シャドーイング練習: How Does This Stuff Make Sound??? - YouTubeで英語スピーキングを学ぶ
B1
Record players were way ahead of their time.
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Record players were way ahead of their time.
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Everyone knows that the sound comes from the grooves,
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but how on earth can a groove in a plastic frisbee generate the sweet ear nectar that is yellow submarine?
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It's because sound is just vibration.
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Say you were to speak into a big horn that had a stretched out balloon at the end.
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That stretched out balloon is going to vibrate along when you speak into said horn.
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And that vibration is the same vibration your eardrum makes to let you hear sound.
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So say you then taped a pencil that would vibrate with the balloon.
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If I put a piece of paper against the pencil,
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you'd see something like this.
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Useless scribbles.
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Now, if I move the piece of paper at a constant pace, you'd see this.
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Slightly less useless scribbles.
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Congratulations, you just recorded your voice.
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Good job.
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That scribble on your piece of paper is the sound waves,
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or vibration, that you were making by speaking into the horn.
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But, there's no way to play it back.
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It's literally just a piece of paper.
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Only what if it wasn't?
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What if, instead of making a 2D line,
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we make a 3D line?
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And that's what these guys did back in the 1800s.
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The gramophone.
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Say Lady Gaga sings into a big horn that would focus and direct the sound onto a diaphragm,
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which is essentially just a fancy stretched out balloon from before.
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The diaphragm would vibrate, and attached to the diaphragm would be a stylus
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or needle that would cut these vibrations into a wax record,
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creating a 3D line with bumps and valleys.
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If you take that wax record and put it through a chemical bath,
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you'll have a metal record.
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You can then use that metal record as a stamp on old plastic frisbees.
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Now we have a record,
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but the question still stands.
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How does it play music?
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You actually literally just do everything backwards.
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First, start spinning the disc at the same speed you spun the wax record when recording.
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Then, drop the needle into the groove.
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The bumps and valleys are going to cause
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that needle to make the exact same vibrations as the needle that recorded the original sound.
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And just like how you record the original sound,
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the needle is connected to a diaphragm.
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And that diaphragm is going to make the exact same vibration as the original recording.
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And vibration is sound.
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So all we need to do is amplify that vibration by adding a comically big horn,
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and you'll get the exact same sound made by Lady Gaga.
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But modern records don't use big horns.
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So how does that work?
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Well, modern record players are a little bit more digital.
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Instead of a horn, It's a speaker and instead of a flimsy balloon,
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it's a copper coil vibrating in between two magnets.
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As the copper coil moves between the two magnets,
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it makes electricity that goes to a speaker, creating sound.
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But it's the 80s and only losers use vinyl anymore.
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The cassette tape.
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Now what sort of sorcery is used to put Michael Jackson into this measly piece of black scotch tape?
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Magnets.
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The answer is magnets.
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In fact, the actual process is kind of just a futuristic magnetic version of a vinyl.
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Step one, record some music.
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Say you're Michael Jackson.
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As Michael Jackson, you aren't going to sing into some big horn.
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You're going to sing into a microphone.
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How can a microphone capture your hee-hees and ha-has?
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Well, let's get it open.
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Inside of the microphone, you'll find a diaphragm that vibrates when you speak into it,
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just like the balloon.
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The diaphragm is either connected to a copper coil,
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kind of like the record player where the sound vibrates the coil,
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sending different strengths of electricity,
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or the diaphragm is connected to a capacitor,
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which is basically just a fancy plate.
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As you speak, the diaphragm moves,
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and this vibration changes the distance,
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causing a change in stored energy,
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resulting again in different strengths of electricity.
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Step 2.
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Magnets.
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So now we have electricity.
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How does that help?
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Well, it's easier to think of the electricity as the pencil in our original example.
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And that makes the magnetic tape the paper.
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The recording head is the point of contact.
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The different strengths of electricity make changes to the magnetic fields on the tape's surface.
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This creates a little pattern of magnetization that almost exactly replicates the original sound wave.
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But how do we read said magnetization?
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Well, just like before, it's the same process, but backwards.
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Get your tape into a boombox and there will be a playback head there too.
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As the tape passes over the playback head,
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the changes in the magnetic field on the tape make an electric signal.
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This is the same electric signal that was made when recording.
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The electricity is sent to a speaker,
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which has a diaphragm just like the microphone,
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creating a big ol' vibration.
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And thus, you hear the sweet harmony that is Michael Jackson.
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But nobody listens to Michael Jackson,
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because he is just so 10 years ago.
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Welcome to the 90s.
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Now, instead of a Frisbee or Scotch tape,
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we use a fat glorified ring.
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To record sound onto this fat ring,
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we use a microphone that works the same way as before,
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except this time we take that electricity and convert it into ones and zeros that represent the original sound wave.
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And that's a lot of words,
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so how the freak do we do that?
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By looking at the voltage.
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For example, if the voltage is this high,
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we give it a one.
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If it's this low, we give it a zero.
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Now using a teeny laser,
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we put these ones and zeros on a disc,
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where pit represents a and an untouched land represents a zero.
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But these pits and lands are so small, the disc seems smooth.
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Now if you put this disc into your crusty 1992 Honda Accord,
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it's going to read it also with a laser.
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This laser bounces off the CD.
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If there's a pit, it bounces a bit differently and writes down a one.
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If there's a land, it bounces the same and writes down a zero.
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But how do these ones and zeros magically become music?
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Again, same thing, but backwards.
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First, we use a digital to analog converter,
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but you can just call them DAC will generate a certain
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amount of electricity depending on whether it reads a 1 or 0.
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This creates the same electric stream that was in the microphone when originally recording.
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And just like before, the electric stream is sent to a speaker,
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which has a diaphragm that vibrates depending on how much electricity it receives,
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creating weak knees, heavy arms, and mom's spaghetti.
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And all that information is actually not free.
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It's gonna cost you one subscribe,
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and I'm just gonna flip this around.
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It's gonna ask you a couple questions.
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You know, we appreciate tips in the form of a like,
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comments even if you feel that.
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このレッスンについて
このレッスンでは、音がどのようにして発生するのか、特にレコードプレーヤーについて学びます。音の振動のメカニズムや、録音と再生の過程に焦点を当て、英語の語彙や表現を強化します。この内容は、YouTubeで英語学習にとって非常に有益であり、特に英語スピーキング練習やIELTS スピーキング対策をしている方々に最適です。学びながら音の仕組みを深く理解することで、英語力の向上を図りましょう。
重要な語彙とフレーズ
- 振動 (vibration) - 音の原因となるものです。
- 膜 (diaphragm) - 音を記録する際に使われる部品。
- 針 (stylus) - 音の振動を記録するための道具。
- レコード (record) - 音を記録した媒体。
- 音波 (sound waves) - 音の伝達に関わる波。
- グルーブ (groove) - レコードの中にある溝。
- 再生 (playback) - 録音した音を再度聞くこと。
- 音楽 (music) - 人々に感動を与える音の組み合わせ。
練習のヒント
英語のシャドーイングを行う際には、動画の速度とトーンに注意を払いましょう。この動画には音の解説が含まれており、特にゆっくりとしたペースで説明される部分があります。動画を流しながら、話者の後に続いて音声を模倣してください。これは英語シャドーイングやshadowing siteを活用して、発音やリズムを習得するのに役立ちます。また、重要な語彙やフレーズを何度も繰り返し練習することで、より自然な会話ができるようになるでしょう。振動の理論を理解しながら、実際の英語の運用能力を高めていきましょう。
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。