쉐도잉 연습: The most important lesson from 83,000 brain scans | Daniel Amen | TEDxOrangeCoast - YouTube로 영어 말하기 배우기
C2
Reviewer Gopal In this talk,
⏸ 일시 정지
재생 속도:
모든 문장176 문장
문장이 너무 짧거나 길면 Edit를 눌러 조정하세요.
1
Reviewer Gopal In this talk,
2
I'm going to give you the single most important lesson my colleagues and I have learned from looking at 83,000 brain scans.
3
But first, let me put the lesson into context.
4
I am in the middle of seven children.
5
Growing up, my father called me a maverick,
6
which to him was not a good thing.
7
In 1972, the Army called my number,
8
and I was trained as an infantry medic,
9
where my love of medicine was born.
10
But since I truly hated the idea of being shot at,
11
or sleeping in the mud,
12
I got myself retrained as an X-ray technician and developed a passion for medical imaging.
13
As our professors used to say,
14
how do you know unless you look?
15
In 1979, when I was a second-year medical student,
16
someone in my family became seriously suicidal,
17
and I took her to see a wonderful psychiatrist.
18
Over time, I realized that if he helped her,
19
which he did, it would not only save her life,
20
but it would also help her children and even her future grandchildren
21
as they would be shaped by someone who is happier and more stable.
22
I fell in love with psychiatry because I realized it had the potential to change generations of people.
23
In 1991, I went to my first lecture on brain SPECT imaging.
24
SPECT is a nuclear medicine study that looks at blood flow and activity.
25
It looks at how your brain works.
26
SPECT was presented as a tool to help psychiatrists get more information to help their patients.
27
In that one lecture, my two professional loves,
28
medical imaging and psychiatry, came together and quite honestly revolutionized my life Over the next 22 years,
29
my colleagues and I would build the world's largest database of brain scans related to behavior on patients from 93 countries.
30
SPECT basically tells us three things about the brain.
31
Good activity, too little or too much.
32
Here is a set of healthy SPECT scans.
33
The image on the left shows the outside surface of the brain,
34
and a healthy scan shows full, even, symmetrical activity.
35
The color is not important,
36
it's the shape that matters.
37
In the image on the right,
38
red equals the areas of high activity,
39
and in a healthy brain,
40
they're typically in the back part of the brain.
41
Here is a healthy scan compared to someone who had two strokes.
42
You can see the holes of activity.
43
Here's what Alzheimer's looks like,
44
where the back half of the brain is deteriorating.
45
Did you know that Alzheimer's disease actually starts in the brain 30 to 50 years before you have any symptoms?
46
Here's a scan of traumatic brain injury.
47
Your brain is soft and your skull is really hard.
48
Or drug abuse.
49
The real reason not to use drugs?
50
They damage your brain.
51
Obsessive compulsive disorder where the front part of the brain typically works too hard so that people cannot turn off their thoughts.
52
And epilepsy where we we frequently see areas of increased activity.
53
In 1992, I went to an all-day conference on brain SPECT imaging.
54
It was amazing and mirrored our own early experience using SPECT in psychiatry.
55
But at that same meeting,
56
researchers started to complain loudly that clinical psychiatrists like me should not be doing scans,
57
that they were only for their research.
58
Being a maverick and having clinical experience,
59
I thought that was a really dumb idea.
60
Without imaging, psychiatrists then and even now make diagnoses like they did in 1840 when Abraham Lincoln was depressed
61
by talking to people and looking for symptom clusters.
62
Imogene was showing us there was a better way.
63
Did you know that psychiatrists are the only medical specialists that virtually never look at the organ they treat?
64
Think about it.
65
Cardiologists look, neurologists look, orthopedic doctors look,
66
virtually every other medical specialty's look.
67
psychiatrist gets.
68
Before imaging, I always felt like I was throwing darts in the dark at my patients and had hurt some of them,
69
which horrified me.
70
There is a reason that most psychiatric medications have black box warnings.
71
Give them to the wrong person and you can precipitate a disaster.
72
Early on our imaging work taught us many important lessons such as illnesses like ADHD,
73
anxiety, depression and addictions are not single or simple disorders in the brain.
74
They all have multiple types.
75
For example, here are two patients who have been diagnosed with major depression
76
that had virtually the same symptoms yet radically different brains.
77
One had really low activity in the brain,
78
the other one had really high activity.
79
How would you ever know what to do for them unless you actually looked?
80
It needs to be tailored to individual brains, not clusters of symptoms.
81
Our imaging work also taught us
82
that mild traumatic brain injury was a major cause of psychiatric illness
83
that ruined people's lives and virtually no one knew about it because they would seize psychiatrists for things like temper problems,
84
anxiety, depression, insomnia and they would never look so they would never know.
