쉐도잉 연습: Epithelial Tissue - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기

Hi everyone, Dr. Mike here.

In this video we're going to focus on one of the four tissue types of the body that we call epithelia.

Now remember epithelia its function is there to form boundaries between environments.

Now sometimes we want to be able to pass through these boundaries, sometimes we only want certain things to pass through these boundaries, sometimes we don't want anything to pass through at all.

Now other times these boundaries may facilitate movement across the surface of the boundary

so epithelia while it does form a boundary between environments it can do this a number of different ways

so let's have a look at these different ways first thing is

when we look at epithelial tissue form equals function

that means you can look at the type of epithelia

and it tells you what it does if it is a single layer

or if it is of a particular epithelial cell type in combination tells you what it can do Okay,

for example, if we look at the most basic type of epithelia, which we call simple squamous.

Simple means one layer, squamous means squished.

So here you can see we have simple squamous epithelia located in our lungs.

Now, I want you to think about it.

Form equals function.

It's squished and only one layer because it wants things to move through.

Now, if it's in the lungs, what do you think is going to move through?

Gases.

So for example, simple squamous epithelia located in the lungs is there for gas exchange.

Now we can also look at stratified squamous.

This is the squished cells of the epithelia packed on top of each other.

Now if it's like that, it's there because one, it's squished, which means it doesn't have many intracellular components.

No organelles, no mitochondria, rough or smooth endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, anything like that, which is telling you that these cells may likely be dead

so they're there for protection it doesn't matter

if they're going to be abrased

or swiped off through due to damage okay the term we call is sloughing

if those cells disappear over time so it's there for protection okay

so multiple squished cells

which we call stratified many layers squamous we've got stratified squamous cells in the oral cavity

and we've got stratified squamous cells of our skin the difference here is

that one of them has another layer of stratified epithelia that's keratinized

that means it has a protein inside that's waterproof now that's going to be

that of our skin because we want our skin to be waterproof

so both the epithelia with our oral cavity

and our skin are stratified squamous it's just one of them is keratinized all right let's move on

and look at the tricky one that's sitting in our trachea

so our trachea is our windpipe we're bringing air in down our windpipe

and we want to bring air back out

so mainly oxygen in mainly carbon dioxide out but we know

that the air that we're breathing in isn't pure oxygen

or even just pure gas it's filled with particulates and pollutants

and things that we don't want to get down into our lungs

so what we have is columnar epithelia within our trachea now this columnar epithelia looks like it's many layers

but in actual fact it's one.

So we call this pseudo stratified.

Pseudo means fake.

It looks like it's one thing but it's not stratified.

Pseudo stratified epithelia.

In actual fact it's pseudo stratified columnar epithelia because they're shaped like columns.

They're longer than they are wider and you can also see

that they have these little hairs on the top that we call cilia.

So the epithelia we find in our trachea we call pseudo stratified columnar ciliated epithelia.

Now, why do we have this type of epithelia in our trachea?

Well, like I was saying before, what you'll find is we breathe in a whole bunch of pollutants

or particulates and crap that we just don't want to bring into our lungs.

So when you've got columnar epithelia,

that often tells you that there's a lot of intracellular components like rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus.

So they're doing things, they're making stuff and

so in the columnar epithelia you should think

that they're starting to make something to be secreted

and often it's going to be mucus

so we've got mucus being produced by these pseudo stratified columnar epithelia that's going to exude to the surface

and the cilia these little hairs they capture and move things across

so we've got pseudo stratified columnar ciliated epithelia in our trachea

because the mucus captures pollutants the cilia takes it

and what it does is it throws it up up up up up the trachea

so we can cough it out

if you're a smoker it actually kills off the cilia which means the mucus may capture the pollutants and particulates,

but it falls down into their lungs and then what does a smoker do every single morning?

They will cough and cough and cough to bring up that gunk.

All right, let's move on down to the small intestines.

Now the small intestines have columnar epithelia as well, so straight away you should think if it's columnar it's gonna be producing stuff,

and it does, it produces mucus and many other different types of enzymes, for example, and it also has these little things on top

that look like the cilia

but in actual fact they look like fingertip like projections this is called villi

and micro villi okay fingertip like projections

and what they do is they increase the surface area of the epithelia

so that more things can be absorbed so the columnar epithelia with micro villi

and villi on top is there to produce mucus

and secrete it in and other enzymes as well

and also to absorb the nutrients in the small intestines all right let's look at two others

that of the kidneys the kidneys specifically the nephron now the

nephron is going to be these convoluted tubules within the kidneys

that can selectively absorb or reabsorb okay absorb

or reabsorb components from what's been filtered in the kidneys and can throw it back into the blood.

