シャドーイング練習: The Problem With Elon Musk - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ
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Uh, I mean my mind is a storm.
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I don't think most people would want to be me.
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They may think they'd want to be me, but they don't know.
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Is your storm a happy storm?
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No. I've grown tired of hearing the name Elon Musk and not really understanding what's going on.
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Who is this guy?
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Where is he from?
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How has he built a huge business empire to become one of the richest people in the world?
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And what can we learn about his purchase of Twitter?
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So I've been going on a deep dive, finding everything I can about this guy.
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His upbringing, businesses he's started, talking to people who have worked with him, who have worked for him.
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Many of these people want to remain anonymous for reasons you will soon understand.
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I've talked to people who love him, people who hate him, people who used to love him and now hate him.
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If I were an employee at Twitter right now, I'd probably just do your job.
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Don't let them know your name.
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So after a few months of reporting on this, I feel like I finally have a handle on who this guy is.
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I understand how he built his empire, how he treats the people around him, and the real reason I believe he bought Twitter.
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Elon Musk put in an offer.
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An unsolicited bid to buy the social media platform.
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$44 billion.
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So let me show you the rise and rule of Elon Musk.
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You're a super villain.
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That's what a super villain does.
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Yeah.
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He's addicted to drama.
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He's addicted to risk.
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And when everything seemed to be going smoothly, he almost has a compulsion to stir things up.
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Elon Musk was born in the summer of 1971 in South Africa.
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From a young age, he was bullied pretty relentlessly by kids at school for being scrawny and nerdy.
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You know, I was bullied quite a lot.
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I punched the face many times.
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Musk would later say that he's on the autism spectrum, though he was never diagnosed.
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It got really bad for young Elon.
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Like one time.
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When he got beaten up at school once and so bloodied he had to go to the hospital, the scars were actually worse when he came home
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and his father made him stand in front of him and berated him for more than an hour, calling him stupid, saying it was his fault.
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Stories like this make me sick to my stomach you realize that the trauma and scars from this kind of abuse,
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both physical and emotional, they don't go away easily.
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Speaking of his dad, there's a lot of rumors that Elon came from a rich dad who owned emerald mines in South Africa,
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and that he was set up to be successful because of family wealth.
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This isn't factually accurate.
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Elon's dad did import emeralds, but there wasn't a lot of money in this family.
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He never owned an emerald mine.
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This is total bullshit.
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If you want more detail on that, you can go check out our sources where we put the fact check for every one of the assertions in this video.
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Anyway, what Elon did have at a young age was a skill for computers and programming.
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I taught myself how to program computers, mostly because I wanted to program games.
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At the age of 12, he invented a video game Mom, do you remember when I was 12 and I created my own video game? that he sold to a magazine for $500.
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It was his first business move in tech.
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His first interest in space.
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Around 12 or 13 I had come in existential crisis.
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Trying to figure out the meaning of life.
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From an early age, Musk found meaning in the idea of the potential of humanity.
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What humans can do as a collective.
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How we as a species have somehow been able to work together to explore the meaning of the universe.
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My motivation was that if we can expand the scope and scale of consciousness, maybe we can find out the meaning of life.
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I mean, you hear this and it kind of sounds overly grand, kind of delusional, overly idealistic.
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But honestly, this is what motivates Musk from a very young age.
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And he doesn't bend on what he wants and what he's willing to do to achieve it.
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So he leaves South Africa when he's 18 and moves to Canada
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and eventually ends up in Pennsylvania where he goes to college and gets a degree in economics and physics.
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At the age of 24, he moves out to California to pursue a PhD at Stanford, but he never starts the program.
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Instead, he starts his first business.
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Okay, so I'm not going to go into the details of every one of Elon's companies because there are a lot.
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If you want a deep dive, read this very thick book.
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This was a foundational part of our reporting and it details the play-by-play on all of these companies. For now,
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let me give you a quick summary of the businesses this
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guy built to become one of the richest men on the planet.
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His first company was called Zip2.
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He started it in 1995 with his brother who seems to have an affinity for cowboy hats.
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His company provided maps and business directories for online newspapers.
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I know those words sound very strange to us now, but like back in 1995, it was a huge deal.
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It almost was like the precursor to what Google Maps is today, and it was very successful.
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We helped bring online several hundred newspapers that previously were only in print.
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It was acquired a few years later for 307 million dollars.
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22 million of those dollars going right into Elon's pocket.
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Suddenly, Elon is rich.
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Receiving cash is cash.
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I mean, those are just a large number of Ben Franklin's.
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He uses the money to start another company called X.com.
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No, no, no, not that X.com.
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The first X.com, which you now know today as PayPal.
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So this is an ATM.
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What we're gonna do is transform the traditional banking industry.
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It was basically an online bank, and it was revolutionary at the time at the time.
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So much so that in 2002, eBay bought it for $1.5 billion.
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Elon got 180 million of those dollars.
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And now he's officially super rich.
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There is, gentlemen, the fastest car in the world.
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So what to do with all of this money?
