantivo	/dɪsˈtɹʌkʃən/	distruzione
collapse verbo	/kəˈlæps/	collassare, crollare
calorie sostantivo	/ˈkæləɹi/	caloria
explosion sostantivo	/ɛkˈsploʊ.ʒən/	esplosione, scoppio
crop sostantivo	/kɹɑp/	coltura, messe
mild aggettivo	/ˈmaɪld/	delicato, delicata
civilization sostantivo	/ˌsɪv.ɪ.laɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/	civiltà
sunlight sostantivo	/ˈsʌnˌlaɪt/	luce solare
latitude sostantivo	/ˈlætɪtud/	latitudine
starve verbo	/stɑɹv/	morire di fame
atmosphere sostantivo	/ˈætməsˌfɪɹ/	atmosfera
arsenal sostantivo	/ˈɑːsənəl/	arsenale, deposito armi

Parola	Pronuncia	Significato
get through verbo	/ɡɛt ˈθɹu/	superare, farcela
heat up verbo		scaldare
watch out		attenzione!

Struttura	Nel video
Forma passiva be + participio passato — conta ciò che accade, non chi lo fa	is detonated · will be caused · is made
Present perfect have/has + participio passato — un’azione passata che conta ancora adesso	we've set · We've compiled · you've unlocked
Frasi relative who / which + frase — un’informazione in più su una persona o una cosa	atmosphere, which is · oceans, which means · people, which is

Pratica di Shadowing: What Happens AFTER Nuclear War? - Impara a parlare inglese con i video

Your Skeleton Is Electric

Could Humans Evolve Flight?

Can Earth Run Out of Water?

Your Brain Peaked at Birth

Why Ebola Keeps Coming Back

What If You Never Slept?

3 Reasons Why Nuclear Energy Is Terrible! 2/3

Would You Upload Your Mind?

Your Brain on Magic Mushrooms

What the Flu Does to Your Body

Is War Over? — A Paradox Explained

How ADHD Medication Works

The Most Complex Language in the World

Let’s Steal a New Moon

How Stress Changes Your Brain

3 Reasons Why Nuclear Energy Is Awesome! 3/3

Can We Stop the Extinction?

YOU Own the Moon. And Mars. And Venus.

The True Cost of War

What Is Life? Is Death Real?

What if We Nuke a City?

How Often do Asteroids Hit the Earth?: Crash Course Geology #20

The Megatsunami That Struck the Entire Planet

Radioactive Waste - The Journey to Disposal

Chernobyl (2019) It's not 3 roentgen its 15000

The Truth About Nuclear Energy

The Most Ridiculous War Humans Ever Fought

What If Russia Started World War 3?

Как мир сходил с ума | История Второй мировой (Eng sub)

What Did Ancient Humans Do at Night?

When Heat Becomes "Unsurvivable": How Do We Adapt? | CNA Correspondent

Vocabolario e note di pronuncia per questa lezione

Vocaboli chiave di questo video

I phrasal verb che sentirai

La grammatica di questo video

Pronuncia a cui fare attenzione

Come esercitarsi con questo video

Cos'è la tecnica dello Shadowing?