シャドーイング練習: What Do Worms Eat? - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ
レッスンを作成中...
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What do worms eat?
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Hi!
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Welcome to Curious Kids Every Day.
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I'm Josh.
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How are you doing today?
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It's so good to hear from you.
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Hey, if I asked you to act like a worm right now, what would you do?
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Here, I'll give you some music.
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Why don't you act like a worm for a minute?
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Ready?
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Three, two, one, go!
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I'm guessing that you were squirming and bending your body all over the place, right?
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That's how worms move!
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They are some of the strangest and most fascinating creatures in the animal kingdom.
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You know we did an episode one time about how unique a worm's body is
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but today I want to talk about.. well it's kind of related to that but it's something else.
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See I was thinking about worms today because I got a question from a kid in the Curious Kids Club named Ellie.
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Ellie wondered...
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Hello, my name is Ellie, and I was wondering, what do worms eat?
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Okay, well, first, there are lots of different kinds of worms, and they don't all eat the same things.
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But today, we're going to talk about earthworms.
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Because when you hear the word worm, you're probably thinking about the little creatures you see digging around in your backyard, right?
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Those are usually earthworms.
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And a lot of earthworms' food comes from material that is already starting to break down.
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So think about a leaf that falls from a tree.
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Now does that leaf stay there forever?
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No, it eventually becomes softer and it begins to decay.
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Dead roots and other leftover pieces of plants, they break down too.
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This material is called organic material.
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Can you say organic material?
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Different kinds of earthworms find this food in different places.
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Some live close to the surface and feed among fallen leaves and other plant material.
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Others burrow through soil that contains bits of organic matter.
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go go even deeper and deeper, they burrow really deep, and they pull plant material from the surface down toward their burrows.
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But there's another important part of the earthworm's meal.
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All over that decaying material are tiny living things called microorganisms.
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Can you say microorganisms?
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Bacteria and fungi are examples of microorganisms.
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Earthworms can swallow these microorganisms along with the decaying material and soil around them.
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That means when you see an earthworm moving through dirt, it may actually swallow some of that soil as it searches for food inside it.
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But here's where things get really interesting, because earthworms don't have teeth.
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Food enters through the earthworm's mouth, and then a muscular part called the pharynx helps pull the food inside.
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Then the food travels to an organ called the crop, where it can be held for a little while, and after that it enters the gizzard.
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Do you know what the gizzard is?
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The gizzard is a strong muscular organ that grinds the food into smaller pieces.
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Tiny gritty particles, such as bits of sand or soil, can help with the grinding.
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After the gizzard finishes grinding, the food moves into the intestine.
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There the earthworm digests the food and absorbs nutrients its body can use.
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Whatever is left eventually passes out of the earthworm's body, like it's going to the bathroom.
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But that material is called a casting.
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You may have seen earthworm castings before without realizing.
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They can look like tiny clumps of crumbling soil.
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Earthworms can even help us recycle certain kinds of food waste.
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A type of earthworm called a red wiggler is commonly kept in special compost bins.
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People give them things like fruits and vegetable scraps, and as that food begins breaking down,
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microorganisms grow on it and worms consume the microorganisms along with some of the decomposing food.
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Eventually the worms produce castings that can be added to the soil.
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So the worms eat from the soil and then add to it.
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Pretty amazing.
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Their castings contain nutrients that help the soil hold water and air, which can make it a better place for plants to grow.
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So if you dig into the dirt and you find an earthworm, there's a good chance that while you were digging, you also dug up some of its food too.
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Decaying plant material and tiny microorganisms living on it.
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Isn't that amazing?
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Alright, let's have a quick quiz and see what we learned today.
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What do we call dead plant material that is breaking down in soil?
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It's called organic matter.
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And what organ inside an earthworm grinds its food?
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It's called the gizzard.
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And what can help the gizzard grind food into smaller pieces?
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Gritty particles such as sand or soil.
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And what do we call the processed materials that pass out of an earthworm?
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They're called castings.
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All right, let's play true or false.
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True or false, earthworms have teeth that they can use to chew their food.
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Nope, that's false.
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True or false, earthworms can eat microorganisms living on decaying material. That is true.
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True or false, some earthworms pull plant material from the surface toward their burrows. That is true, too.
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Would you rather have a pet worm or a pet fish?
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You know what?
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I've never had either of these things.
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I've never had a worm or a fish, but I've seen lots of worms and I've seen lots of fish.
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And if I had to pick just one, I think I'd choose the worm.
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Yeah, because the worm can kind of just feed itself.
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You gotta feed a fish.
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Alright, let's play a round of what am I.
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What am I?
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I can be so small that you can't see me without a microscope.
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I can live on decaying material.
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And bacteria and fungi are two examples of me.
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What am I?
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I am a microorganism.
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You want to play one more round of what am I?
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I got one more.
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Ready?
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What am I?
