Pratique du Shadowing: Epithelial Tissue - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo

Hi everyone, Dr. Mike here.

In this video we're going to focus on one of the four tissue types of the body that we call epithelia.

Now remember epithelia its function is there to form boundaries between environments.

Now sometimes we want to be able to pass through these boundaries, sometimes we only want certain things to pass through these boundaries, sometimes we don't want anything to pass through at all.

Now other times these boundaries may facilitate movement across the surface of the boundary

so epithelia while it does form a boundary between environments it can do this a number of different ways

so let's have a look at these different ways first thing is

when we look at epithelial tissue form equals function

that means you can look at the type of epithelia

and it tells you what it does if it is a single layer

or if it is of a particular epithelial cell type in combination tells you what it can do Okay,

for example, if we look at the most basic type of epithelia, which we call simple squamous.

Simple means one layer, squamous means squished.

So here you can see we have simple squamous epithelia located in our lungs.

Now, I want you to think about it.

Form equals function.

It's squished and only one layer because it wants things to move through.

Now, if it's in the lungs, what do you think is going to move through?

Gases.

So for example, simple squamous epithelia located in the lungs is there for gas exchange.

Now we can also look at stratified squamous.

This is the squished cells of the epithelia packed on top of each other.

Now if it's like that, it's there because one, it's squished, which means it doesn't have many intracellular components.

No organelles, no mitochondria, rough or smooth endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, anything like that, which is telling you that these cells may likely be dead

so they're there for protection it doesn't matter

if they're going to be abrased

or swiped off through due to damage okay the term we call is sloughing

if those cells disappear over time so it's there for protection okay

so multiple squished cells

which we call stratified many layers squamous we've got stratified squamous cells in the oral cavity

and we've got stratified squamous cells of our skin the difference here is

that one of them has another layer of stratified epithelia that's keratinized

that means it has a protein inside that's waterproof now that's going to be

that of our skin because we want our skin to be waterproof

so both the epithelia with our oral cavity

and our skin are stratified squamous it's just one of them is keratinized all right let's move on

and look at the tricky one that's sitting in our trachea

so our trachea is our windpipe we're bringing air in down our windpipe

and we want to bring air back out

so mainly oxygen in mainly carbon dioxide out but we know

that the air that we're breathing in isn't pure oxygen

or even just pure gas it's filled with particulates and pollutants

and things that we don't want to get down into our lungs

so what we have is columnar epithelia within our trachea now this columnar epithelia looks like it's many layers

but in actual fact it's one.

So we call this pseudo stratified.

Pseudo means fake.

It looks like it's one thing but it's not stratified.

Pseudo stratified epithelia.

In actual fact it's pseudo stratified columnar epithelia because they're shaped like columns.

They're longer than they are wider and you can also see

that they have these little hairs on the top that we call cilia.

So the epithelia we find in our trachea we call pseudo stratified columnar ciliated epithelia.

Now, why do we have this type of epithelia in our trachea?

Well, like I was saying before, what you'll find is we breathe in a whole bunch of pollutants

or particulates and crap that we just don't want to bring into our lungs.

So when you've got columnar epithelia,

that often tells you that there's a lot of intracellular components like rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus.

So they're doing things, they're making stuff and

so in the columnar epithelia you should think

that they're starting to make something to be secreted

and often it's going to be mucus

so we've got mucus being produced by these pseudo stratified columnar epithelia that's going to exude to the surface

and the cilia these little hairs they capture and move things across

so we've got pseudo stratified columnar ciliated epithelia in our trachea

because the mucus captures pollutants the cilia takes it

and what it does is it throws it up up up up up the trachea

so we can cough it out

if you're a smoker it actually kills off the cilia which means the mucus may capture the pollutants and particulates,

but it falls down into their lungs and then what does a smoker do every single morning?

They will cough and cough and cough to bring up that gunk.

All right, let's move on down to the small intestines.

