쉐도잉 연습: How 'Dune' Replicated Real-Life Ancient Architecture | Architectural Digest - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기
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The fictional planet Dune is so incredibly hot that it can reach 160 degrees during the day.
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And where water is so scarce that it can be measured in human lives.
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Each one of these drinks every day the equivalent of five men.
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20 palm trees.
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100 lives.
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Hi, I'm Michael Weitzner and I've been an architect for over 35 years.
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Today we're going to explore how the architecture of Dune teaches us the difference between adapting to an environment
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and just surviving it.
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Dune mostly takes place on the desert planet of Arrakis.
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And on this planet, there is a little mouse who is adapted to the extreme conditions of the desert.
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In the world of Dune, that mouse is called Muad'Dib, and there are a few interesting notes about that name.
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It actually comes from the Arabic word for a tutor or teacher.
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It's also the chosen common name of Paul Atreides,
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which shows us that he intends to learn from the desert and not impose his ways upon it.
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So first, let's take a look at Arakin.
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And it is clear from the scale of this building that it is not here to make friends.
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It is here to dominate.
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In the book, it is described as the largest structure ever built by man, which is obviously inspired by the pyramids of Giza,
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which was like the largest building in the world for like 3 ,800 years.
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Let's get a closer look at the palace.
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Okay, so here's everything that jumps out at me.
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You can see how everything is sloped to deflect the wind from all the sandstorms.
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And the entire complex appears to be made out of poured in place concrete.
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There's a definite lack of windows, which is done to control the solar heat gain inside the building.
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So they obviously want to let some natural light inside the building.
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But the heat is so intense that they have to control it.
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And they use these massive concrete planes that are pivoted to close off the heat from getting inside.
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My lord, the sun's getting too high.
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We need to seal the doors.
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They use other strategies to control the heat, like light wells and screens.
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And these screens are known as jali, which were used historically throughout
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Middle Eastern architecture to allow the light in and yet mitigate the heat.
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According to the production designers, they were inspired by Egyptian pyramids and also Aztec pyramids and the ziggurats of Mesopotamia.
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And the main palace on closer inspection is inspired by the Pyramid of the Sun in Mexico.
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In addition to the Pyramid of the Sun, there was also the Pyramid of the Moon, but more on the Moon later.
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You can clearly see these influences, but at the same time, this takes place 8 ,000 years in the future.
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And it reminds me of some more modern architectural and artistic influences also.
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One artist's work this reminds me of is Michael Heiser, who created this amazing piece of land art in the middle of the desert in Nevada,
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which he called just plainly City.
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And what's interesting is Heiser was the son of an anthropologist who actually worked in Mexico.
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And these pieces that he constructed in the desert in Nevada are clearly influenced by the pyramids there.
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And it's really interesting that it's called City because
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if you look at it from above in some of these wide -angle shots,
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it looks very similar to what they did for the sets on Dune.
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So to give you an idea of the scale of what Michael Heiser built in the desert,
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it's over 200 acres in the middle of the desert and it took him 50 years to build it.
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But in addition to Michael Heiser, I also want to talk about Carlo Scarpa,
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the great Italian architect, who also built in concrete and he used board form concrete.
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And it reminded me a lot of what we saw in the palace.
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So to build out a concrete, you essentially have to build twice.
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First, you have to build the forms or the mold that you're going to pour the liquid concrete into.
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They used to build concrete forms out of wooden boards before plywood came along.
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And each board would leave an impression in the concrete, which you could clearly see in these images from Arakeen.
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And you could also clearly see from these images of the buildings that Carlos Scarpa built.
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So it's curious that 8 ,000 years in the future, they're still building out of board -formed concrete.
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So Scarpa was known to be a very, very sensitive architect.
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And he had a great sense of materiality.
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And he would put a very fine material next to a very rough material,
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which is also done by some other architects like Louis Kahn and Rem Kulaus.
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But Scarpa had this very poetic way of combining materials.
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He also had a great sense of natural light and how to manipulate that light.
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And the other thing he did, which you could clearly see in some of the details in Arakeen,
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is he would sort of do these concentric forms.
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He would step things back, almost like the tympanum at the entrance to a Gothic church.