85
Here's a scan of a 15 year old boy who fell down a flight of stairs at the age of three.
86
And even though he was unconscious for only a few minutes,
87
There was nothing mild about the enduring effect that injury had on this boy's life.
88
When I met him at the age of 15,
89
he had just been kicked out of his third residential treatment program for violence.
90
He needed a brain rehabilitation program,
91
not just more medication thrown at him in the dark or behavior therapy,
92
which if you think about it, is really cruel.
93
To put him on a behavior therapy program when behavior is really an expression of the problem,
94
it's not the problem.
95
Researchers have found that undiagnosed brain injuries are a major cause of homelessness,
96
alcohol abuse, depression, panic attacks, ADHD, and suicide.
97
We are in for a pending disaster with the hundreds of thousands of soldiers coming back from Iraq and Afghanistan,
98
and virtually no one is looking at the function of their brain.
99
As we continued our work with SPECT,
100
the criticism grew louder, but so did the lessons.
101
Judges and defense attorneys sought our help to understand criminal behavior.
102
To date, we have scanned over 500 convicted felons, including 90 murderers.
103
Our work taught us that people who do bad things often have troubled brains.
104
That was not a surprise.
105
But what did surprise us was that many of these brains could be rehabilitated.
106
So here's a radical idea.
107
What if we evaluated and treated troubled brains rather than simply warehousing them in toxic, stressful environments?
108
In my experience, we could save tremendous amounts of money by making these people more functional,
109
so when they left prison,
110
they could work, support their families, and pay taxes.
111
Dostoevsky once said, a society should be judged not by how well it treats its outstanding citizens,
112
but by how it treats its criminals.
113
Instead of just crime and punishment,
114
we should be thinking about crime evaluation and treatment.
115
So after 22 years and 83,000 scans,
116
the single most important lesson my colleagues and I have learned is that you can literally change people's brains.
117
And when you do, you change their life.
118
You are not stuck with the brain you have.
119
You can make it better,
120
and we can prove it.
121
My colleagues and I performed the first and largest study on active and retired NFL players,
122
showing high levels of damage in these players at a time when the NFL said they didn't know
123
if playing football caused long-term brain damage.
124
The fact was they didn't want to know.
125
That was not a surprise.
126
I think if you get most thoughtful nine-year-olds together and you talk about
127
the brain is soft about the consistency of soft butter,
128
it's housed in a really hard skull that has many sharp bony ridges,
129
you know, 28 out of 39 year olds would go,
130
probably a bad idea for your life.
131
But what really got us excited was the second part of
132
the study where we put players on a brain smart program
133
and demonstrated that 80% of them could improve in the areas of blood flow,
134
memory, and mood, that you are not stuck with the brain you have.
135
You can make it better on a Brain Smart program.
136
How exciting is that?
137
I am so excited.
138
Reversing brain damage is a very exciting new frontier,
139
but the implications are really much wider.
140
Here is the scan of a teenage girl who has ADHD,
141
who was cutting herself, failing in school,
142
and fighting with her parents.
143
When we improved her brain,
144
she went from D's and F's to A's and B's and was much more emotionally stable.
145
Here's a scan of Nancy.
146
Nancy had been diagnosed with dementia,
147
and her doctor told her husband that he should find a home for her because within a year,
148
she would not know his name.
149
But on an intensive brain rehabilitation program,
150
Nancy's brain was better, as was her memory.
151
And four years later, Nancy still knows her husband's name.
152
Or my favorite story to illustrate this point is Andrew,
153
a nine-year-old boy who attacked a little girl on the baseball field for no particular reason,
154
and at the time was drawing pictures of himself hanging from a tree and shooting other children.
155
Andrew was Columbine, Aurora, and Sandy Hook waiting to happen.
156
Most psychiatrists would have medicated Andrew as they did Eric Harris
157
and the other mass shooters before they committed their awful crimes
158
but SPECT imaging taught me that I had to look at his brain
159
and not throw darts in the dark at him to understand
160
what he needed his SPECT scan showed a cyst the size
161
of a golf ball occupying the space of his left him for love.
162
No amount of medication or therapy would have helped Andrew.
163
When the cyst was removed,
164
his behavior completely went back to normal,
165
and he became the sweet,
166
loving boy he always wanted to be.
167
Now 18 years later, Andrew,
168
who is my nephew, owns his own home,
169
is employed, and pays taxes.
170
because someone bothered to look at his brain.
171
He has been a better son and will be a better husband, father, and grandfather.
172
When you have the privilege of changing someone's brain,
173
you not only change his or her life,
174
you have the opportunity to change generations to come.
175
I'm Dr. Daniel Amen.
176
Thank you.