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The answer for Elon Musk was to try out the craziest ideas he could think of.
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Well, I had like about 180 million from PayPal.
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I thought, you know, I'll allocate half of that to SpaceX and Tesla and Silver City.
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That should be fine.
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I'll have 90 million Like, it's just lots.
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I thought our probability of success was less than 10%.
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It would be foolish to think anything else other than that.
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Ever since he was a kid making video games about space, Elon has been motivated by this idea of humans expanding outside of Earth.
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Humans becoming a...
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Multi-planet species.
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We would like to help make life multi-planetary.
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The extension of life to multiple planets.
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In the early 2000s, Tesla already existed existed.
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They were making electric cars, but they were kind of high-end niche sports cars.
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Elon was really interested in this, so he came in as an investor and eventually became the CEO,
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with the vision of turning electric cars mainstream and ushering a whole new era of transportation.
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But these ideas were more expensive than he anticipated.
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Things cost more and took longer than I thought, so I had a choice of either put the rest of the money in or the companies are going to die.
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His rockets kept blowing up, his electric cars were devilishly complicated to manufacture,
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but Elon developed this addiction to risk and intensity that kept him pushing forward despite these challenges.
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Tesla reinvented how cars were made.
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Thanks to innovative technology and manufacturing, really clever engineering, and a waterfall of government subsidies,
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he was able to skyrocket Tesla into one of the most valuable companies in the world,
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overtaking every other car company by a long shot in just a few years.
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And this company was weird.
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It wasn't obeying all the rules.
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Like there was almost no official marketing campaign.
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And Elon decided to make all of his technology open source.
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The patents were not copyrighted.
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Anyone could see them and use them with the hope that the market for electric vehicles would take off.
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And that the world would more quickly move away from the use of fossil fuels, which would ultimately benefit Tesla.
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If somebody comes and makes a better electric car than Tesla, and it's so much better than ours that we can't sell our cars and we go bankrupt, I still think that's a good thing for the world.
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These were bold, crazy moves, but they were totally working.
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Meanwhile, Elon's space company was about to go out of business.
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For SpaceX, the first three launches failed.
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Just barely able to scrape together enough parts and money to do the fourth launch.
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And then, after six years and six months of stress and intensity, Elon's dreams of going to space started to come true.
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I'm gonna explain a little bit more about how he did all of this, but the big deal about SpaceX is that they created a reusable rocket.
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Every other rocket is disposable, you can only use it once and it's very expensive.
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But Elon proved that you could use a rocket
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and safely land it back down onto the surface of Earth and then use it again.
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Soon, SpaceX would be carrying NASA astronauts and supplies to the International Space Station, launching military satellites into space for the Pentagon,
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launching dozens of satellites up into space for commercial use, and even launching the first ever private space flight for tourism.
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Space travel was officially reinvented.
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I think we're at the dawn of a new era, and it's a reason for people to be excited and inspired to be human.
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Okay, but what's crazy is that during all of this, Elon is also launching a bunch of other companies,
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like The Boring Company, which is trying to revolutionize traffic and transportation by building smarter tunnels.
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Oh my God, it just hit me that it's boring, like boring into the side of a mountain.
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Oh my God, that just hit me right now.
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This company also turned into like a blank canvas for Elon Musk to play out all of his childish,
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silly ideas, like selling a flamethrower or this perfume that smells like singed human hair.
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And yes, Musk uses his businesses as kind of a way to troll humanity while also trying to save humanity.
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It's this behavior that a lot of people find refreshing
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and ends up getting a lot of attention and becoming a marketing tool for all of his companies.
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He starts building Neuralink, which is designing a way for humans to control computers with their brains, which is already having some initial successes.
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And now that Elon's company can easily go to space, he starts sending up these small satellites, 6,000 of them, that are orbiting the earth, and he starts providing internet to remote places,
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arguably changing the course of the war in Ukraine by providing Ukrainian soldiers with internet during the initial invasion from Russia.
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Though that's gotten more complicated in recent months as Russian soldiers have started to use Starlink, and it's a whole other rabbit.
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Okay, but we're not done yet with Elon's companies.
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He also co-founded OpenAI way back in 2015, who went on to make ChatGPT.
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He later left the company over disagreements, and then has recently started his own AI company called, you guessed it, XAI.
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Yes, the guy loves the letter X.
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It's literally the name of several of his companies and one of his children.
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Each one of these ventures points back to Elon's childish idealism,
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this grand vision of testing the limits of what humans can do by pushing our understanding of physics
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and working together to do crazy, amazing things.
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But then, after building all of these companies that are focused on pushing the physical limits of human potential,
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Elon in recent years has set his sights on reshaping another industry.
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Tonight, the richest man in the world is hunting for more.
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Put in an offer of almost 44 billion dollars to buy Twitter.
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All of Twitter.
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Is this all a troll or is this very real?
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Elon Musk has been portrayed as both a reckless, unethical billionaire, as well as a visionary who is changing the world for the better.
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And what you think about him probably comes from what you read about him.
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and what you read about him was probably served to you by an algorithm.
