シャドーイング練習: Why Michael Jackson’s Death was 25 Years in the Making - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ
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1
I don't want my brother's death to be a mystery to us or the public.
2
We want the world to know what really happened to him.
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It's June 25th, 2009, 2.26pm Pacific Time.
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The alarm sound comes on over the system and says 50 year old male cardiac arrest, 100 North Carolwood.
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He's pumping his chest but he's not responding to anything, sir.
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Did anybody witness what happened?
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No, just the doctor, sir.
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We're on our way.
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In minutes of Michael Jackson's death being reported, the internet began to break.
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Michael Jackson, the pop star, the king of pop, the king of pop, pop music and dance innovator.
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He has been rushed to a Los Angeles hospital.
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We've also been told that Michael Jackson was brought here in full cardiac arrest, that he wasn't breathing or conscious when they picked him up in the ambulance.
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The LA Times was the first major news organization to confirm he was gone.
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That article recorded 2.3 million page views in a single hour.
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And it kept going.
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TMZ crashed, AOL crashed, ABC, CBS, and CNN money went dark.
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Yahoo's story, Michael Jackson Rushed to Hospital, got 800,000 clicks in 10 minutes.
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So many people searched Michael Jackson on Google simultaneously that they thought they were under cyber attack.
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Wikipedia crashed at 3.15 p.m.
20
Users were in editing war over whether or not he was dead before the news was officially confirmed.
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By then, nearly a million people visited his Wikipedia article in a single hour.
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AOL called it, quote, a seminal moment in internet history.
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The whole world knew Michael Jackson had died.
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But do we actually know why?
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Everyone thinks they know what happened.
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A propofol dose gone wrong.
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But that's not the whole story.
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Michael Jackson's death wasn't caused by a single night in 2009.
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It was the final domino in a 25 year chain that began with Pepsi and ended with propofol.
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This is the 15 seconds that killed Michael Jackson.
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There are more than 20 documentaries about Michael Jackson, and that's just counting the ones formerly tagged on Wikipedia.
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The real number is uncountable.
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This year, Michael became the highest grossing musical biopic of all time.
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Just the movie trailer was viewed 30 million times in six hours and 116 million times in 24 hours.
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That's more than any trailer for any musical biopic or concert film in history.
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And weeks after the movie was released, yet another documentary on the 2005 trial titled The Verdict dropped on Netflix.
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No other entertainer commands this much screen time or cultural attention 17 years after his death. So
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when this larger than life figure in the midst of a
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massive comeback was struck down at just 50 years old from an anesthetic in his own bedroom, something didn't add up.
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The night of June 25th, 2009 was just the final domino.
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But where did the chain reaction start?
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We went looking for that domino.
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Here's what those 20 plus documentaries leave out.
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It's November 30th, 1982.
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Radio stations across America start playing a new album.
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Within weeks, it's everywhere.
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In cars, in living rooms, in every record store window in the country.
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Thriller.
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It's Michael's much anticipated album after the extraordinary success of Off the Wall.
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As we well know, it went on to become the highest selling album in the world
51
and still is with over 70 million copies.
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But in late 1982, none of that was written yet.
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What was already clear to anyone paying attention was that something had shifted.
54
Michael Jackson wasn't just popular.
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He was becoming something the music industry didn't quite have a word for yet.
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I made a deal with myself if I win one more award, which is this award, which is seven, which is a record, I would take off my glasses.
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Then this happened.
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Michael performed Billie Jean in front of a live audience and debuted his famous moonwalk.
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When it aired on NBC two months later, 47 million people watched it.
60
The following morning, the show's director was at the White House filming an interview.
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Every single person he passed from the elevator to the East Wing was talking about Michael.
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His performance was even nominated for an Emmy.
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It was that groundbreaking.
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Thriller already catapulted Michael into mega stardom, but the Motown performance sent his fame into the stratosphere.
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The next day after the show, when Fred Astaire called my house, he said, I saw the show last night, I taped it, I watched it twice this morning, and he said, you were incredible, you're a hell of a mover.
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And that was my reward because I think he's brilliant.
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By the time the death settled, Michael Jackson was the most famous entertainer on the planet.
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And this unprecedented fame is exactly what made this next decision possible.
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Michael wanted to do a solo tour for the Thriller album, his first one ever without his brothers.
70
But his family had other plans in mind.
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For his father, Joe Jackson, this was a chance to capitalize on the success of Thriller and show the world that the Jackson Five were back,
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or rather that they had never left.
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It was to be called the Victory Tour.
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Michael didn't want to do the Victory Tour, but according to his biographer, J.