앱 다운로드
당신이 말하는 모든 문장을 AI가 채점
TRENDING
인기 동영상
App Store 및 Google Play에서 4.9/5
Shadowing English
모바일에서
Shadowing English 앱으로 언제 어디서나 영어를 배우세요. 오늘 의사 소통 능력을 향상 시키십시오!
학습 진행 상황 추적
AI 채점 및 오류 수정
풍부한 비디오 라이브러리
상황 및 배경
이 영상에서 다니엘 아멘 박사는 83,000개의 뇌 스캔을 통해 얻은 가장 중요한 교훈에 대해 이야기합니다. 그는 7남매 중 한 명으로 자랐고, 어린 시절 아버지에게서 '아웃사이더'라는 별명을 듣곤 했습니다. 군대에서 의학에 대한 사랑이 싹트기 시작했고, 나중에는 의료 이미징 분야에서 큰 열정을 갖게 되었습니다. 그의 경력과 연구는 정신과 의학과의 만남으로 인해 한층 더 발전하게 되었습니다. 뇌 SPECT 이미징 기술을 통해 정신 건강을 평가할 수 있다는 가능성을 발견한 그는, 이를 통해 세대에 걸쳐 사람들의 삶에 긍정적인 변화를 가져오고자 하는 목표를 세웠습니다.
일상 소통을 위한 5가지 주요 표현
- "어떻게 알 수 있을까요?" - 상황을 이해하기 위해 필요한 질문.
- "나는 매우 기쁘다." - 자신의 감정을 표현하는 간단한 방법.
- "이런 일이 발생했어요." - 사건이나 상황을 설명할 때 유용한 표현.
- "그렇다고 생각하지 않는다." - 자신의 의견을 강하게 표현하는 방법.
- "그것은 고치기 어려운 문제가 아니다." - 문제 해결에 대한 낙관적인 시각을 전달.
단계별 쉐도우 스피킹 가이드
이 비디오의 내용을 효과적으로 이해하고 연습하기 위해 다음 단계별 가이드를 따라해 보세요:
- 첫 단계: 비디오를 반복적으로 시청하세요. 처음에는 전체적인 내용을 이해하려고 집중하고, 필요한 경우 자막을 켜세요.
- 두 번째 단계: 각 문장을 주의 깊게 들어보세요. 특히, 이 비디오에서 나온 주요 표현들을 반복해서 듣고 따라 말해보세요. 이 과정에서 shadowspeak 기법을 사용하여 인지적으로 발음을 연습할 수 있습니다.
- 세 번째 단계: 문장을 천천히 따라 읽어보세요. 발음에 주의를 기울이고, 어조와 억양을 최대한 비슷하게 흉내 내세요. 이 단계에서 shadow speech를 활용하면 좋습니다.
- 네 번째 단계: 각 문장을 소리 내어 말하며 연습을 지속하세요. 혼자서도 괜찮지만, 가능하다면 친구와 함께 연습하면 효과적입니다.
- 마지막 단계: 대화 형식으로 이 표현들을 활용해보세요. 대화 시 뇌 건강과 정신과 관련된 주제를 자연스럽게 언급하여 실생활에서의 응용력을 높입니다.
위의 단계들을 따라 하여 쉐도우 스피킹을 통해 보다 자연스럽고 자신감 있는 영어 회화를 익혀보세요. 여러분의 언어 능력은 시간이 지남에 따라 더욱 향상될 것입니다. 매일 꾸준히 연습하며, shadowspeaks의 기법으로 영어를 정복하세요!
쉐도잉이란? 영어 실력을 빠르게 키우는 과학적 방법
쉐도잉(Shadowing)은 원래 전문 통역사 훈련을 위해 개발된 언어 학습 기법으로, 다언어 학자인 Dr. Alexander Arguelles에 의해 대중화된 방법입니다. 핵심 원리는 간단하지만 매우 강력합니다: 원어민의 영어를 들으면서 1~2초의 짧은 지연으로 즉시 소리 내어 따라 말하는 것——마치 '그림자(shadow)'처럼 화자를 따라가는 것입니다. 문법 공부나 수동적인 청취와 달리, 쉐도잉은 뇌와 입 근육이 동시에 실시간으로 영어를 처리하고 재현하도록 훈련합니다. 연구에 따르면 이 방법은 발음 정확도, 억양, 리듬, 연음, 청취력, 말하기 유창성을 크게 향상시킵니다. IELTS 스피킹 준비와 자연스러운 영어 소통을 원하는 분들에게 특히 효과적입니다.
☕ 커피 한 잔 사주기
ShadowingEnglish는 여러분의 지원 덕분에 100% 무료로 운영됩니다. 서버 및 AI 유지 비용이 많이 듭니다. 여러분의 커피 한 잔이 큰 힘이 됩니다! ��