쉐도잉 연습: Active vs. Passive Listening: Why You’re Not Improving Your English - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기
연습 모드 선택
각 모드는 전체 화면 연습실로 열립니다.
118 문장
문장이 너무 짧거나 길면 Edit를 눌러 조정하세요.
1
So today we are talking about active versus passive listening.
2
Now on the face of it they might seem like complete opposites
3
and it's easy to dismiss passive listening as as I did in fact on our blog a few years ago
4
but I have changed my mind partly because of my own experience partly
5
because of dozens of emails that I got from listeners to our podcast
6
and partly because I went away and read every single research paper that I could on the subject.
7
So in this video I want to address this question.
8
We're going to talk about the difference between active and passive listening.
9
We'll talk about the different skills that active and passive listening help you develop in your English.
10
We'll talk about when you should focus on active listening and
11
when you should focus on passive listening and how you can do both even if you have a busy schedule.
12
And stick around to the end where I will explain why passive listening, if you're doing it properly, isn't ever truly passive.
13
So what is active listening and what is passive listening?
14
Well, passive listening generally means exposure to the language.
15
This can either be indirect, like hearing the language in the background, or it can be listening to something without fully concentrating,
16
while you're doing other tasks, while you're walking the dog, or while you're on the metro, or something like that.
17
Essentially, it's listening and not thinking about being forced to respond or engage in any way with what you're listening to.
18
So you don't need to fully concentrate or understand everything that you hear.
19
On the other hand, active listening involves focused attention on the material and some kind of engagement with it.
20
This can be as simple as listening very carefully to what you are hearing and trying to critically analyze the vocabulary,
21
the grammar and the structures that the speakers are using.
22
It could be something like noting down at the same time.
23
It could even be more advanced techniques, things like shadowing for example, where you repeat after the speaker.
24
Essentially, the way to think about it is that active listening treats listening as a skill to practice and develop,
25
whereas passive is more like ambient exposure.
26
You're there and so is the material that you are listening to, but you're not forced to engage with it in any way
27
now of course there is not a finite line between active
28
and passive it's not black and white it's a scale
29
and perhaps on one end of the scale you have you know walking past a crowded restaurant
30
and you hear some English in the background
31
and right on the other end of the scale you have someone sitting down with all their materials
32
and really studying what they are listening to.
33
So it's not black and white, but it is a useful way to think about your listening activities.
34
The key thing really is what you can call meaningful cognitive engagement.
35
In other words, are you really engaging your brain and processing the language, or are you just letting it wash over you?
36
So what skills does active listening develop and what skills does passive listening develop?
37
Well, let's start with passive listening
38
because it's very easy to dismiss it as doing absolutely nothing and saying you must listen actively all the time.
39
Otherwise, it's just not worth it.
40
There have actually been some interesting studies into the impact of passive listening
41
and I'll share a few of them with you now.
42
Probably the most famous is this one which was from a PhD thesis in 2007 called Wordlikeness Judgements,
43
Phonotactic Probability, Accent and Repetition in Auditory Recognition of Novel Words in a Foreign Language.
44
Now, that is a bit of a mouthful, but essentially what this research suggested is
45
that you can learn a language pretty well just by hearing it and not really knowing what it means.
46
In other words, it can kind of exist in the background and somehow you just acquire it.
47
So similar to how we learn languages as babies, you know, our mother tongues are just existing around us.
48
We're not necessarily actively engaging with the language in the same way as a student would.
49
But, of course, we all learn our native languages.
50
So that is one of the key theories that supports this idea that actually kind of passive listening,
51
language existing in the background, is more helpful than people had previously given it credit for.
52
Now, further studies into passive listening mainly talk about its effectiveness in building familiarity with the sounds of language.
53
In other words, helping train your ear to how a language sounds,
54
rather than helping you improve your knowledge of particular structures, grammar, vocabulary, and so on.
55
So essentially passive listening fits into this category of yes this is a good thing
56
that helps you learn and kind of re -familiarizes yourself with things
57
that you might already have known and kind of trains your ear to understand sounds in the language.