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You might find me sitting on the ground.
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I once grew on a plant.
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And after I fall and begin to decay, I can become food for earthworms.
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What am I?
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I am a leaf.
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Well, now we know what earthworms eat.
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They eat decaying plant material and the tiny microorganisms living on it.
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Some earthworms swallow soil along with their food, and because they don't have teeth, a muscular gizzard helps grind everything into smaller pieces.
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After the food moves through the digestive system, the remaining material leaves the worm as things called castings,
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and those castings are actually helpful for the soil.
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They contain nutrients that help the soil hold water and air, which can make it a better place for plants to grow.
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Isn't that amazing?
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Worms are a really important part of nature.
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The next time you see one, make sure to say, thank you, little worm.
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Now, before we say goodbye today, I want to say a special thank you to our friend, Miss Dolly.
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She has mailed so many wonderful books to my kids over the years because she wanted to help them learn to read.
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She's also done
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so many things to make Tennessee such a great place to
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live we will always love you miss Dolly what kind of
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question do you think we'll ask tomorrow on curious kids every day I can't wait to find out
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so until then keep asking questions and stay curious kids
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and some of the kids in the curious kids club have birthdays today
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Ralphie from South Carolina is turning two today happy birthday Ralphie
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Betty from Florida is turning four today happy birthday Betty all
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these kids are turning five today violet from Florida happy birthday violet Teddy from Illinois happy birthday Teddy
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and Conrad from New York happy birthday Conrad all these kids
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are turning six today Riley from Minnesota happy birthday Riley Drea
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from Colorado happy birthday Drea Marin from Colorado happy birthday Marin
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Mila from Virginia happy birthday Mila Oliver from Oklahoma happy birthday Oliver Olivia from Ontario happy birthday Olivia
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and Josie from Michigan happy birthday Josie these kids are turning seven today
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and race from Florida happy birthday and race
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and Ayla from Alberta Canada happy birthday Ayla and then Liam from Kentucky is turning eight today.
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Happy birthday, Liam.
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To all the grownups listening, if your curious kid wants their birthday mentioned on the show, please visit supportcuriouskids.com and join the Curious Kids Club.
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That's supportcuriouskids.com.
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See you tomorrow.
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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント
この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が131文、単語が1409語あります。 音声の長さは12:21です。 話す速さは1分あたり約114語で安定しており、シャドーイングしやすいペースです。 単語の78%は英語の頻出3,000語に含まれます。残りは練習の前に確認しておきましょう。
この動画の重要語彙
動画に出てくる覚えておきたい単語15語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。
| 単語 | 発音 | 意味 |
|---|---|---|
| worm 名詞 | /wɝm/ | 蚯蚓, 蠕虫 |
| soil 名詞 | /sɔɪl/ | 土, 土壌 |
| decay 名詞 | /diˈkeɪ/ | 腐敗 |
| curious 形容詞 | /ˈkjʊɹ.i.əs/ | 好奇心の強い, 知りたがる |
| grind 動詞 | /ˈɡɹaɪnd/ | 挽く |
| leaf 名詞 | /lif/ | 葉, 葉っぱ |
| organic 形容詞 | /ɔːˈɡænɪk/ | 有機 |
| organ 名詞 | /ˈɔːɡən/ | 器官 |
| swallow 動詞 | /ˈswɑ.loʊ/ | 嚥下する, 飲み込む |
| muscular 形容詞 | /ˈmʌs.kjʊl.ə/ | ムキムキ |
| nutrient 名詞 | /ˈnuː.tɹi.ənt/ | 栄養, 栄養素 |
| sand 名詞 | /sænd/ | 砂 |
| dirt 名詞 | /dɝt/ | 泥, 土 |
| dig 動詞 | /dɪɡ/ | 掘る |
| particle 名詞 | /ˈpɑɹtək(ə)l/ | 粒子 |
動画に出てくる句動詞
| 単語 | 意味 |
|---|---|
| find out 動詞 | 見出す, 調べる |
この動画の文法
話し手がよく使っている文型を、動画の実際の表現とともに紹介します。
| 文型 | 動画での表現 |
|---|---|
| 受動態 be + 過去分詞 — 誰がするかより、何が起きるかに焦点を当てる | is called · can be held · is left |
| 現在完了形 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去の出来事が今も関係している | I've never had · has mailed |
| 関係詞節 who / which + 節 — 人や物について情報を加える | air, which can |
| 過去進行形 was/were + -ing — 過去のある時点で進行中だった動作 | were squirming · was thinking · was wondering |
注意したい発音
話し手はdon't, I've, can'tなど、短縮形や弱形を21回使っています。聞こえたとおりの短い形で発音しましょう。
この動画での練習方法
- まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
- 通常の速度で一文ずつシャドーイングし、話し手のリズムに合うまで繰り返します。
- 自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。worm, soil, decayなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。