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This is how our media landscape works these days.
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And it's getting us deeper and deeper into trouble, which is a major theme in this video, but it's also in line with the sponsor of today's video, which is Ground News.
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Ground News is a platform that I've been using to navigate this problem.
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To find a balanced view where I can see both sides of a news story.
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Ground News aggregates tens of thousands of news articles from around the world into one place.
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and then allows you to critically examine how that news is being covered.
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Here's a recent story that on the left, you can see from the Los Angeles Times that engineers sue Elon Musk and SpaceX,
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saying that the company mirrored his juvenile crude ex-posts.
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While on the right, you've got the New York Post saying that Elon Musk was sued by fired engineers,
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alleging Elon Musk allowed pervasive sexist culture.
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These headlines have subtle bias in them, Like, the left-leaning headline suggests that Musk's personal behavior was directly responsible,
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while the right-leaning headline emphasizes that they were fired employees and that there was an alleged sexist culture, softening any kind of blame towards Musk and his company.
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This is really subtle stuff that's hard to pay attention to if you're just scrolling your algorithm.
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Ground News emphasizes and highlights these biases and allows you to be more critical as a news consumer.
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Not only do they show this bias distribution, but they also have a tool that rates how factual an article is
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and My favorite they have this blind spot detector
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that pays attention to the articles that you tend to read
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and presents you with Stuff that might be outside of your comfort zone, but that you probably need to see to be a balanced news consumer This is a really cool tool.
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I'm very glad they exist I'm really glad they're sponsoring today's video
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I use ground news I think it's really important in today's media landscape.
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I'm grateful that they sponsored today's video With that let's dive back into the story of Elon Musk
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Tonight the richest man in the world is hunting for more Okay, so we're getting into this.
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Why did Elon buy Twitter?
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What can we learn from it before we do that?
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I want to tell you a little bit about what I
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learned about Elon Musk as a leader after talking to people who have worked with him, people who have worked under him.
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There's a few key lessons
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that I've taken away from all of these conversations we've had with these people and doing research on him.
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I will not be quoting them directly because most of them asked to remain anonymous.
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The first thing I heard over
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and over again is how obsessed Elon Musk is with the details of what his companies are building.
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I think people think like I'm a business guy or something like that.
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Engineering, that's like 80% more of my time.
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One source I talked to, who worked closely with Musk, estimates that he spends 90% of his time in technical details.
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With a whiteboard out, looking at code with engineers and programmers, solving very specific details in meetings that sometimes go into the middle of the night.
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And this gets to our second takeaway, which is that Elon questions everything.
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And I mean everything.
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You can see this really clearly when he was building SpaceX.
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It was tough going there in the beginning because I'd never built anything physical.
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I mean, I'd built like little model rockets as a kid and that kind of thing, but I never had a company that built anything physical.
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Elon's original idea for SpaceX was to buy Russian rockets that had been decommissioned and to rebuild them more efficiently.
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I can tell you it was very weird going to the Russian rocket forces and saying, I'd like to buy two of your biggest rockets.
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They thought I was crazy, but I did have money.
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But I did have money.
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He went to Russia and quickly discovered that the price that governments pay for rockets is astronomical.
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It felt absurd.
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On the flight home, Elon makes this list of every component he can think of needed to build a rocket.
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And then he put in the estimated price for just the materials and the components.
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What he found is that the prices that they were quoting him for these rocket parts were highly inflated.
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He interrogated every single cost associated with rockets
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and started to make plans on how his team could find a much cheaper way to build them.
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He did this over and over and over until soon his team was
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manufacturing 70% of all of the rocket components for SpaceX and saving millions of dollars.
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I heard story after story like this.
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Elon showing up, talking to some low-level engineer,
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working on some very specific problem and interrogating it until he found the most efficient answer.
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Oh, and this wasn't about him being collaborative or inclusive of his employees.
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This is about him stress testing every single assumption, pushing every single thing to the limit so that he can find the most efficient way to build something.
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This also makes working for Elon incredibly stressful.
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He'll show up, he'll question everything, and then he'll tell people that a six-month timeline needs to be condensed down into 90 days.
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Everyone's jaw drops, they say it's impossible, and he says it has to be possible, and then everyone makes it Which gets me to number four, the people around him.
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Musk's ruthless idealism and vision for the future has attracted a lot of really talented people who bring these dreams to life.
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These people have rallied around his mission to reinvent transportation or take humans to Mars.
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They're the ones who make it happen with unprecedented speed and efficiency.
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These four things are really his superpowers.
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They are the ingredients that have allowed him to reinvent entire industries.
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But this isn't the full picture.
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Everyone I talked to includes the fact that Elon can be a total asshole.
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And is a lot of the time.
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Hate me, like me, or indifferent, do you want the best car or do you not want the best car?
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He is abrupt, he is blunt, and he puts basically no effort into making you like him.
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No, I am not evil, I just misunderstood.
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One irony I kept hearing is that Musk cares so much about humanity, but he doesn't really care about humans.
