シャドーイング練習: What is AI? - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ

What is AI?

You've probably heard a lot about artificial intelligence or AI in the last few years.

News and social media has been flooded with stories

and reports about AI and there's been a global conversation about the balance between risks and supporting innovation.

But once we sweep away some of the complicated words, cliched imagery and science fiction, what is artificial intelligence?

The term artificial intelligence can mean a lot of things and there is no single definition that is suitable for every scenario.

But one widely accepted meaning is that AI systems are machines

that perform tasks that normally require human intelligence and often learn from and use data to do those tasks.

The idea of AI has been around for a long time.

Discussions around artificial intelligence began in the 1940s and 1950s with the advent of computers

and had already entered homes by the end of the 20th century with the AI systems inside automated vacuum cleaners.

AI systems follow the rules of an algorithm or a method of data analysis called machine learning to make predictions and decisions.

These systems are often used to do tasks that are traditionally thought of as requiring humans.

So, what are the different types of artificial intelligence?

Here are a few examples.

Narrow AI is the type of AI that has been around the longest.

It is an artificial intelligence system that has been developed or trained to do one specific task.

For example, a fraud detection tool might be trained to look for patterns in a set of financial transactions

and flag the need for investigations.

General purpose AI involves using large quantities of data to train a system to perform a wide range of tasks.

These AI systems can be used to generate content, translate languages or answer queries.

They are often referred to as foundation models

because they can provide a base system upon which more specific AI applications can be built.

You may also have heard of the term Artificial General Intelligence or AGI.

This is an idea that computers will soon be able to achieve general intelligence and autonomy, but this is still, as yet, very much theoretical.

Has your council started discussions about an AI strategy?

What existing processes in your council could benefit from AI support?

What training or guidance might you and your team need to work effectively with AI?

Watch more of our AI Unpack series to explore answers to some of the most common questions about AI.

These videos explain some of the terms and concepts to help you understand how you and your organisation

might respond to the opportunities and challenges the AI brings.

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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント

繰り返し出てくる語は次のとおりです：intelligence, artificial, task, term。この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が31文、単語が447語あります。音声の長さは2:48です。話す速さは1分あたり約160語で、日常会話に近い自然なペースです。英語の頻出3,000語に含まれる単語は80%だけなので、語彙は難しめです。全31文のうち6文が疑問文なので、疑問文のイントネーションや短い受け答えの練習に向いています。

この動画の重要語彙

動画の中で特に難しい単語13語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。

単語	発音	意味
automate 動詞	/ˈɔ.təˌmeɪt/	自動化する
query 名詞	/ˈkwɪɹ.i/	質問
imagery 名詞	/ˈɪmɪd͡ʒɹi/	画像
autonomy 名詞	/ɔˈtɑ.nə.mi/	自治
cleaner 名詞	/ˈkli.nɚ/	清掃員, 掃除婦
translate 動詞	/tɹænzˈleɪt/	訳す, 翻訳する
prediction 名詞	/pɹɪˈdɪkʃən/	予言, 予測
sweep 動詞	/swiːp/	掃除する, 掃く
theoretical 形容詞	/ˌθi.əˈɹɛt.ɪ.kəl/	理論的な
algorithm 名詞	/ˈælɡəɹɪðm̩/	アルゴリズム, 演算手順
quantity 名詞	/ˈkwɑn(t)ɪti/	量, 数量
vacuum 名詞	/ˈvæ.kjuːm/	真空
scenario 名詞	/sɪˈnɛəɹioʊ/	脚本, 台本

この動画の文法

話し手がよく使っている文型を、動画の実際の表現とともに紹介します。

文型	動画での表現
現在完了形 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去の出来事が今も関係している	You've probably heard · has been flooded · has been
受動態 be + 過去分詞 — 誰がするかより、何が起きるかに焦点を当てる	has been flooded · has been developed · might be trained

注意したい発音

「th」の音: theoretical /ˌθi.əˈɹɛt.ɪ.kəl/, algorithm /ˈælɡəɹɪðm̩/
「sh」と「zh」の音: prediction /pɹɪˈdɪkʃən/, traditionally /tɹəˈdɪʃ.ə.nə.li/, detection /dɪˈtɛk.ʃən/
長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: autonomy /ɔˈtɑ.nə.mi/, theoretical /ˌθi.əˈɹɛt.ɪ.kəl/, traditionally /tɹəˈdɪʃ.ə.nə.li/

日本語話者が苦手な音：

/r/ と /l/ の区別 — /l/ は舌先を歯茎につけ、/r/ はどこにもつけない: translate /tɹænzˈleɪt/, theoretical /ˌθi.əˈɹɛt.ɪ.kəl/, algorithm /ˈælɡəɹɪðm̩/, traditionally /tɹəˈdɪʃ.ə.nə.li/
/v/ — /b/ にならないように、上の歯を下唇に当てる: advent /ˈæd.vɛnt/, vacuum /ˈvæ.kjuːm/
子音の連続 — 間に母音を入れない: query /ˈkwɪɹ.i/, advent /ˈæd.vɛnt/, cleaner /ˈkli.nɚ/, translate /tɹænzˈleɪt/, prediction /pɹɪˈdɪkʃən/

この動画での練習方法

まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
まず0.75倍速で一文ずつシャドーイングし、慣れてきたら通常の速度に戻します。
自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。automate, query, imageryなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。

シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由

シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。

シャドーイングのやり方: ステップ別の完全ガイドを読む →

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