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Randy Teraborelli, who spent 30 years documenting his life, it wasn't his father who changed his mind.
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It was his mother, Catherine.
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She appealed to him directly.
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The other brothers needed the money and Michael, by all accounts, couldn't say no to his mother.
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So the victory tour was announced.
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Don King, the famous American boxing promoter, was brought in as their tour promoter.
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To fund a tour of this scale, the Jacksons needed a corporate sponsor and they had one.
82
Apples and cinnamon.
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Apples and cinnamon.
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Quaker Oats came to the table with a serious offer.
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The Jacksons had pretty much all but finalized the deal.
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Then Don King showed up with a contract he'd already signed.
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King had been in talks with Pepsi before the Jacksons officially hired him.
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And before agreeing to any sponsorship deal, King signed with Pepsi on their behalf and presented it to the Jacksons as a done deal.
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The Pepsi deal was for a whopping $5 million, which at the time was the largest endorsement deal ever signed.
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But the Quaker Oats deal, according to Michael's own lawyer, John Branca, was 40% more money,
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40% more for a brand that Jacksons had actually chosen.
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But it didn't matter.
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King structured the Pepsi deal with an exclusivity clause, which meant the moment it was signed,
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no competing sponsor could come in regardless of what they offered.
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The Jacksons didn't choose that clause or this deal.
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Michael didn't even drink Pepsi, but they were now bound by it.
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So they took the deal and broke off talks with Quaker.
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Part of the arrangement was two TV commercials, but Michael had one condition.
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His face couldn't appear on screen for more than five seconds to avoid overexposing his image.
100
Watch the first commercial back.
101
You can count the seconds.
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The first commercial was straightforward.
103
The Jacksons come across a group of young kids who are their super fans.
104
And the Michael of the group was none other than a young Alfonso Ribeiro, better known to most of you as Carlton Banks from The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air.
105
That was the first commercial done and dusted.
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The second one is where the story actually begins and the day that changed Michael Jackson forever.
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3,000 screaming fans are packed into the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles for what was supposed to be a routine shoot.
108
This commercial featured a live performance of the Pepsi jingle to a remixed version of Billie Jean.
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Michael was to descend a lit staircase as pyrotechnics fired behind him,
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timed the music, and joined his brothers on stage to sing the jingle.
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They had already done five or six takes with absolutely no issues.
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The crowd was electric, everything was going smoothly.
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Those who were there that day said the atmosphere was fantastic, and Michael was in a particularly good mood.
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So what changed?
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The director, Bob Giraldi, who also famously directed Beat It, asked Michael for one more take.
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But this time he wanted something slightly different.
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He told Michael, quote, you're going down too early.
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We want to see you up there on the stairs.
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When the lights come on, we want to reveal that you're there.
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And all the previous takes, you'll notice Michael does a quick signature pose at the top before bounding down the stairs to join his brothers.
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On this last take, Michael holds his pose at the top for a few seconds before going down the stairs, exactly as the director asked,
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which meant he was still standing at the top of the stairs when the pyrotechnics fired.
123
Michael wrote about what happened next in his autobiography, Moonwalk.
124
The reason for the fire was stupidity, pure and simple, Only later did I find out that these bombs were only two feet away from either side of my head,
125
which was a total disregard of the safety regulations.
126
The sparks set my hair on fire.
127
I was dancing down this ramp and turning around spinning, not knowing I was on fire.
128
Suddenly, I felt my hands reflexively going to my head in an attempt to smother the flames.
129
I fell down and just tried to shake the flames out." End quote.
130
Michael didn't realize he was on fire for several seconds.
131
He started doing his famous spins in a desperate attempt to put the fire out.
132
In the audience, the chaos was immediate.
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Michael apparently called out for his brother Tito to help him, but his brothers who were watching from the stage process what they were seeing.
134
Their first thought was someone in the theater had shot Michael.
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An assassination attempt.
136
The Pepsi executives retreated to a corner.
137
They were in Michael's own words, quote, so scared they couldn't even bring themselves to check on me, end quote.
138
Nobody in that building understood they were actually watching the first domino fall in a chain
139
that wouldn't finish for another 25 years.
140
Michael was rushed to Brotman Medical center for second and third degree burns to his scalp.
141
And everything that followed, the surgeries, the pain management, the medications, would not be over in weeks or months or even years.
142
What the fire left behind was a palm-sized area of permanently destroyed hair follicles on his scalp.
143
Hair follicles don't regenerate.
144
Once they're gone, they're gone.
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Michael Jackson was only 25 years old, at the peak of his career,
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and one of the most photographed people on earth.
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The only surgical solution was to try to replace the scar tissue with healthy, hair-bearing scalp from the surrounding area.