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Okay, so I'm the father of an 11-year-old who is autistic, and I myself identify as being on some part of the spectrum.
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And so listening to hours of Musk, I see moments that to most people might look like him being mean-hearted and arrogant and extreme and even cruel,
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but to me feel more like him being unaware or perhaps unwilling to play by the rules of social norms.
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Okay, but, and because my son is probably watching this, I need to make one thing crystal clear, that there is a line here.
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Musk's behavior, especially recently, can quickly cross into malicious,
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temperamental, mean-hearted, and harmful behavior that goes well beyond anything
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that can be justified or explained by neurodivergence into something that looks a lot more like aggressive bullying, coercion, unethical business practices.
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There's almost a demon mode of Elon Musk where he turns really dark
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and that can be very problematic especially when it came to acquiring Twitter.
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My point is that there's some empathy that is warranted here.
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It can be a blurry line, but Musk very clearly crosses that line.
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Something we'll talk about more in a little bit.
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But for now, let's get back to our list.
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These five things that are the big takeaways on how Musk operates and how he's built his empire.
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And let's look at where this got him by the early 2020s.
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His four big companies had grown rapidly to become worth billions.
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Tesla reaching a trillion dollar valuation.
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One of the most valuable companies on earth, revolutionizing the car industry.
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And by January 2021, these successes had skyrocketed Musk to become the world's richest man,
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according to Forbes' billionaire tracker. But don't be fooled.
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For Musk, this actually isn't an ideal situation.
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Musk's biographer, Walter Isaacson, wrote this amazing book
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that details all of this private communication that really gives us an inside look into the psychology of Musk during this time.
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And he documents this conversation between Siobhan Zilis, the director of operations at one of his companies and the mother of a set of Elon's twins,
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and Elon in a text that read, You don't have to be in a state of war all the time.
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Or is that where you find greater comfort when you're in periods of war?
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And he replies that it's a part of his default setting.
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Zillis then tells Isaacson that it was like he was winning the simulation, and now he felt at a loss at what to do.
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Extended periods of calm were unnerving for him.
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The guy is addicted to conflict and crisis and tension and drama.
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And being the world's richest man with all these successes was uncomfortable.
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He needed a new storm to throw himself into.
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And so he chose the storm of all storms.
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At the end of 2022, he buys Twitter for 44 billion dollars.
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In his offer letter, he tells us why he's doing it.
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He believes that Twitter has the potential to be the platform for free speech around the globe, and that free speech is a societal imperative for a functioning democracy.
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And right away, Musk applies his playbook to the company, sending out a midnight email telling the thousands of employees that there's going to be a new Twitter culture that is quote,
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extremely hardcore, long hours, high intensity, and tells anyone who wants to stay to fill out this form or be fired.
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Thousands of Twitter employees are being laid off, locked out of their work email accounts.
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Twitter has fired half of its 7,500 staff called it the Twitter Hunger Games.
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I thought a lot about how to talk about Musk's foray into Twitter because it is in the news right now.
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It is shaping the way that we receive and talk about information.
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And there's a lot of hot takes out there.
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What I decided to do here is to try to give the most earnest understanding as to Musk's motives.
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Why did he do this?
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What does he want from it and what is he doing to reshape Twitter around this vision?
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What was it ultimately that led you to make the decision to do it?
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Uh, somewhat melodramatic, but I was worried about that it was having a corrosive effect on civilization.
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So first and foremost, free speech is like the thing he says over and over.
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Free speech?
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Free speech.
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Free speech is the only way that humans are going to thrive
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and because Musk's main mission is the advancement of human civilization, he must buy Twitter and make it the free speech platform.
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The platform where we have perhaps the most important conversations in the world.
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He says this over and over, like in this tweet where he says, this is a battle for the future of civilization.
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If free speech is lost, even in America, tyranny is all that lies ahead.
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So that's number one on what he says his motives are.
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I think part of it is that it's where it was located, which is downtown San Francisco.
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The next pillar of Musk's reasoning has to do with the city of San Francisco.
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Is there a place that's more far left than San Francisco Berkeley?
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Twitter's headquarters is located right here in downtown San Francisco.
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And for Musk, that's a big problem.
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It was an accidental far left information weapon that was then harnessed by the far left, who could not themselves create the weapon,
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but happened to be co-located where the technologists were.
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Okay, so let me get this straight.
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Musk believes that Twitter being in the heart of a liberal city means
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that the engineers and leaders deciding what gets elevated and suppressed on Twitter are infected with the politics of the liberal city.
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And so they're more likely to elevate their ideology.
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A megaphone, an information weapon.
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That's his argument.
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I have a couple issues with the argument and its logical underpinning.
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But again, this is about what Elon Musk says as his motivations for buying Twitter.
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And number three, the government is censoring Twitter and Twitter is letting them.
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Twitter was simply an arm of the government.
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You know, it's a state publication is the way to think of old Twitter.
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It's a state publication.
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All right, this is our list.
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We're going to get to each of these and like try to understand them all.
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But like, is anyone else wondering what happened here?
