シャドーイング練習: Why are some animals black and white? ⏲️ 6 Minute English - YouTubeで英語スピーキングを学ぶ
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6 Minute English from BBC Learning English.
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6 Minute English from BBC Learning English.
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Hello, this is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English.
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I'm Neil.
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And I'm Becca.
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Neil, what do the following animals have in common?
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Zebras, giant pandas and magpies.
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That's pretty easy, Becca.
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They're all black and white.
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Right.
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But do you know why these animals evolved to be black and white?
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Mmm, I'm not so sure.
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Probably something about survival.
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That's usually the answer, isn't it?
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It is.
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The animal world is full of colour,
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shiny blue peacocks and bright green frogs.
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But in fact, hundreds of animal species are black and white.
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In this episode, we'll try to find out why,
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while also learning some useful new words and phrases.
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And remember, all the vocabulary from this episode is available on our website, bbclearningenglish.com.
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OK, time for a question for you, Becca.
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According to one theory, some animals are black and white to warn potential predators that they're dangerous or they taste bad.
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But what is the scientific term for this?
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Is it a camouflage, b mimicry or c aposomatism?
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Well, Neil, I'm going to go with c just because I've never heard of that word before.
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OK, I like...
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I like your style.
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Some scientists think zebra's distinctive black and white stripes prevent bites from flies and other insects.
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Zoologist Dr Martin Howe tested this theory by covering horses,
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a close relative of the zebra, in stripes.
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Here Martin discusses his experiment with Caroline Steele from BBC World Service programme CrowdScience.
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Do we know what it is about the stripes that's putting them off?
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Is it somehow like visually confusing?
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We originally set out to test whether maybe there were these optical illusions at play.
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So we did a whole bunch of tests where we tried different patterns of rugs,
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but it turned out that practically every high contrast pattern,
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every black and white pattern we used,
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almost every pattern was really effective at stopping flies.
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Martin conducted a whole bunch of,
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meaning a lot of, tests using different colours and patterns.
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Black and white stripes created an optical illusion – a visual trick
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that makes your eyes see things differently from how they really are.
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As a result, the flies were put off.
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They lost interest and didn't bite.
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So zebras' stripes confuse insects,
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telling them to look elsewhere for food.
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But are there other reasons animals are black and white?
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Nobody who's seen giant pandas in a zoo would find them hard to spot.
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Against a grassy background they stand out easily.
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But seen from a distance in the snowy mountain forest where they live,
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black and white makes the perfect disguise.
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Here's Professor Tim Caro, a world authority on animal behaviour,
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explaining more to Caroline Steele for BBC World Service's CrowdScience.
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The giveaway for me was 15 photos of giant pandas taken either fairly close up or at a distance.
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And in two of those photos,
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I was unable to see anything in the picture other than rocks and snow.
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And then later on, I realised that,
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in fact, there was a giant panda in the centre of that picture some distance away.
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Immediately that clicked in my mind.
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The pandas were so well camouflaged,
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Tim couldn't spot them in the photos.
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That's when something clicked in his mind – a phrase used when you suddenly understand something after trying for a long time.
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Tim understood that pandas use colour to hide.
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He calls this a giveaway – something that makes it easy for people to discover something secret or unknown.
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So, are animals black and white to repel insects, like zebras?
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Or for camouflage, like pandas?
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Let's give the final word to Hannah Rowland,
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a researcher into another black and white animal – penguins.
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Really, science never has a black and white answer.
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Excuse the pun, with penguins being black and white.
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It's often a very complex mixture of reasons.
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The answer to why animals are black and white is not black and white.
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A situation described as black and white means one where it's easy to understand what's right and wrong.
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In fact, there's no one reason why animals are black and white.
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Zebras avoid bites, pandas hide from predators,
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and some animals, like skunks,
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warn other animals they're dangerous.
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It all depends on the specific animal.
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And talking of skunks reminds me of my question, Becca.
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According to one theory, some animals are black and white to warn potential predators they're dangerous or taste bad.
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But what is the scientific term?
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And I chose C, aposomatism,
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because I'd never heard of it before.
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Well, that's a great way of choosing.
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And it's done well for you because you're correct.
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Woohoo!
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OK, let's recap the vocabulary we've learned,
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starting with optical illusion, a visual trick where your eyes perceive things differently from how they really are.
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A whole bunch of something means a lot of something.
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If something puts you off,
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it causes you to dislike it or lose interest.
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A giveaway is something that makes it easy for people to discover something secret or unknown.
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The phrase, something clicked in my mind,
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is used when you suddenly understand something at last.
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And finally, if you describe something as black and white,
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you mean it's easy to understand what is right and wrong.
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Once again, our six minutes are up!
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But head over to our website,
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bbclearningenglish.com, for a quiz and worksheet for this episode.
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See you there soon, but for now it's goodbye.
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Goodbye!
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豊富な動画ライブラリ
文脈と背景
この動画は、動物がなぜ黒と白の色合いを持っているのか、という疑問を探る内容です。ナビゲーターであるニールさんとベッカさんが、シマウマ、ジャイアントパンダ、カササギといった身近な動物の特徴を通じて、進化の過程や生存戦略についての考察を展開します。特に、彼らの色合いがどのように捕食者から身を守る役割を果たしているのか、また科学的な説明についても触れています。この話を通じて、英語スピーキング練習のための新しい語彙やフレーズも学ぶことができます。
日常会話のための5つのフレーズ
- What do the following animals have in common? - 次の動物たちに共通することは何ですか？
- They're all black and white. - 彼らは皆、黒と白です。
- Probably something about survival. - おそらく生存に関する何かです。
- It turned out that... - ...という結果になりました。
- Is it somehow like visually confusing? - それは視覚的に混乱させるようなものでしょうか？
ステップバイステップ シャドーイング ガイド
この動画では、動物に関する科学的な要素と日常的な対話が入り混じっています。英語シャドーイングを行う際には、以下の手順に従って練習を進めることをおすすめします。
- ビデオを観る: 初めに全体を観て、話の流れを把握します。
- フレーズに注目: 特に重要なフレーズや新しい単語に焦点を当て、メモを取ります。
- 音声を分断: 動画を一時停止しながら、短いフレーズや文を繰り返します。最初はニールさんやベッカさんの後に続いて発声し、自分の声で再現します。
- 録音して確認: 自分の声を録音し、発音やイントネーションをチェックします。これにより、英語スピーキング練習がより効果的になります。
- 定期的に復習: 時間を置いて再度シャドーイングを行うことで、記憶が定着しやすくなります。また、shadow speechの技術を使って、リズムや調子を意識して発音練習を続けることも重要です。
このように、動画を活用して英語シャドーイングのスキルを向上させ、自然な会話を楽しむための基礎を築きましょう。やがて、shadow speakの技術が身に付けば、会話の流暢さが増すことでしょう。
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。