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But to do that, you first had to create enough excess scalp to work with.
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And this is where some would argue things took a turn.
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To rebuild Jackson's scalp, surgeons used a technique called tissue expansion.
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It uses a silicone balloon placed in a pocket under the
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healthy scalp near the injury with a tiny valve left just beneath the skin.
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Every week or so for two to three months, the surgeon will inject a small amount of saline directly into that valve.
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In response, the balloon grows and the scalp skin stretches to make room.
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Under that time under tension, the skin cells begin dividing and creating new collagen from scratch.
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So Michael's body was building a new scalp cell by cell.
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And unlike a skin graft, the expanded scalp continues to grow real hair.
158
In theory, it was a brilliant solution.
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But for Michael Jackson, it kept failing.
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His own dermatologist, Dr. Arnold Klein, described exactly why in a 2009 interview on CNN's Larry King Live.
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He used a great deal of what are called tissue expanders in his scalp, which are balloons that go up, blow up the scalp, and then what they do is they try to cut out the scar.
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But because he had lupus, what happened is every time they would do it, the bald spot would keep enlarging.
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So, I mean, he went through a lot of painful procedures with these tissue expanders until I put a stop to it.
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I said, no more tissue expanders, because he had to wear a hat all the time, and it was really painful for him.
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So what would his, without the hat, what would he look like?
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He would have a big raised ball on the top of his head because of this device.
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We expand the tissue which you cut out.
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Michael Jackson was walking around with a growing mass under his scalp, managing it under hats and careful styling,
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performing in front of sold out arenas,
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then returning to the surgeon's office every week or two for another needle in the valve for another increment of pressure.
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But with each procedure meant another round of pain.
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Less than six months after the incident, Michael was back on stage for the sold-out victory tour in July 1984.
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Despite the serious nature of the incident, the press reported it as a freak accident and was soon forgotten.
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But it wasn't that simple.
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Michael was only meant to have one tissue expansion procedure, but because of his lupus, he underwent several.
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According to those close to him, it caused him to be in excruciating pain.
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And managing that escalating cycle of pain meant medication, strong medication, specifically a drug called Demerol.
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Here's what people don't explain about Demerol
179
and why it's used in this case is more disturbing the closer you look at it.
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Demerol is not a long-term pain management drug.
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The clinical guidance is crystal clear.
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It's only meant for short-term acute pain with treatment lasting no more than 48 hours.
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Remember that for later.
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And there's a good reason for this.
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When the body metabolizes Demerol, a bioproduct called normoparidine is produced.
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This molecule builds up in the nervous system over time and becomes neurotoxic and is capable of triggering tremors and seizures.
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Now get this,
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burn patients are specifically named in the clinical literature as a group requiring extra caution with this drug
189
because they are already at increased risk for this toxicity.
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In other words, Demerol, the drug prescribed to manage his burn pain was,
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in his specific situation, one of the most dangerous choices available.
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If you've never heard of Demerol, there's a reason.
193
Its use in the US dropped by 97% between 2001 and 2021 because doctors stopped prescribing it due to its toxicity.
194
And eventually Pfizer discontinued it.
195
Nine years after the fire in 1993, Michael Jackson was still in pain and still undergoing scalp procedures.
196
By November of that year, he announced the cancellation of the second leg of his dangerous world tour.
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When he did, he issued a public statement.
198
In the statement, he said the following.
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You're undergoing treatment for a dependency on pain medication.
200
This medication was initially prescribed to see the excruciating pain that I was suffering after recent reconstructive surgery on my scalp.
201
Michael drew the line himself from the fire to the dependency in his own words.
202
But the dead world didn't stop in 1993.
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According to medical records introduced at the wrongful death trial, Jackson visited his dermatologist, Dr. Arnold Klein,
204
24 times in the final three months of his life,
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receiving a total of 6,500 milligrams of Demerol during those visits.
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To put that in context, the recommended dose is 50 to 100 milligrams every few hours.
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So Michael was receiving nearly three times that per visit.
208
And remember, Demerol is not supposed to be used for more than 48 hours,
209
but Michael had been using it for 25 years.
210
Now here's the question this raises.
211
If he was allegedly dependent on Demerol, how did he die from propofol?
212
When you're chronically taking an opioid, you'll get withdrawal symptoms and it can happen fast.
213
I'm talking within six to 12 hours of your last dose.
214
And one of the major withdrawal symptoms of Demerol is insomnia.
215
Expert witness Dr. Robert Waldman testified that Jackson was attempting to treat his insomnia with propofol.
216
That is the link between Pepsi and propofol.