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It feels like the story went from quirky visionary engineer uses his brilliant,
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unorthodox, socially immature tactics and obsessions to accomplish unprecedented engineering feats,
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to said quirky engineer suddenly dedicates his brilliant mind away from physics
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and towards social media because he believes
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that there's a deep state conspiracy between San Francisco technologists infected with liberal bias and their censoring government overlords, and he is going to fix it.
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What happened?
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I actually never got to the bottom of that and I don't think anyone has.
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That's actually been a central question that was never answered for me during this reporting.
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We do know this pivot happened sometime in 2020.
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Why did Musk shift to obsessing over this?
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The answer to that probably lies somewhere in Elon Musk's brain
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and it is not ethical
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or useful for me to try to opine on his mental health or what is going on in his brain.
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So let's stick to the facts.
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Here is the logical framework that Elon Musk used to buy Twitter.
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This is what he wants to do with it, is fix this.
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Let's see what happens next.
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So, after firing most of the employees and changing the name to his favorite letter, he gets to work on free speech.
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He lets big accounts that were previously banned back onto the platform, including former President Donald Trump, comedian Kathy Griffin, lawmaker Marjorie Taylor Greene, Jordan Peterson.
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Within a few months, he posts this tweet around the Super Bowl.
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And he notices that this tweet gets less engagement than the tweet by President Joe Biden.
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Elon does not like this.
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He calls an urgent meeting
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and tasks 80 engineers to quickly rebuild a version of the algorithm
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that will allow his tweets to be artificially boosted by a factor of a thousand.
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I was kind of skeptical on how sensational it was reported, but through my conversations confirmed that this actually went down.
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Like the old Twitter was not built to artificially boost one account.
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And Elon, the free speech guy, was like, I need you to boost my account because it's not getting as much attention as the president.
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And the 80 engineers did.
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So a few months after buying the company, Elon now has super algorithmic power.
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And he uses it to start to amplify certain people.
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So I know what you're thinking.
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Johnny, you just disagree with these people, and so you think that it's bad that Elon let them on, but really, free speech is about letting everyone talk.
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Yes, absolutely, that is true.
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And yet, Elon uses an artificially amplified voice to prop up a very specific type of voice on Twitter to amplify ideas,
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extreme ideas, harmful ideas, not just to liberals in San Francisco, but ideas that we as humanity recognize are bad ideas
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and now Someone with a massive megaphone has control on how
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big those ideas can get even Bill Maher the Elon fanboy There's a very few people who actually make change happen
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You are one of those people even he could not understand
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why Elon was doing this I understand why you wanted to like have a platform where you have free speech
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But like why then embrace the worst people on it?
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And then Elon isn't totally consistent about this.
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Like in the case of Alex Jones who spreads horrendous conspiracies and misinformation to a lot of people.
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When asked why Elon didn't let him go back onto Twitter, he said no, saying that he had no mercy for anyone who would use the death of children for gain,
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politics, or fame.
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He did eventually reinstate Alex Jones after running a poll,
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but you start to see that he'll reinstate anyone unless he personally takes issue with their views or what they said.
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What's puzzling to me is that this isn't free speech absolutism.
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It's not say anything you want.
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Musk's new Twitter then starts banning and suppressing substack links.
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Substack the place where independent journalists write.
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Musk made the change where you can't comment or like on anything
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that has a substack article and you can't embed tweets in your substack article.
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That doesn't feel like free speech to me.
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Musk then decides that the word cisgender is a slur on Twitter and threatens to ban people who use it too much.
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Is that free speech?
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He then starts banning journalists who criticize him, though he did reinstate a few of them after a vote.
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And then starts suing media watchdog organizations, like the Center for Countering Digital Hate, trying to silence them for criticizing the new Twitter.
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Musk, of course, lost with the verdict coming out saying
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that this lawsuit was basically about trying to silence criticism and deter others from criticizing his company.
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He's someone who is willing to use his enormous wealth and power to silence people.
382
Like, this is such clear anti-free speech behavior.
383
When Twitter users organized a protest against making users pay for a blue checkmark, he banned that account.
384
And this is what's so mind-bending.
385
Like, I swear he's trolling us here.
386
He says that he's obsessed with free speech, but then immediately after taking it over Twitter, he demonstrates an extreme hypocrisy for that very point.
387
And I secretly think he's doing that so that we are talking about it right now.
388
I don't think it was ever about free speech.
389
I also think that when he posts political propaganda ads,
390
like this conspiracy video that says that Democrats are letting immigrants in to turn America into single-party rule, and has almost 100 million views,
391
I think he's doing that not because he agrees with this factless piece of propaganda, but because he loves to rile people up.
392
Though maybe he does agree with it, I don't know.
393
Either way, he has built a platform that gives him the biggest megaphone and suppresses people that criticize him.
394
That is not free speech.
395
Okay, but let's move on because free speech was just one of his three major motives.
396
What about this argument that Twitter is infected with liberal ideology because it is based in San Francisco.
397
Luckily, we have data.
398
This was a great study.
399
Very thorough.
