シャドーイング練習: The most important lesson from 83,000 brain scans | Daniel Amen | TEDxOrangeCoast - YouTubeで英語スピーキングを学ぶ
C2
Reviewer Gopal In this talk,
⏸ 一時停止中
再生速度:
すべての文176 文
文が短すぎたり長すぎる場合は、Editをタップして調整してください。
1
Reviewer Gopal In this talk,
2
I'm going to give you the single most important lesson my colleagues and I have learned from looking at 83,000 brain scans.
3
But first, let me put the lesson into context.
4
I am in the middle of seven children.
5
Growing up, my father called me a maverick,
6
which to him was not a good thing.
7
In 1972, the Army called my number,
8
and I was trained as an infantry medic,
9
where my love of medicine was born.
10
But since I truly hated the idea of being shot at,
11
or sleeping in the mud,
12
I got myself retrained as an X-ray technician and developed a passion for medical imaging.
13
As our professors used to say,
14
how do you know unless you look?
15
In 1979, when I was a second-year medical student,
16
someone in my family became seriously suicidal,
17
and I took her to see a wonderful psychiatrist.
18
Over time, I realized that if he helped her,
19
which he did, it would not only save her life,
20
but it would also help her children and even her future grandchildren
21
as they would be shaped by someone who is happier and more stable.
22
I fell in love with psychiatry because I realized it had the potential to change generations of people.
23
In 1991, I went to my first lecture on brain SPECT imaging.
24
SPECT is a nuclear medicine study that looks at blood flow and activity.
25
It looks at how your brain works.
26
SPECT was presented as a tool to help psychiatrists get more information to help their patients.
27
In that one lecture, my two professional loves,
28
medical imaging and psychiatry, came together and quite honestly revolutionized my life Over the next 22 years,
29
my colleagues and I would build the world's largest database of brain scans related to behavior on patients from 93 countries.
30
SPECT basically tells us three things about the brain.
31
Good activity, too little or too much.
32
Here is a set of healthy SPECT scans.
33
The image on the left shows the outside surface of the brain,
34
and a healthy scan shows full, even, symmetrical activity.
35
The color is not important,
36
it's the shape that matters.
37
In the image on the right,
38
red equals the areas of high activity,
39
and in a healthy brain,
40
they're typically in the back part of the brain.
41
Here is a healthy scan compared to someone who had two strokes.
42
You can see the holes of activity.
43
Here's what Alzheimer's looks like,
44
where the back half of the brain is deteriorating.
45
Did you know that Alzheimer's disease actually starts in the brain 30 to 50 years before you have any symptoms?
46
Here's a scan of traumatic brain injury.
47
Your brain is soft and your skull is really hard.
48
Or drug abuse.
49
The real reason not to use drugs?
50
They damage your brain.
51
Obsessive compulsive disorder where the front part of the brain typically works too hard so that people cannot turn off their thoughts.
52
And epilepsy where we we frequently see areas of increased activity.
53
In 1992, I went to an all-day conference on brain SPECT imaging.
54
It was amazing and mirrored our own early experience using SPECT in psychiatry.
55
But at that same meeting,
56
researchers started to complain loudly that clinical psychiatrists like me should not be doing scans,
57
that they were only for their research.
58
Being a maverick and having clinical experience,
59
I thought that was a really dumb idea.
60
Without imaging, psychiatrists then and even now make diagnoses like they did in 1840 when Abraham Lincoln was depressed
61
by talking to people and looking for symptom clusters.
62
Imogene was showing us there was a better way.
63
Did you know that psychiatrists are the only medical specialists that virtually never look at the organ they treat?
64
Think about it.
65
Cardiologists look, neurologists look, orthopedic doctors look,
66
virtually every other medical specialty's look.
67
psychiatrist gets.
68
Before imaging, I always felt like I was throwing darts in the dark at my patients and had hurt some of them,
69
which horrified me.
70
There is a reason that most psychiatric medications have black box warnings.