217
The drug prescribed for his burn became the reason he was using an operating room anesthetic in his bedroom.
218
Until June 2009, most people outside medicine had never even heard of propofol.
219
There's a reason for that.
220
It's not supposed to leave the operating room.
221
Michael had a private name for it.
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He called it his milk because of how it looked.
223
If you've ever had general anesthesia, there is a high chance propofol was part of your anesthesia cocktail to put you under.
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Its specific job is to rapidly and reliably make you unconscious within seconds of injection.
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It works remarkably well in the right setting.
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When paramedics rushed into Michael's bedroom, it was in various states of disarray, but that wasn't what drew their attention.
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It was all the pill bottles and IV bags and stands.
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He practically had a makeshift hospital in his room.
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From his autopsy report, Michael had the following medications in his system at the time of his death.
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Lorazepam, midazolam, diazepam, three benzodiazepines, which is a class of drugs used for anxiety,
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insomnia, and seizures, lidocaine, a local anesthetic, and then the one that changed everything, propofol.
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We know Michael was attempting to use propofol to help him sleep, but that's not what it does because sleep isn't passive.
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Every night, your brain runs something called the glymphatic system, discovered only in 2012 by neuroscientist Mike Nedergaard at the University of Rochester.
234
It uses cerebral spinal fluid to flush out toxic byproducts that build up in the brain during the day.
235
This system is 10 times more active during deep sleep than when you're awake.
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Nadergaard described it perfectly.
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Quote, you can think of it like having a house party.
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You can either entertain the guests or clean up the house, but you can't really do both at the same time.
239
One study found it can take up to four days of proper rest to recover from a single hour of lost sleep.
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And Michael's sleep was already severely disrupted from the Demerol.
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Opioids are documented to suppress REM and slow-wave sleep, which are the exact stages the glymphatic system needs to do its work.
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Then the drug changed from something that disrupted sleep to replacing it entirely with something that wasn't sleep at all.
243
An anesthesiologist who testified at the wrongful death trial stated directly,
244
proper REM or non-REM sleep is not possible under propofol sedation.
245
What propofol does is produce a pharmacologically induced loss of consciousness.
246
When Michael woke up each morning, he felt rested, but that was just a dopamine release upon waking
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that had nothing to do with whether his body had actually recovered.
248
He felt fine, but he was not fine.
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And he had no way to know the difference.
250
This Is It is three weeks away.
251
50 shows.
252
It's the most anticipated comeback in pop history.
253
And the man at the center of it hasn't had a real night's sleep in years.
254
This is it.
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I I mean, this is really it.
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This is the final curtain call.
257
And the night of June 24, 2009, was no different.
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His personal doctor, Conrad Murray, tries Valium first.
259
Jackson is still awake.
260
He tries lorazepam, still awake.
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He tries midazolam.
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Hours pass, still awake.
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According to trial testimony, Jackson told Murray he needed to sleep, that he couldn't function, that he might have to cancel the concerts,
264
that he just needed it to stop.
265
Murray held out through the night.
266
Then at approximately 10.40 in the morning, after hours of failed alternatives, he gave in and administered the propofol.
267
Jackson lost consciousness almost immediately.
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And then Conrad Murray left the room.
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Murray was a cardiologist, not an anesthesiologist.
270
Propofol requires constant monitoring of breathing and heart function.
271
And for that reason must only be administered in a hospital or clinical setting with a trained specialist present throughout.
272
Dr. Linda Aglio, associate professor of anesthesiology at Harvard Medical School, was asked about propofol's requirements after Jackson's death.
273
She was direct, I won't leave a patient unattended for a second.
274
I was surprised that any doctor taking care of him would leave him alone.
275
End quote.
276
So not only did Murray administer a medication he was not authorized to use in an unauthorized setting,
277
he left Michael alone afterwards.
278
When Murray returned to the room, Michael Jackson had stopped breathing.
279
The worst part about this entire incident is that expert testimony established it was entirely preventable.
280
If Murray had simply stayed, noticed Jackson slowed breathing, and used a basic bag mask to ventilate his lungs,
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Michael Jackson would likely have survived that night.
282
But Murray didn't have one.
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He wasn't there.
284
And Michael didn't survive.
285
Before Michael hired Murray, he asked three other doctors for propofol.
286
All three refused on safety grounds.
287
It was Conrad Murray's gross negligence.
288
It was Conrad Murray's unskilled hands
289
and his desire to obtain this lucrative contract of $150,000 a month that led Dr. Murray not only to abandon his patient,
290
but to abandon all principles of medical care.
291
So I think the problem was that relying on medications to actually have a normal life, then what is the new normal, right?