400
Algorithmic amplification of politics on Twitter.
401
It's a study from before Elon took over.
402
They conducted a long-running, massive-scale, randomized experiment where they looked at a huge number of tweets from seven countries,
403
and they found that in six out of the seven countries, including the United States, that quote,
404
the mainstream political right enjoys a higher algorithmic amplification than the mainstream political left.
405
They saw this over and over.
406
Oh, and also a really interesting side note here is
407
that they found that Twitter actually doesn't amplify far left or far right political groups more than moderate ones,
408
which is a myth that I believed until I read this study.
409
But the whole point is that old Twitter did not have a liberal bias.
410
If anything, it had a conservative bias.
411
This study is very robust proof of that, despite Elon's theory that Twitter being in San Francisco infected it with a liberal bias.
412
Go to the sources and read the study for yourself if you want to poke into it.
413
If there's anything wrong with it that I'm missing, please tell me.
414
But it seems like pretty damn solid proof to me.
415
Okay, but what about the last critique?
416
And this is a big one.
417
Musk believed that Twitter was being censored by governments and Twitter was letting them do this.
418
And guess what?
419
That is actually true.
420
Upon taking over Twitter, Musk cracked into all of the internal communications
421
and found a bunch of emails that showed how Twitter had banned and suppressed information that it deemed harmful and dangerous,
422
but that they did so sometimes with a political bias.
423
You can see things like Biden's team asking Twitter to review these tweets that they didn't like.
424
Yes, governments around the world can ask Twitter to take things down in their country
425
that they think are breaking the law or that are harmful to national security.
426
And this happened on both sides.
427
The Trump White House asked Twitter to take things down as well.
428
But this reporting did reveal what looked like a lot of left-leaning bias in censoring certain highly sensitive content
429
that would be damaging to the left.
430
The big example of this was this New York Post article about Hunter Biden's laptop.
431
Twitter severely censored this, not even letting people DM the link to each other
432
and making up a thin justification for it later.
433
Now, content moderation, deciding what is harmful and what should be censored and what shouldn't, is a really difficult task.
434
But for a lot of people, including myself, this crossed a line.
435
This was not okay.
436
Though I have to say that Hunter Biden New York Post article was the most sort of egregious one.
437
A lot of the other stuff in the Twitter files was not nearly as black and white.
438
Much more nuanced, much more complicated.
439
The point is there should be transparency here and I agree with Musk on that.
440
Okay, but this is once again where we find some strange paradox that doesn't make any sense, which is that since Musk took over,
441
government censorship on Twitter has gone up.
442
Twitter suspended multiple journalists from prominent outlets including the Washington Post, the New York Times, and CNN.
443
Tonight a number of high-profile journalists have been silenced.
444
Here are the number of takedown requests
445
that governments around the world made to Twitter in the six months before Musk took over.
446
And these are the ones that Twitter complied with.
447
Twitter would fully comply with the government's censorship request about half of the time.
448
The other half the time they'd say no. In the six months after Musk, the number of requests went up, probably because Musk got rid of a lot of the automatic moderation.
449
But look, Musk's Twitter now says yes to government censorship over 80% of the time, way more than the old Twitter.
450
Wait, what?
451
And look, the kind of stuff
452
that Musk is allowing to be censored on the platform is really sensitive stuff for free speech.
453
Like, take Turkey for example.
454
There was a Turkish election last year.
455
The president of Turkey, himself a massive user of state censorship, pressured Twitter to block the accounts of a few people he didn't like.
456
A Kurdish businessman, an investigative journalist, both of them vocal critics of the president.
457
Like this is like clear black-and-white political censorship in an election year.
458
Like make the guy who is criticizing me go away.
459
And guess what?
460
Musk's Twitter did it.
461
They said yes.
462
They banned the accounts and then said, we didn't have a choice.
463
They were going to shut down all of Twitter, so we had to do it.
464
And then they patted themselves on the back about how they were still trying to fight it.
465
And they're doing so much for battling government censorship and transparency on the platform.
466
But guess what?
467
They did have a choice.
468
This same kind of thing happened before Musk ever came in, and Twitter fought back.
469
In a previous Turkish election, the government tried to do the same thing.
470
Censor posts about corruption within the Turkish government.
471
They asked Twitter to take these down, and Twitter said no. They fired back that political speech is among the most important speech,
472
especially when it concerns matters of possible corruption.
473
So, Turkey shut down Twitter.
474
It was down for a couple of weeks while they battled it out in court, and the Turkish government lost.
475
Indeed, they lost because they were trying to censor political speech, and Twitter fought back.
476
There's even more recent examples, Like Wikipedia, or Woke-a-pedia as Elon calls it, refusing to comply with the Turkish government's censorship requests,
477
getting completely shut down for almost three years, only to have it be overturned in Turkish courts.
478
A major win for free speech in Turkey, which is something that's in short supply lately.
479
So like Wikipedia, Twitter can do this.
480
They can say no to the Turkish government.
481
If they're actually crusaders for free speech, and if they're actually against government censorship, they would have said no in 2023.