58
Active listening on the other is far more agreed upon in terms of its benefits for listening comprehension,
59
for vocabulary development and overall proficiency in a language.
60
And in fact learning how to listen actively is a really important skill.
61
There was an interesting bit of research from back in 1996 in fact
62
and you can see here that the the paper is just a photocopy that is clearly quite dated.
63
But the long and the short of it is there was research done on two different groups of students.
64
One group was taught techniques about how to listen actively and the other group was not.
65
And surprise surprise, the group that had been taught the techniques about how to listen actively
66
and how to really engage with the material they were listening to performed much better on every single test.
67
So listen actively, it will help you improve your English much faster.
68
Now I'll put a bunch of links down below this video
69
to some of the original studies so you can go
70
and check them out for yourself if you'd like but they all tend to come up with pretty similar conclusions.
71
And that's that passive listening gives you kind of implicit,
72
intuitive knowledge and familiarity, whereas active listening gives you more explicit, retrievable knowledge.
73
Now, what does that mean in practice?
74
Let's say if you are just listening passively to English all the time.
75
You might kind of intuitively know the correct pronunciation of the word,
76
or how to use a particular grammatical structure, but you're much less likely to be able to use them yourself,
77
because you've never really engaged with it, you've just been listening.
78
If, on the other hand, you've been listening actively, you've been really engaging with the material,
79
you will find that you are able to reproduce what you've heard much more effectively.
80
Now, this probably doesn't sound revolutionary.
81
You might be watching this and thinking, of course you need to pay attention, of course you need to engage with language,
82
otherwise you're not going to learn.
83
Yes, it is kind of obvious, but at the same time there are
84
so many people who watch stuff on YouTube or listen to podcasts
85
or watch Netflix and kind of miss this opportunity because they are just watching or just listening.
86
They are not actively engaging with the material that they are listening to or that they are watching.
87
So my objective with this is to show you how you can make just a few small changes,
88
like focusing on words and phrases that you hear, or writing down summaries, or practicing shadowing, things like that.
89
And the results that you get will be significantly better.
90
Now, this isn't to say you should never do any kind of passive listening.
91
You should never.. just listen, you should always be at 110 % in terms of concentration.
92
No, that's not what I'm trying to suggest here.
93
There is always a time for just unwinding and listening to a little bit of English in the background.
94
It is not a bad thing.
95
And whether that's, you know, when you're at the gym or going for a walk
96
or doing something where you don't want to be concentrating all the time.
97
That is a great time to do a little bit of listening, but you are happy to be passive.
98
And this is one of the reasons that I'm such a big fan of podcasts to learn English, to learn any language for that matter.
99
I have got my own podcast, English Learning for Curious Minds, which is for intermediate to advanced English learners.
100
And what I always recommend to people is to mix and match the activities that you're doing.
101
So on the bus, on the way to work in the morning,
102
you might like to just listen and not worry so much about catching every single word.
103
Just listen and enjoy.
104
Listen for understanding.
105
Then in the afternoon or the weekend or whatever it might be, you can do a more active listening activity.
106
You can sit down, you can follow along with the transcript, you can use vocabulary lists,
107
you can just engage in a more active way with the material, which is going to help develop things like your vocabulary,
108
your understanding of sentence structure and grammar, and your overall proficiency in English.
109
So it doesn't have to be either or.
110
The best combination is a little bit of both.
111
And I said at the start that I would tell you why passive listening, if you're doing it properly, is never truly passive.
112
Now that's because, as we said,
113
the difference between passive and active is it's all about meaningful cognitive activity.
114
In other words, engaging your brain.