71
Give them to the wrong person and you can precipitate a disaster.
72
Early on our imaging work taught us many important lessons such as illnesses like ADHD,
73
anxiety, depression and addictions are not single or simple disorders in the brain.
74
They all have multiple types.
75
For example, here are two patients who have been diagnosed with major depression
76
that had virtually the same symptoms yet radically different brains.
77
One had really low activity in the brain,
78
the other one had really high activity.
79
How would you ever know what to do for them unless you actually looked?
80
It needs to be tailored to individual brains, not clusters of symptoms.
81
Our imaging work also taught us
82
that mild traumatic brain injury was a major cause of psychiatric illness
83
that ruined people's lives and virtually no one knew about it because they would seize psychiatrists for things like temper problems,
84
anxiety, depression, insomnia and they would never look so they would never know.
85
Here's a scan of a 15 year old boy who fell down a flight of stairs at the age of three.
86
And even though he was unconscious for only a few minutes,
87
There was nothing mild about the enduring effect that injury had on this boy's life.
88
When I met him at the age of 15,
89
he had just been kicked out of his third residential treatment program for violence.
90
He needed a brain rehabilitation program,
91
not just more medication thrown at him in the dark or behavior therapy,
92
which if you think about it, is really cruel.
93
To put him on a behavior therapy program when behavior is really an expression of the problem,
94
it's not the problem.
95
Researchers have found that undiagnosed brain injuries are a major cause of homelessness,
96
alcohol abuse, depression, panic attacks, ADHD, and suicide.
97
We are in for a pending disaster with the hundreds of thousands of soldiers coming back from Iraq and Afghanistan,
98
and virtually no one is looking at the function of their brain.
99
As we continued our work with SPECT,
100
the criticism grew louder, but so did the lessons.
101
Judges and defense attorneys sought our help to understand criminal behavior.
102
To date, we have scanned over 500 convicted felons, including 90 murderers.
103
Our work taught us that people who do bad things often have troubled brains.
104
That was not a surprise.
105
But what did surprise us was that many of these brains could be rehabilitated.
106
So here's a radical idea.
107
What if we evaluated and treated troubled brains rather than simply warehousing them in toxic, stressful environments?
108
In my experience, we could save tremendous amounts of money by making these people more functional,
109
so when they left prison,
110
they could work, support their families, and pay taxes.
111
Dostoevsky once said, a society should be judged not by how well it treats its outstanding citizens,
112
but by how it treats its criminals.
113
Instead of just crime and punishment,
114
we should be thinking about crime evaluation and treatment.
115
So after 22 years and 83,000 scans,
116
the single most important lesson my colleagues and I have learned is that you can literally change people's brains.
117
And when you do, you change their life.
118
You are not stuck with the brain you have.
119
You can make it better,
120
and we can prove it.
121
My colleagues and I performed the first and largest study on active and retired NFL players,
122
showing high levels of damage in these players at a time when the NFL said they didn't know
123
if playing football caused long-term brain damage.
124
The fact was they didn't want to know.
125
That was not a surprise.
126
I think if you get most thoughtful nine-year-olds together and you talk about
127
the brain is soft about the consistency of soft butter,
128
it's housed in a really hard skull that has many sharp bony ridges,
129
you know, 28 out of 39 year olds would go,
130
probably a bad idea for your life.
131
But what really got us excited was the second part of
132
the study where we put players on a brain smart program
133
and demonstrated that 80% of them could improve in the areas of blood flow,
134
memory, and mood, that you are not stuck with the brain you have.
135
You can make it better on a Brain Smart program.
136
How exciting is that?
137
I am so excited.
138
Reversing brain damage is a very exciting new frontier,
139
but the implications are really much wider.
140
Here is the scan of a teenage girl who has ADHD,
141
who was cutting herself, failing in school,
142
and fighting with her parents.
143
When we improved her brain,
144
she went from D's and F's to A's and B's and was much more emotionally stable.