482
Musk's Twitter did this in India too, when the Indian government asked Twitter to censor a bunch of journalists,
483
including an entire BBC bureau and a documentary that was critical of the government and the president, and Twitter complied.
484
Elon, where is your conviction for free speech?
485
Where is your hate for government censorship in moments like this where it really, really matters?
486
But for Elon Musk, he's got a lot of other things he needs to think about.
487
He needs to think about the market for Teslas.
488
Who might be buying his satellites or rockets?
489
He needs to be thinking about where Tesla factories might be set up.
490
The market for his electric cars.
491
This is a conflict of interest
492
that gets in the way of his idealistic vision for free speech and his hate for government censorship.
493
Twitter used to have a page where they would publish in
494
detail why they would take down any content they took down at the request of the government.
495
And there's this research lab at Harvard that would aggregate all of this for the public.
496
When our story producer Alex went to go look for these government requests from Turkey and India, she found that they no longer were there.
497
This page had gone quiet.
498
So she reached out to the Harvard lab and got this response.
499
Twitter stopped sharing this data starting in April 2023.
500
No more transparency on government censorship.
501
It looks like it's down to the whims of one super rich dude.
502
That is not free speech.
503
That is the antithesis of what this guy said he was going to build.
504
So no, I don't think Elon Musk is earnest about these three things that he said were his motive for buying Twitter.
505
In fact, after looking into all of this, I'm having a hard time figuring out what Elon is earnest about at all,
506
other than his belief that humans have the potential to do amazing things.
507
I do believe that in all of this that is the one thing that has stayed consistent.
508
But how he's pursuing that goal and that vision in recent years is baffling,
509
confusing, and in my mind quite harmful to our society.
510
Twitter seems much more like a platform where he can bully the people he doesn't like.
511
He can feed his addiction to crisis and controversy while also showing a a childish hypocrisy in his principles and values.
512
But unlike his other ventures, which you can tell when they're successful because they're physics, the rocket either goes up into space or it doesn't,
513
the car drives or it doesn't, this new venture doesn't have a physical feedback loop that tells him if it's doing good or working.
514
Instead, he's playing with the delicate, precarious nature of information in the internet age.
515
Something that is already in crisis and now is being chipped away at by one rich dude who gets off on crisis.
516
And what blows my mind most is that in the process of all of this, Musk is undermining his own dream, his own vision.
517
This is a sentiment I heard from the employees and colleagues of Elon Musk.
518
They felt betrayed.
519
Like this man pushed them to think differently, to do things that seemed impossible.
520
All in the name of this grand vision of what humanity could be, what we could do as a civilization.
521
And yet in recent years he seems to be sabotaging that very vision.
522
Alienating the people and customers that he needs to bring this vision to life.
523
In my mind, Elon has exchanged that vision for controversy and division that forces all of us to talk about it.
524
Here we are, talking about it.
525
Talking about him.
526
I think a part of him loves that or needs that.
527
And yet after all of this, Defenders of Elon will continue to argue that only someone like this could be the one to change the world.
528
To anyone I've offended, I just want to say I reinvented electric cars
529
and I'm sending people to Mars in a rocket ship.
530
Did you think I was also gonna be a chill normal dude?
531
And yeah, I get that.
532
The people who change the world aren't normal and orthodox.
533
They're not nice.
534
But I don't accept this way of thinking about Musk today.
535
Maybe a couple years ago.
536
But in recent years, Musk has shown it's his addiction to crisis
537
and attention that is having a corrosive effect on our society.
538
Validating and glorifying ways of acting that rewards the worst parts of us.
539
And instead of saving civilization, driving us further apart.
540
Hey everyone, thanks for watching this deep dive on Elon Musk.
541
I want to tell you about our new channel called Search Party.
542
It is a deep dive into geopolitics and sports.
543
It is started by Sam Ellis, my old Vox colleague, who now has a wonderful channel that we collaborate on, and it is awesome.
544
Go check it out.
545
Thank you, everyone, over at the newsroom, which is our Patreon.
546
People who support our deep dive reporting every month really appreciate your support.
547
Patreon.com slash Johnny Harris if you want to go check out the perks there.
