シャドーイング練習: How reading changes the way your brain works - BBC World Service - YouTubeで英語スピーキングを学ぶ
C2
Clicking on this video activated circuits in your brain that took thousands of years to develop the ones required for reading.
45 文
文が短すぎたり長すぎる場合は、Editをタップして調整してください。
1
Clicking on this video activated circuits in your brain that took thousands of years to develop the ones required for reading.
2
We think of language as natural and reading is written language, so it must be natural. But it isn't.
3
It isn't natural at all.
4
Scientific studies indicate that a neurotypical brain is born with the circuitry that allows our eyes to see and our vocal cords to produce sounds, but it doesn't innately have the ability to read.
5
From an evolutionary time scale, our brain hasn't had enough time to develop a dedicated reading brain.
6
And so to build a reading brain network, we co-opt parts of the brain involved in vision and auditory processing, and language and attention and affect.
7
The Sumerian cuneiform symbols are thought to be one of the earliest writing systems in the world, dating back to around 3300 BC.
8
Around the same time, though, Egyptians started developing their hieroglyphics.
9
Symbols evolved over time.
10
The more we read and wrote, the more sophisticated they became becoming the letters and characters we recognise today.
11
Scientists now know that reading activates the brain so that letters and words become associated with sounds and meanings.
12
Reading is really a whole brain process.
13
It involves activation and all four lobes of the cortex.
14
The process of developing a reading brain alters everything from brain activity to brain structure and brain connectivity.
15
And the language we read also shapes our brain.
16
Chinese characters, for instance, are an example of the logographic system.
17
Each object or idea is represented by a symbol rather than by a set of letters of the alphabet.
18
Research indicates that learning logographic writing systems activates different areas of the brain than learning an alphabet-based language like English.
19
The areas involved in visual memory and visual association do more of the work.
20
This theory was corroborated after scientists studied a bilingual patient who knew both Chinese and English.
21
The man suffered a massive stroke, which affected some areas of his brain, including his ability to read Chinese, but astonishingly, his proficiency in English remained intact.
22
It's a beautiful example of how the brain circuit reflects the requirements of Chinese, which inevitably means more visual memory and visual processing of those beautifully intricate symbols or characters.
23
Whatever the language, reading not only impacts the brain, but it also affects us on a physical level.
24
We might feel in our guts the nervousness or the pain of a character.
25
And I mean that not only like I feel it inside me, but I mean that literally.
26
Like the anterior insula, which is responsible for gastromotoric movement for feelings of nausea and pain and discomfort is also the part of the brain that's associated with many of the empathic processes.
27
And the brain is very adaptable.
28
Evidence suggests that it's already changing as a result of new technologies.
29
Reading on a phone or tablet is generally passive scrolling, often interrupted by messages and alerts.
30
When we read on screens, we tend to skim, and when we skim, we're more susceptible to misinformation.
31
We need to support individuals in being able to think critically about the things that they're reading, because that's fundamental to a democracy is our ability to analyse and think deeply about the information that's that we're consuming.
32
Some academic research even suggests that children who use cell phones from an early age perform worse in school later in life.
33
At eight years of age, the amount of digital exposure predicted their attentional executive function processing and academic performance.
34
And it's a negative. The more digital, the worse academic.
35
If you can imagine if that brain is constantly being distracted and hyper stimulated, you're going to have them not able to really move from one stimulus to the next without a desire for ever quicker intervals between stimuli.
36
So then you have kids going offline and saying they're bored.
37
It's a relatively new field of research, and some studies suggest that monitored and education-focused screen time can be beneficial to children.
38
For parents concerned about navigating the digital world, the advice is to go back to basics.
39
The antidote to all that's happening is the simplest, most beautiful one, and that is to have our children immersed in reading and have a reading life.
40
Our parents and teachers all have to help, you know, they have to model, they have to read to their child.
41
They have to love it themselves.
42
And this is likely to have benefits beyond the individual reader.
43
The power of deep reading is really fundamental to our humanity.
44
When we read deeply, we change our brains and we change who we are.
45
And that process of changing the minds and hearts of individuals changes society and allows us to build bigger, more beautiful futures.
アプリをダウンロード
話したすべての文をAIが採点
TRENDING
人気動画
コンテキストと背景
このビデオでは、読書が脳の働きにどのように影響するかについて説明されています。著者は、読書が自然な行為ではなく、実は何千年もの間にわたって進化してきた脳の回路の結果であると指摘しています。彼は、言語が自然であると考えがちな私たちに、読書が脳の全体的なプロセスであることを伝えています。具体的には、視覚や聴覚、言語、注意、感情に関わる脳の部分がいかにして共存しているかが述べられています。この知識は、英語学習の文脈でも非常に重要です。
日常会話のためのトップ5フレーズ
- When we read, we activate our brain.（読むと脳が活性化されます。）
- Reading is a whole brain process.（読書は脳全体を使うプロセスです。）
- Different languages change how our brains work.（異なる言語は脳の働きに影響を与えます。）
- We need to think critically about our reading.（読書に対して批判的に考える必要があります。）
- Deep reading can change who we are.（深い読書は私たちを変えることができます。）
ステップバイステップのシャドーイングガイド
このビデオの難易度を克服するための具体的な手順を以下に示します。まず、YouTubeで英語学習を活用して、ビデオを視聴しましょう。初めは字幕をオンにして、内容を理解しながら視聴します。次に、英語シャドーイングを行います。以下のステップに従ってください：
- ビデオを一時停止し、文を静かに声に出して読む。
- 再生し、発音やリズムをつかむことを意識しながら繰り返す。
- 難しいフレーズは何度も巻き戻し、shadow speakを続ける。
- 脳の回路についての理解を深め、語彙を広げるために、具体的なフレーズに焦点をあてます。
- 最後に、自分の感想や学びを日記などに書き留め、IELTS スピーキング対策にもつなげる。
このプロセスを繰り返すことで、リスニング能力が向上し、英語力が飛躍的にアップします。
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。