115
And if you're listening to something that you're interested in if you are passionate about butterflies or football
116
or whatever it might be and you're listening to content about
117
that then it should be hard for it to be completely passive
118
because if it's interesting enough you will already almost by default be paying attention
앱 다운로드
유창하게 말하는 데 필요한 모든 것
AI 발음 평가문장마다 점수 확인
IPA 발음 연습모든 소리 마스터
단어 학습나만의 단어장 만들기
단어 게임놀면서 외우기
같은 채널
FOR YOU
추천 영상
B26
299 문장
Improve Your English Just by Listening (Smart Listening Method) | Easy English Podcast | B1–B2
Business EnglishDaily ConversationHigh School Students
B21
248 문장
B2 English Conversation: Why Can't We Relax?
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B24
213 문장
The Most Ignored Social Skill (It Changed How People Treat Me)
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B22
536 문장
Learn American English | Conversation Practice with Native Speakers | Listening practice
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B23
95 문장
How to “Actually” Read in English (Learn Ideas + Absorb Real English)
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B115
50 문장
2 Tips For Improving Your *Listening* Skills
American AccentDaily ConversationHigh School StudentsUniversity Students
C1579 문장
Advanced listening practice at natural speed: Books and reading - The Fluency Habit Podcast
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
221 문장
LISTENING to English with Advanced SHADOWING Speaking Practice
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B21
426 문장
Read your way to better English - a British Council English podcast
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B25
55 문장
5 Must-Listen Podcasts That Will TRULY Help Your English （American pronunciation）
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B27
164 문장
How to Study English by Yourself
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B23
20 문장
🎧 Want to Understand Native English Speakers Better?#EnglishListening #NativeEnglish #SpeakEnglish
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
이 레슨의 어휘와 말하기 포인트
이 말하기 레슨은 영상 “Active vs. Passive Listening: Why You’re Not Improving Your English”을(를) 바탕으로 합니다. 가장 자주 반복되는 단어는 다음과 같습니다: listening, passive, language, active, listen. 이 영상에는 섀도잉할 문장 118개와 단어 1694개가 있습니다. 말하는 구간의 길이는 12:36입니다. 화자는 분당 약 134단어의 일정한 속도로 말해서 섀도잉하기에 편한 속도입니다. 단어의 87%가 영어에서 가장 많이 쓰이는 3,000단어에 속해 어휘가 쉬운 편입니다.
이 영상의 핵심 어휘
영상에 나오는 익혀 둘 만한 단어 15개를 발음, 뜻과 함께 정리했습니다.
| 단어 | 발음 | 뜻 |
|---|---|---|
| passive 형용사 | /ˈpæs.ɪv/ | 수동태 |
| skill 명사 | /skɪl/ | 기술, 스킬 |
| vocabulary 명사 | /vəˈkæb.jə.lə.ɹi/ | 어휘, 어휘력 |
| podcast 명사 | /ˈpɑdˌkæst/ | 팟캐스트 |
| technique 명사 | /tɛkˈniːk/ | 기술 |
| grammar 명사 | /ˈɡɹæm.ə(ɹ)/ | Korean: 문법, 문법학 |
| exposure 명사 | /ɪkˈspəʊ.ʒə(ɹ)/ | 노출, 로출 |
| shadow 명사 | /ˈʃædəʊ̯/ | 그림자, 음영 |
| meaningful 형용사 | /ˈmiː.nɪŋ.fl̩/ | 유의미(有意味)하다 |
| dismiss 동사 | /dɪsˈmɪs/ | 해고하다 |
| carefully 부사 | /ˈkɛɹf(ə)li/ | 주의하여, 조심스럽게 |
| conclusion 명사 | /kənˈkluːʒən/ | 종결 |
| summary 명사 | /ˈsʌm.ə.ɹi/ | 요약, 개요 |
| objective 명사 | /ɒbˈd͡ʒɛk.tɪv/ | 목적 |
| versus | /ˈvɝsəs/ | 대 |
영상에 나오는 구동사
| 단어 | 뜻 |
|---|---|
| go away 동사 | 떠나다, 떠나가다 |
| sit down 동사 | 앉다 |
| write down 동사 | 적다, 적어 두다 |
이 영상의 문법
화자가 가장 많이 쓰는 문형을 영상 속 실제 표현과 함께 정리했습니다.
