Prática de Shadowing: Why are some animals black and white? ⏲️ 6 Minute English - Aprenda a falar inglês com o YouTube

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6 Minute English from BBC Learning English.
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6 Minute English from BBC Learning English.
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Hello, this is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English.
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I'm Neil.
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And I'm Becca.
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Neil, what do the following animals have in common?
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Zebras, giant pandas and magpies.
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That's pretty easy, Becca.
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They're all black and white.
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Right.
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But do you know why these animals evolved to be black and white?
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Mmm, I'm not so sure.
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Probably something about survival.
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That's usually the answer, isn't it?
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It is.
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The animal world is full of colour,
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shiny blue peacocks and bright green frogs.
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But in fact, hundreds of animal species are black and white.
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In this episode, we'll try to find out why,
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while also learning some useful new words and phrases.
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And remember, all the vocabulary from this episode is available on our website, bbclearningenglish.com.
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OK, time for a question for you, Becca.
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According to one theory, some animals are black and white to warn potential predators that they're dangerous or they taste bad.
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But what is the scientific term for this?
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Is it a camouflage, b mimicry or c aposomatism?
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Well, Neil, I'm going to go with c just because I've never heard of that word before.
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OK, I like...
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I like your style.
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Some scientists think zebra's distinctive black and white stripes prevent bites from flies and other insects.
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Zoologist Dr Martin Howe tested this theory by covering horses,
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a close relative of the zebra, in stripes.
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Here Martin discusses his experiment with Caroline Steele from BBC World Service programme CrowdScience.
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Do we know what it is about the stripes that's putting them off?
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Is it somehow like visually confusing?
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We originally set out to test whether maybe there were these optical illusions at play.
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So we did a whole bunch of tests where we tried different patterns of rugs,
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but it turned out that practically every high contrast pattern,
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every black and white pattern we used,
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almost every pattern was really effective at stopping flies.
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Martin conducted a whole bunch of,
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meaning a lot of, tests using different colours and patterns.
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Black and white stripes created an optical illusion – a visual trick
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that makes your eyes see things differently from how they really are.
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As a result, the flies were put off.
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They lost interest and didn't bite.
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So zebras' stripes confuse insects,
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telling them to look elsewhere for food.
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But are there other reasons animals are black and white?
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Nobody who's seen giant pandas in a zoo would find them hard to spot.
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Against a grassy background they stand out easily.
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But seen from a distance in the snowy mountain forest where they live,
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black and white makes the perfect disguise.
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Here's Professor Tim Caro, a world authority on animal behaviour,
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explaining more to Caroline Steele for BBC World Service's CrowdScience.
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The giveaway for me was 15 photos of giant pandas taken either fairly close up or at a distance.
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And in two of those photos,
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I was unable to see anything in the picture other than rocks and snow.
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And then later on, I realised that,
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in fact, there was a giant panda in the centre of that picture some distance away.
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Immediately that clicked in my mind.
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The pandas were so well camouflaged,
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Tim couldn't spot them in the photos.
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That's when something clicked in his mind – a phrase used when you suddenly understand something after trying for a long time.
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Tim understood that pandas use colour to hide.
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He calls this a giveaway – something that makes it easy for people to discover something secret or unknown.
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So, are animals black and white to repel insects, like zebras?
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Or for camouflage, like pandas?
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Let's give the final word to Hannah Rowland,
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a researcher into another black and white animal – penguins.
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Really, science never has a black and white answer.
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Excuse the pun, with penguins being black and white.
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It's often a very complex mixture of reasons.
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The answer to why animals are black and white is not black and white.
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A situation described as black and white means one where it's easy to understand what's right and wrong.
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In fact, there's no one reason why animals are black and white.
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Zebras avoid bites, pandas hide from predators,
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and some animals, like skunks,
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warn other animals they're dangerous.
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It all depends on the specific animal.
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And talking of skunks reminds me of my question, Becca.
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According to one theory, some animals are black and white to warn potential predators they're dangerous or taste bad.
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But what is the scientific term?
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And I chose C, aposomatism,
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because I'd never heard of it before.
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Well, that's a great way of choosing.
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And it's done well for you because you're correct.
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Woohoo!
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OK, let's recap the vocabulary we've learned,
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starting with optical illusion, a visual trick where your eyes perceive things differently from how they really are.
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A whole bunch of something means a lot of something.
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If something puts you off,
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it causes you to dislike it or lose interest.
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A giveaway is something that makes it easy for people to discover something secret or unknown.
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The phrase, something clicked in my mind,
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is used when you suddenly understand something at last.
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And finally, if you describe something as black and white,
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you mean it's easy to understand what is right and wrong.
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Once again, our six minutes are up!
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But head over to our website,
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bbclearningenglish.com, for a quiz and worksheet for this episode.
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See you there soon, but for now it's goodbye.
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Goodbye!

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Contexto e Antecedentes

O vídeo "Por que alguns animais são pretos e brancos?" da série 6 Minute English da BBC aborda a curiosidade sobre a coloração de algumas espécies de animais, como zebras, pandas gigantes e pica-paus. Os apresentadores, Neil e Becca, discutem as razões evolutivas que levam esses animais a terem essa coloração, focando na sobrevivência e nos mecanismos de defesa contra predadores. O conteúdo é enriquecido com novas palavras e expressões úteis para os aprendizes de inglês, sendo uma excelente oportunidade para praticar a conversação em inglês.

Top 5 Frases para Comunicação Diária

  • O que estes animais têm em comum? - Uma boa frase para iniciar uma conversa ou debate sobre animais.
  • Provavelmente algo sobre sobrevivência. - Útil para discutir teorias ou hipóteses.
  • Isso é uma ilusão óptica. - Pode ser usado em contextos científicos e educativos.
  • Estamos testando essa teoria. - Frase comum em debates de pesquisa e experimentos.
  • Animais são uma parte fascinante do nosso mundo. - Modelo de conversa para iniciar um tópico sobre biodiversidade.

Guia Passo a Passo de Shadowing

Para melhorar sua habilidade de fala em inglês através do shadowing com este vídeo, siga estas etapas:

  1. Assista ao vídeo uma vez sem legendas. - Foque na compreensão do contexto geral antes de aprofundar-se no vocabulário.
  2. Reveja o vídeo com legendas em inglês. - Isso ajudará a conectar a pronúncia com a escrita e melhorar sua habilidade de ouvir.
  3. Escolha pequenas seções do vídeo. - Selecione 20-30 segundos e repita as frases em voz alta, imitando a entonação e o ritmo dos apresentadores.
  4. Use um recurso de shadowing. - Sites que oferecem suporte a essa técnica, como shadow speaks, podem ser valiosos para sua prática. Repita os trechos escolhidos, prestando atenção na entonação e na fluência.
  5. Grave sua voz. - Escute suas gravações e compare com o original. Identifique áreas para melhorar sua pronúncia e fluência. Pratique regularmente com materiais de aprender inglês com youtube para manter a consistência.

Com este guia, você poderá ganhar confiança na prática da conversação em inglês e aprimorar sua compreensão auditiva, tornando o aprendizado mais eficaz e agradável.

O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?

Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.

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