145
Here's a scan of Nancy.
146
Nancy had been diagnosed with dementia,
147
and her doctor told her husband that he should find a home for her because within a year,
148
she would not know his name.
149
But on an intensive brain rehabilitation program,
150
Nancy's brain was better, as was her memory.
151
And four years later, Nancy still knows her husband's name.
152
Or my favorite story to illustrate this point is Andrew,
153
a nine-year-old boy who attacked a little girl on the baseball field for no particular reason,
154
and at the time was drawing pictures of himself hanging from a tree and shooting other children.
155
Andrew was Columbine, Aurora, and Sandy Hook waiting to happen.
156
Most psychiatrists would have medicated Andrew as they did Eric Harris
157
and the other mass shooters before they committed their awful crimes
158
but SPECT imaging taught me that I had to look at his brain
159
and not throw darts in the dark at him to understand
160
what he needed his SPECT scan showed a cyst the size
161
of a golf ball occupying the space of his left him for love.
162
No amount of medication or therapy would have helped Andrew.
163
When the cyst was removed,
164
his behavior completely went back to normal,
165
and he became the sweet,
166
loving boy he always wanted to be.
167
Now 18 years later, Andrew,
168
who is my nephew, owns his own home,
169
is employed, and pays taxes.
170
because someone bothered to look at his brain.
171
He has been a better son and will be a better husband, father, and grandfather.
172
When you have the privilege of changing someone's brain,
173
you not only change his or her life,
174
you have the opportunity to change generations to come.
175
I'm Dr. Daniel Amen.
176
Thank you.
アプリをダウンロード
話したすべての文をAIが採点
TRENDING
人気動画
App StoreとGoogle Playで4.9/5
Shadowing English
モバイル版
Shadowing Englishアプリでいつでもどこでも英語を学びましょう。 今すぐコミュニケーションスキルを向上させましょう！
学習の進捗を追跡する
AIによる採点とエラー修正
豊富な動画ライブラリ
このビデオで話す練習をする理由
このTEDxトークでは、実際の脳スキャンに基づいた重要なレッスンが紹介されています。このような専門的な内容を真似て話すことで、あなたの英語力を向上させることが可能です。特に、心理学や医学に関する専門用語に触れることで、業界特有の文脈を理解し、表現力を磨く絶好の機会となります。さらに、YouTubeで英語学習を行うことで、リアルタイムの発音やイントネーションを観察し、模倣することができます。これにより、国際的な視野を広げるとともに、IELTS スピーキング対策にも役立つでしょう。
文法と表現の文脈
このビデオでは、以下のような重要な文法構造や表現が使用されています。
- 過去完了形: 「I realized if he helped her」は、特定の結果に対する過去の状況を表現しています。
- 仮定法: 「How would you ever know what to do for them, unless you actually looked?」この文は、実際に何かをすることの重要性を強調しています。
- 進行形: 「I am in the middle of seven children」は、現在の状況を強調するために使われています。
- 比較級: 「one had really low activity, the other had really high activity」では、異なる状態を比較する効果的な手法が示されています。
これらの表現を使って実際に話してみることで、英語の発音を良くするための練習になります。英語シャドーイングを取り入れることで、自然なリズムで話す力も向上します。
一般的な発音のトラップ
ビデオに出てくるいくつかのトリッキーな単語やアクセントに注意が必要です。
- SPECT: 専門用語であり、発音が難しいかもしれません。この単語の正しい発音に集中することが大切です。
- neuro: 「神経」を指す言葉で、発音に気をつける必要があります。一般的な英語の単語と異なるアクセントがあります。
- psych: 「心理」という意味ですが、発音が似た言葉と混同されやすいです。特に速いスピーチの中では注意が必要です。
これらの単語や表現をシャドーイングすることで、あなたの発音がより自然で流暢になるでしょう。英語学習において、このようなトレーニングは非常に効果的です。
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。