| 문형 | 영상 속 표현 |
|---|---|
| 현재완료진행 have/has been + -ing — 전에 시작해 지금도 계속되는 동작 | you've just been listening · you've been listening |
| 현재완료 have/has + 과거분사 — 과거의 일이 지금도 관련이 있을 때 | have changed · have actually been · you've never really engaged |
| 관계절 who / which + 절 — 사람이나 사물에 대한 추가 정보 | one which was · people who watch · Minds, which is |
| 수동태 be + 과거분사 — 누가 하는지보다 무슨 일이 일어나는지에 초점 | being forced · was taught · had been taught |
주의할 발음
화자는 you're, you've, doesn't 같은 축약형과 약화된 형태를 35번 사용합니다. 들리는 대로 짧게 발음하세요.
- “th” 소리: thesis /ˈθisɪs/, mouthful /ˈmaʊθfʊl/
- “sh”와 “zh” 소리: essentially /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/, exposure /ɪkˈspəʊ.ʒə(ɹ)/, shadow /ˈʃædəʊ̯/, conclusion /kənˈkluːʒən/, concentration /ˌkɑn.sənˈtɹeɪ.ʃən/
- 긴 단어 — 강세 위치에 주의: vocabulary /vəˈkæb.jə.lə.ɹi/, essentially /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/, necessarily /ˌnɛs.əˈsɛɹ.ə.li/, concentration /ˌkɑn.sənˈtɹeɪ.ʃən/, revolutionary /ˌɹɛvəˈluʃənɛɹi/
한국어 화자가 어려워하는 소리:
- /f/ — ㅍ(/p/)으로 바꾸지 말고 윗니를 아랫입술에 대기: meaningful /ˈmiː.nɪŋ.fl̩/, carefully /ˈkɛɹf(ə)li/, helpful /ˈhɛlp.fl̩/, phrase /ˈfɹeɪ̯z/, default /dɪˈfɔlt/
- /v/ — ㅂ(/b/)과 구별하기: passive /ˈpæs.ɪv/, actively /ˈæktɪvli/, vocabulary /vəˈkæb.jə.lə.ɹi/, cognitive /ˈkɑɡ.nɪ.tɪv/, objective /ɒbˈd͡ʒɛk.tɪv/
- /z/ — ㅈ이 아니라 성대를 울리는 /s/: whereas /(h)wɛɹˈæz/, phrase /ˈfɹeɪ̯z/, analyze /ˈæn.əˌlaɪz/, familiarize /fəˈmɪliəɹaɪ̯z/
이 영상으로 연습하는 방법
- 먼저 말하지 않고 영상을 끝까지 듣고 모르는 단어를 적어 둡니다.
- 보통 속도로 한 문장씩 섀도잉하고, 화자의 리듬과 맞을 때까지 반복합니다.
- 자신의 목소리를 녹음해 원본과 비교하고, passive, skill, vocabulary 같은 단어에 특히 주의합니다.
쉐도잉이란? 영어 실력을 빠르게 키우는 과학적 방법
쉐도잉(Shadowing)은 원래 전문 통역사 훈련을 위해 개발된 언어 학습 기법으로, 다언어 학자인 Dr. Alexander Arguelles에 의해 대중화된 방법입니다. 핵심 원리는 간단하지만 매우 강력합니다: 원어민의 영어를 들으면서 1~2초의 짧은 지연으로 즉시 소리 내어 따라 말하는 것——마치 '그림자(shadow)'처럼 화자를 따라가는 것입니다. 문법 공부나 수동적인 청취와 달리, 쉐도잉은 뇌와 입 근육이 동시에 실시간으로 영어를 처리하고 재현하도록 훈련합니다. 연구에 따르면 이 방법은 발음 정확도, 억양, 리듬, 연음, 청취력, 말하기 유창성을 크게 향상시킵니다. IELTS 스피킹 준비와 자연스러운 영어 소통을 원하는 분들에게 특히 효과적입니다.