548
We also still have a few hundred copies of this poster that I designed a few months ago,
549
maybe last year and it is still around a few hundred copies left if you want to go
550
buy them
551
if they still exist at this point I could be sold
552
out it is a poster of all the map projections
553
and it's called all maps are wrong
554
and I'm very proud of it you can have it on
555
your wall like I have it on mine all of our sources are in the description
556
if you want to go poke into them
557
and thank you all for being here I'll see you in the next one bye
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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント
このB2レベルのスピーキングレッスンは、動画「The Problem With Elon Musk」を教材にしています。 繰り返し出てくる語は次のとおりです：Twitter, Elon, Musk。 この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が557文、単語が7421語あります。 音声の長さは42:34です。 話す速さは1分あたり約174語で、日常会話に近い自然なペースです。 単語の83%は英語の頻出3,000語に含まれます。残りは練習の前に確認しておきましょう。
この動画の重要語彙
動画の中で特に難しい単語15語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。
| 単語 | 発音 | 意味 |
|---|---|---|
| censorship 名詞 | /ˈsɛnsɚʃɪp/ | 検閲 |
| censor 名詞 | /ˈsɛnsɚ/ | 検閲官 |
| tweet 名詞 | /ˈtwiːt/ | ツイート, つぶやき |
| bias 名詞 | /ˈbaɪ.əs/ | 偏り, 傾斜 |
| harmful 形容詞 | /ˈhɑɹmfl̩/ | 有害な |
| dive 動詞 | /daɪv/ | 潜る |
| criticize 動詞 | /ˈkɹɪtɪsaɪz/ | 批判する, 非難する |
| civilization 名詞 | /ˌsɪv.ɪ.laɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/ | 文明 |
| infect 動詞 | /ɪnˈfɛkt/ | 感染させる |
| comply 動詞 | /kəmˈplaɪ/ | 従う, 応じる |
| megaphone 名詞 | /ˈmɛɡəˌfoʊn/ | メガホン, 伝音器 |
| addict 名詞 | /ˈæd.ɪkt/ | 中毒者 |
| childish 形容詞 | /ˈt͡ʃaɪldɪʃ/ | 幼稚, 子供っぽい |
| transparency 名詞 | /tɹænsˈpæɹənsi/ | 透明性 |
| bore 動詞 | /boɹ/ | いらいらさせる |
動画に出てくる句動詞
| 単語 | 発音 | 意味 |
|---|---|---|
| take over 動詞 | 引き受ける | |
| check out 動詞 | 試験する, 検査する | |
| fight back 動詞 | /faɪt bæk/ | 巻き返す |
| go away 動詞 | 去る, 出る | |
| shut down 動詞 | シャットダウン | |
| blow up 動詞 | 爆破する, 爆発する | |
| come out 動詞 | /ˌkʌm ˈaʊt/ | 出る |
| fill out 動詞 | /fɪl ˈaʊt/ | 書き込む, 記入する |
繰り返し練習したい文
動画に出てくる短く完結した文です。日常会話でそのまま使えます。
- Is your storm a happy storm?
- Don't let them know your name.
- What can we learn from it before we do that?
- Something we'll talk about more in a little bit.
- Elon, where is your conviction for free speech?
この動画の文法
話し手がよく使っている文型を、動画の実際の表現とともに紹介します。
| 文型 | 動画での表現 |
|---|---|
| 「used to」 used to + 動詞 — 今はもう違う過去の習慣や状態 | used to love · used to buy · used to have |
| 現在完了進行形 have/has been + -ing — 以前に始まり今も続いている動作 | I've been going · I've been using |
| 現在完了形 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去の出来事が今も関係している | I've grown tired · have worked · I've talked |
| 受動態 be + 過去分詞 — 誰がするかより、何が起きるかに焦点を当てる | was born · was bullied · was never diagnosed |
注意したい発音
話し手はdon't, I'm, doesn'tなど、短縮形や弱形を92回使っています。聞こえたとおりの短い形で発音しましょう。
- 「th」の音: algorithmic /ˌælɡəˈɹɪðmɪk/, algorithm /ˈælɡəɹɪðm̩/, unethical /ʌnˈɛθɪkəl/
- 「sh」と「zh」の音: censorship /ˈsɛnsɚʃɪp/, civilization /ˌsɪv.ɪ.laɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/, childish /ˈt͡ʃaɪldɪʃ/, addiction /əˈdɪkˌʃən/, amplification /ˌæmplɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/
- 長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: civilization /ˌsɪv.ɪ.laɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/, algorithmic /ˌælɡəˈɹɪðmɪk/, transparency /tɹænsˈpæɹənsi/, intensity /ɪnˈtɛnsɪti/, amplification /ˌæmplɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/
日本語話者が苦手な音：
- /r/ と /l/ の区別 — /l/ は舌先を歯茎につけ、/r/ はどこにもつけない: harmful /ˈhɑɹmfl̩/, algorithmic /ˌælɡəˈɹɪðmɪk/, algorithm /ˈælɡəɹɪðm̩/, emerald /ˈɛm.(ə.)ɹəld/, rebuild /ɹiːˈbɪld/
- /v/ — /b/ にならないように、上の歯を下唇に当てる: dive /daɪv/, reinvent /ɹiːɪnˈvɛnt/, civilization /ˌsɪv.ɪ.laɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/, motive /ˈmoʊtɪv/, corrosive /kəˈɹəʊsɪv/
- /f/ — 「フ」ではなく、上の歯と下唇で出す: harmful /ˈhɑɹmfl̩/, infect /ɪnˈfɛkt/, amplify /ˈæm.plə.faɪ/, megaphone /ˈmɛɡəˌfoʊn/, amplification /ˌæmplɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/
この動画での練習方法
- まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
- まず0.75倍速で一文ずつシャドーイングし、慣れてきたら通常の速度に戻します。
- 自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。censorship, censor, tweetなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。