It can decide, do I want to pee this out or do I want to throw it back into the blood?

And so what we have, a cuboidal or simple cuboidal epithelia.

So it's one layer, so we want things to be able to go through.

It's cuboidal because it wants things to come in

and may process it a little bit and throw it back out or vice versa.

So the nephron of the kidneys contains simple cuboidal epithelia.

Now the last one I want to talk about is that of the bladder.

Now the bladder needs to distend and snap back into place.

Distend, snap back into place.

So it has what we call transitional epithelia, that means it may be cuboidal, it may be columnar, it may be squamous,

so that when it stretches the tissue doesn't get damaged.

If there's many different types it means it can change its shape quite easily.

Stretch it, snap it back into place.

100

So this is a quick run through of the epithelial tissue.

✨ 추천 영상

69 문장

이 영상은 누구를 위한 것인가요?

영상 영어 공부를 시작한지 얼마 되지 않은 초급~중급 학습자에게 좋은 콘텐츠입니다. 특히 과학 용어를 배우고 싶거나, 영어로 설명하는 방식을 익히고 싶은 분들에게 추천해요. 신체 조직에 관한 기본 지식도 쌓을 수 있고, 영어 회화 연습에 필요한 논리적인 설명 구조도 배울 수 있거든요. 쉐도잉 연습을 하려는 분들도 적합한데, 발음이 명확하고 속도가 적당해서 따라하기 쉽습니다.

빼놓을 수 없는 단어와 표현

Epithelial tissue: 상피 조직. 신체의 경계를 형성하는 조직을 말해요.
Form equals function: 형태는 기능과 일치한다. 과학에서 자주 사용되는 표현으로, 구조가 그 기능을 나타낸다는 뜻이에요.
Sloughing: 탈락. 세포가 서서히 떨어져 나가는 과정을 설명할 때 써요.
Keratinized: 케라틴화된. 단백질인 케라틴이 포함되어 방수 기능을 갖는 것을 의미해요.

발음을 맞추는 방법

영어 발음 교정에 집중하고 싶다면 이 영상의 스피커 발음을 주의 깊게 들으세요. 특히 epithelia (에피테리어)나 pseudostratified (수도층상)과 같은 긴 단어에서 음절을 분리하는 방법을 배울 수 있어요. 스피커는 각 음절을 명확히 발음하면서도 자연스럽게 연결하니, 쉐도잉을 할 때는 입 모양과 음성의 높낮이를 따라해보세요. 또한 "form equals function"과 같은 구문에서 강세를 어디에 두는지 관찰하면, 영어 회화에서 중요한 내용을 강조하는 방법도 익힐 수 있습니다. Shadowing site에서 이 영상을 반복해서 연습하면 발음과 리듬을 빠르게 익힐 수 있을 거예요.

이 영상의 문법

화자가 가장 많이 쓰는 문형을 영상 속 실제 표현과 함께 정리했습니다.

문형	영상 속 표현
수동태 be + 과거분사 — 누가 하는지보다 무슨 일이 일어나는지에 초점	be abrased · are stratified · be secreted
관계절 who / which + 절 — 사람이나 사물에 대한 추가 정보	squished, which means · that, which is · cilia which means

쉐도잉이란? 영어 실력을 빠르게 키우는 과학적 방법

쉐도잉(Shadowing)은 원래 전문 통역사 훈련을 위해 개발된 언어 학습 기법으로, 다언어 학자인 Dr. Alexander Arguelles에 의해 대중화된 방법입니다. 핵심 원리는 간단하지만 매우 강력합니다: 원어민의 영어를 들으면서 1~2초의 짧은 지연으로 즉시 소리 내어 따라 말하는 것——마치 '그림자(shadow)'처럼 화자를 따라가는 것입니다. 문법 공부나 수동적인 청취와 달리, 쉐도잉은 뇌와 입 근육이 동시에 실시간으로 영어를 처리하고 재현하도록 훈련합니다. 연구에 따르면 이 방법은 발음 정확도, 억양, 리듬, 연음, 청취력, 말하기 유창성을 크게 향상시킵니다. IELTS 스피킹 준비와 자연스러운 영어 소통을 원하는 분들에게 특히 효과적입니다.

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쉐도잉이란? 영어 실력을 빠르게 키우는 과학적 방법