Now the small intestines have columnar epithelia as well, so straight away you should think if it's columnar it's gonna be producing stuff,

and it does, it produces mucus and many other different types of enzymes, for example, and it also has these little things on top

that look like the cilia

but in actual fact they look like fingertip like projections this is called villi

and micro villi okay fingertip like projections

and what they do is they increase the surface area of the epithelia

so that more things can be absorbed so the columnar epithelia with micro villi

and villi on top is there to produce mucus

and secrete it in and other enzymes as well

and also to absorb the nutrients in the small intestines all right let's look at two others

that of the kidneys the kidneys specifically the nephron now the

nephron is going to be these convoluted tubules within the kidneys

that can selectively absorb or reabsorb okay absorb

or reabsorb components from what's been filtered in the kidneys and can throw it back into the blood.

It can decide, do I want to pee this out or do I want to throw it back into the blood?

And so what we have, a cuboidal or simple cuboidal epithelia.

So it's one layer, so we want things to be able to go through.

It's cuboidal because it wants things to come in

and may process it a little bit and throw it back out or vice versa.

So the nephron of the kidneys contains simple cuboidal epithelia.

Now the last one I want to talk about is that of the bladder.

Now the bladder needs to distend and snap back into place.

Distend, snap back into place.

So it has what we call transitional epithelia, that means it may be cuboidal, it may be columnar, it may be squamous,

so that when it stretches the tissue doesn't get damaged.

If there's many different types it means it can change its shape quite easily.

Stretch it, snap it back into place.

100

So this is a quick run through of the epithelial tissue.

✨ Vidéo recommandée

69 phrases

Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon

Cette vidéo contient 100 phrases et 1228 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 7:04. Le locuteur parle à un rythme naturel d’environ 174 mots par minute, proche d’une conversation courante. Seuls 78 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais, le vocabulaire est donc exigeant.

Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo

15 mots de la vidéo à retenir, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :

Mot	Prononciation	Sens
layer nom	/ˈleɪ̯ɚ/	couche
boundary nom	/ˈbaʊndɹi/	frontière, limite
lung nom	/ˈlʌŋ/	poumon
kidney nom	/ˈkɪdni/	rein
tissue nom	/ˈtɪʃ.(j)u/	tissu
absorb verbe	/æbˈsɔɹb/	absorber
capture verbe	/ˈkæp.(t)ʃɚ/	saisir, capturer
component nom	/kəmˈpoʊ.nənt/	composant
snap verbe	/snæp/	rompre
smooth adjectif	/smuːð/	doux, facile
stretch verbe	/stɹɛt͡ʃ/	étirer, étendre
breathe verbe	/bɹiːð/	respirer, inspirer
oral adjectif	/ˈɔː.ɹəl/	oral, buccal
oxygen nom	/ˈɑksɪd͡ʒən/	oxygène
locate verbe	/ˈloʊˌkeɪt/	localiser

Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez

Mot	Sens
pass through verbe	traverser
bring up verbe	élever
go through verbe	traverser

La grammaire de cette vidéo

Les structures que le locuteur utilise le plus, avec les mots exacts de la vidéo :

Structure	Dans la vidéo
Voix passive be + participe passé — l’accent est mis sur ce qui arrive, pas sur qui le fait	be abrased · are stratified · be secreted
Propositions relatives who / which + proposition — une précision sur une personne ou une chose	squished, which means · that, which is · cilia which means

Prononciation à surveiller

Le locuteur utilise 25 contractions et formes réduites, comme they're, we've, doesn't. Prononcez-les sous leur forme courte, telles que vous les entendez.

Les sons « th »: smooth /smuːð/, breathe /bɹiːð/, epithelium /ˌɛpɪˈθiːlɪəm/
Les sons « sh » et « zh »: tissue /ˈtɪʃ.(j)u/, capture /ˈkæp.(t)ʃɚ/, projection /pɹəˈd͡ʒɛkʃən/, transitional /tɹænˈzɪʃənəl/
Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: apparatus /ˌæp.əˈɹeɪ.təs/, facilitate /fəˈsɪlɪteɪt/, transitional /tɹænˈzɪʃənəl/, epithelium /ˌɛpɪˈθiːlɪəm/, particulate /pɑːˈtɪk.jʊ.lɪt/

Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo

Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
Commencez à la vitesse 0,75×, répétez phrase par phrase, puis revenez à la vitesse normale quand cela devient facile.
Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme layer, boundary, lung.

Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?

Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.

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