跟读练习: How Does This Stuff Make Sound??? - 通过YouTube学习英语口语
B1
Record players were way ahead of their time.
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Record players were way ahead of their time.
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Everyone knows that the sound comes from the grooves,
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but how on earth can a groove in a plastic frisbee generate the sweet ear nectar that is yellow submarine?
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It's because sound is just vibration.
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Say you were to speak into a big horn that had a stretched out balloon at the end.
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That stretched out balloon is going to vibrate along when you speak into said horn.
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And that vibration is the same vibration your eardrum makes to let you hear sound.
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So say you then taped a pencil that would vibrate with the balloon.
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If I put a piece of paper against the pencil,
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you'd see something like this.
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Useless scribbles.
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Now, if I move the piece of paper at a constant pace, you'd see this.
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Slightly less useless scribbles.
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Congratulations, you just recorded your voice.
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Good job.
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That scribble on your piece of paper is the sound waves,
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or vibration, that you were making by speaking into the horn.
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But, there's no way to play it back.
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It's literally just a piece of paper.
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Only what if it wasn't?
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What if, instead of making a 2D line,
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we make a 3D line?
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And that's what these guys did back in the 1800s.
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The gramophone.
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Say Lady Gaga sings into a big horn that would focus and direct the sound onto a diaphragm,
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which is essentially just a fancy stretched out balloon from before.
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The diaphragm would vibrate, and attached to the diaphragm would be a stylus
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or needle that would cut these vibrations into a wax record,
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creating a 3D line with bumps and valleys.
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If you take that wax record and put it through a chemical bath,
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you'll have a metal record.
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You can then use that metal record as a stamp on old plastic frisbees.
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Now we have a record,
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but the question still stands.
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How does it play music?
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You actually literally just do everything backwards.
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First, start spinning the disc at the same speed you spun the wax record when recording.
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Then, drop the needle into the groove.
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The bumps and valleys are going to cause
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that needle to make the exact same vibrations as the needle that recorded the original sound.
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And just like how you record the original sound,
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the needle is connected to a diaphragm.
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And that diaphragm is going to make the exact same vibration as the original recording.
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And vibration is sound.
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So all we need to do is amplify that vibration by adding a comically big horn,
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and you'll get the exact same sound made by Lady Gaga.
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But modern records don't use big horns.
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So how does that work?
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Well, modern record players are a little bit more digital.
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Instead of a horn, It's a speaker and instead of a flimsy balloon,
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it's a copper coil vibrating in between two magnets.
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As the copper coil moves between the two magnets,
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it makes electricity that goes to a speaker, creating sound.
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But it's the 80s and only losers use vinyl anymore.
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The cassette tape.
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Now what sort of sorcery is used to put Michael Jackson into this measly piece of black scotch tape?
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Magnets.
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The answer is magnets.
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In fact, the actual process is kind of just a futuristic magnetic version of a vinyl.
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Step one, record some music.
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Say you're Michael Jackson.
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As Michael Jackson, you aren't going to sing into some big horn.
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You're going to sing into a microphone.
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How can a microphone capture your hee-hees and ha-has?
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Well, let's get it open.
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Inside of the microphone, you'll find a diaphragm that vibrates when you speak into it,
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just like the balloon.
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The diaphragm is either connected to a copper coil,
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kind of like the record player where the sound vibrates the coil,
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sending different strengths of electricity,
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or the diaphragm is connected to a capacitor,
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which is basically just a fancy plate.
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As you speak, the diaphragm moves,
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and this vibration changes the distance,
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causing a change in stored energy,
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resulting again in different strengths of electricity.
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Step 2.
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Magnets.
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So now we have electricity.
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How does that help?
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Well, it's easier to think of the electricity as the pencil in our original example.
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And that makes the magnetic tape the paper.
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The recording head is the point of contact.
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The different strengths of electricity make changes to the magnetic fields on the tape's surface.
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This creates a little pattern of magnetization that almost exactly replicates the original sound wave.
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But how do we read said magnetization?
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Well, just like before, it's the same process, but backwards.
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Get your tape into a boombox and there will be a playback head there too.
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As the tape passes over the playback head,
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the changes in the magnetic field on the tape make an electric signal.
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This is the same electric signal that was made when recording.
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The electricity is sent to a speaker,
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which has a diaphragm just like the microphone,
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creating a big ol' vibration.
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And thus, you hear the sweet harmony that is Michael Jackson.
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But nobody listens to Michael Jackson,
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because he is just so 10 years ago.
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Welcome to the 90s.
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Now, instead of a Frisbee or Scotch tape,
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we use a fat glorified ring.
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To record sound onto this fat ring,
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we use a microphone that works the same way as before,
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except this time we take that electricity and convert it into ones and zeros that represent the original sound wave.
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And that's a lot of words,
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so how the freak do we do that?
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By looking at the voltage.
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For example, if the voltage is this high,
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we give it a one.
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If it's this low, we give it a zero.
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Now using a teeny laser,
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we put these ones and zeros on a disc,
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where pit represents a and an untouched land represents a zero.
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But these pits and lands are so small, the disc seems smooth.
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Now if you put this disc into your crusty 1992 Honda Accord,
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it's going to read it also with a laser.
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This laser bounces off the CD.
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If there's a pit, it bounces a bit differently and writes down a one.
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If there's a land, it bounces the same and writes down a zero.
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But how do these ones and zeros magically become music?
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Again, same thing, but backwards.
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First, we use a digital to analog converter,
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but you can just call them DAC will generate a certain
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amount of electricity depending on whether it reads a 1 or 0.
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This creates the same electric stream that was in the microphone when originally recording.
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And just like before, the electric stream is sent to a speaker,
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which has a diaphragm that vibrates depending on how much electricity it receives,
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creating weak knees, heavy arms, and mom's spaghetti.
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And all that information is actually not free.
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It's gonna cost you one subscribe,
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and I'm just gonna flip this around.
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It's gonna ask you a couple questions.
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You know, we appreciate tips in the form of a like,
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comments even if you feel that.
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背景与前情提要
在这段视频中，讲解者深入探讨了声音的产生原理，尤其是黑胶唱片和现代播放设备如何运作。从最初的喇叭和伸展的气球，到如今的数字播放器，声音的传播在技术上经历了巨大变迁。这不仅有助于理解音乐背后的科学，也为英语学习者提供了一个练习发音和沟通的机会。通过了解具体的录音和播放过程，学习者可以更轻松地掌握音调和音色，从而提高英语发音。
日常交流的五个常用短语
- 声音是震动 - The sound is vibration
- 记录你的声音 - Record your voice
- 让音调回到原来的状态 - Bring the pitch back to the original
- 添加增益 - Add amplification
- 使振动可被听见 - Make the vibrations audible
逐步跟读指导
为了有效地掌握这段视频所介绍的内容，您可以采用英语影子跟读的技巧。这种方法特别适合那些希望提高发音和流利度的学习者。以下是一些逐步指南，帮助您更好地进行shadow speech练习：
- 播放视频，仔细听每个句子和短语，尤其是上述的五个短语。
- 暂停视频，尝试复述每个短语，注意语调和重音。
- 重复几次，直到您能够流利地说出这些短语。
- 将录音功能打开，记录自己的声音，并与视频中的声音进行对比。
- 通过调整发音来减少差距，持续进行英语影子跟读练习，直到您满意为止。
使用这个方法，您可以在shadowing site上找到更多相关资源和视频，进一步提升自己的听说能力。记住，持续练习和细致模仿是克服发音障碍的关键！
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。