292
Because I know I can take something to get out of bed every day and be able to have a normal life.
293
Then I want a medication because I have trouble sleeping.
294
and maybe the trouble sleeping is because over activation during the day
295
but you have to be careful when you're combining this together
296
because otherwise you become dependent on everything
297
and you're not able to have a normal life unless you get a pharmacological help
298
and that's really dangerous
299
and i think that's what happened you were taking something to have regular day
300
that was affecting the way you were sleeping at night
301
because you know maybe it was over activating
302
and then you have to take something else to fall asleep right
303
and then you couldn't get up of bed
304
because you know proper will make you you know i mean i've taken proper for
305
when you know you have a procedure in the hospital a minor they give you proper fall
306
but you know you actually it's like you're taking a nap you go to sleep
307
and then you wake up an hour later that's it
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but if you are taking it to basically sleep through the night you can imagine how much you are taking
309
so i think it was a problem with it was not just i don't know
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if it was synergy between everything because I'm not, I don't have the data and I can't say that, but it was the dependency.
311
It's been 17 years since Michael Jackson died and yet here we are still talking about it.
312
Why?
313
Because when someone that extraordinary dies in such an ordinary way, we can't accept it.
314
The manner of death must match the magnitude of the person.
315
So we reach for something larger like conspiracies, cover-ups, anything that feels proportionate to the loss.
316
But the truth doesn't need to be conspiratorial to be devastating.
317
It just needs to be told.
318
Here's the detail that has stayed with me since we started working on this.
319
The Pepsi incident was the exact midpoint of Michael Jackson's life.
320
He died on June 25th, 2009.
321
The Pepsi fire happened on January 27th, 1984.
322
He lived 25 years, four months and 29 days before the fire and 25 years,
323
four months and 29 days after it.
324
One day separates the two halves of his life.
325
That fire in so many ways was the turning point that changed the entire trajectory.
326
Michael Jackson survived burns, reconstructive surgeries, lupus, vitiligo, opioid dependency, rehab,
327
a criminal trial, and two decades of chronic pain that never fully went away.
328
He received $1.5 million from Pepsi as part of the financial settlement from the accident.
329
Michael donated all of it, every dollar, to the burn unit at the hospital that treated him.
330
Which went on to treat children who couldn't afford care?
331
He was by any clinical measure a patient failed by a system
332
that had no way of telling the most famous person on Earth
333
that what he was asking for was going to kill him
334
Those 15 seconds on that soundstage didn't kill Michael Jackson
335
The 25 years of what followed did
336
if you want to make the world a better place Take a look at yourself and then make a change Thank you.
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この動画は誰におすすめ？
英語スピーキング練習をしたい中級レベルの学習者に最適です。マイケル・ジャクソンの死にまつわる物語を通じて、ニュース調の話し方や複雑な因果関係を表す表現を学べます。特に、shadowing（シャドーイング）の練習に適しています。動画で英語学習をする際、リズムとアクセントを捉えることで、自然な発音を身につけられます。
覚えておきたい単語とイディオム
- cardiac arrest：心停止。「50 year old male cardiac arrest」のように、緊急事態を伝える際に使われます。
- seminal moment：画期的な瞬間。「a seminal moment in internet history」で、インターネットの歴史に残る出来事を表します。
- chain reaction：連鎖反応。「the final domino in a 25 year chain reaction」のように、一連の出来事の因果関係を説明するのに便利です。
- pumping his chest：胸を圧迫する。心肺蘇生の場面で使われる表現です。
アクセントを正確にするコツ
この動画のスピーカーは、速いスピードでも明確な発音を心がけています。特に、「cardiac arrest」の「car」を強くアクセントし、「seminal」の「sem」を軽く発音することが重要です。shadow speakの練習では、「the whole world knew Michael Jackson had died」のような長い文を分割し、リズムを捉えながら繰り返し話すことで、自然な流れを身につけられます。また、疑問文のイントネーション（例：「Do we actually know why?」）を注意深く聞き、真似することで、会話のニュアンスを伝える能力が向上します。shadowing siteを使って、実際に声を出して練習することをおすすめします。
この動画の文法
話し手がよく使っている文型を、動画の実際の表現とともに紹介します。
| 文型 | 動画での表現 |
|---|---|
| 受動態 be + 過去分詞 — 誰がするかより、何が起きるかに焦点を当てる | being reported · has been rushed · been told |
| 現在完了形 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去の出来事が今も関係している | has been rushed · We've also been told · you've never heard |
| 関係詞節 who / which + 節 — 人や物について情報を加える | award, which is · kids who are · Those who were |
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。