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In a more basic sense, because everything here is built out of concrete, it's very reminiscent of brutalism the architecture style from the 60s and 70s.
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And while concrete at first seems to be a perfect material for withstanding the desert environment,
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to build it, you actually need water and a lot of it.
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So the idea that the largest building ever was built out of concrete, which requires water, a massive amount of water,
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while people are dying of thirst.
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Seems like the height of arrogance.
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Of course, the desert of June is wildly different from the wet and lush world that Paul has arrived from.
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And what really drives home this point is
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when Paul tells Zendaya's character about swimming because she can't imagine that much water in one place.
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When you see sand here, imagine water.
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If you dive in, it's called swimming.
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I don't believe you.
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So let's take a look at Paul's home world, Caladan.
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So here's everything that jumps out at me.
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The big difference here is that this environment and this climate is very different.
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They're trying to bring light into the space, and they're doing so through the use of these circular openings.
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And these circular openings in Chinese architecture are known as moon gates.
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So moon gates traditionally were used in Chinese architecture to enter into a garden,
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and they were very symbolic of the idea of passing from one world into another world, the transition between one space into another space.
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And so I think there's an implied symbolism here of the transition that Paul is about to undertake.
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The first time we see Paul Atreides in the film is through one of these moon gates.
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And also the first time Paul learns about Arrakis, we see him through a moon gate again.
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And the first time he meets the Bene Gesserit for his test, he passes through one of these moon gates.
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And he even receives a warning from his family physician in Mandarin Chinese.
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Which is maybe a subtle nod to the architectural symbolism of this scene.
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Circles continue to appear as a motif throughout the film, including the spaceships that fold space and time,
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and even the mouth of the sandworm Shai Halud.
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Interestingly, the name of the sandworms, Shai Halud, is also inspired from the Arabic.
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Shai comes from sheun, which means thing, and Halud roughly means immortality or eternity, which is also another symbolic meaning of the circle.
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And now let's talk about the architecture of the native people, the Fremen.
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Here's everything that jumps out at me.
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What I love is that it appears to be just carved out of the mountain.
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And it's at a massive scale.
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You can see the size of a figure standing right here in front of what appears to be this huge entrance.
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But in fact, it's sort of just symbolic of the entrance with the real human scaled entrance recessed here within this deep channel.
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And then they also have this big slot of a horizontal window here.
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The idea is to control the light, which controls the heat.
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And then what's also sort of curious are these series of paired circular openings, which obviously are either vents or some sort of small window.
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So what I really like about carving
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it out of the mountain is you're not bringing in trees to make forms and water to make concrete.
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You're using what's already in the environment and making something out of that.
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You're adapting to the environment instead of bringing something else to it, which is the height of sustainability.
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So what I really like is that it's very reminiscent of the buildings
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that were carved out of the walls of the canyon at the ancient city of Petra in Jordan.
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So in the film, the name for these Fremen villagers are called sieges.
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But according to the author, it's pronounced C -H.
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And in fact, the word siech or C -H is very similar to the word al -sik in Arabic,
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which is the name of the narrow canyon that leads to the city of Petra.
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So this spectacular sandstone city of Petra was built by the Nabataeans in the 3rd century BC, where they carved temples, tombs,
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and stables into the soft stone cliffs.
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And in an interesting parallel to the film, it would have said that Petra was created by Moses
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when his staff struck the rock that brought forth water to the Israelites.
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And in the book, like Moses, Paul is considered to be a liberator who will bring the Fremen people to freedom.
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So there are other examples of how the Fremen and their architecture have adapted to the desert,
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such as the fabric tents that we see later in the film.
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So the various tent constructions in the film appear to reference real -world desert culture,
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such as the traditional tent of the nomadic Bedouin people who call the deserts of the Middle East their home.
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These tents are called Beit al -Shar, which literally translates to house of hair.
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So the thing about these traditional tents is that they were very suited to their environment because they were light and transportable.
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They were made out of animal hair.
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They allowed the breeze to flow through when it was dry.
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And the fibers would swell up and prevent the water from coming through.
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And the oil would shed the water from the roof when it was wet.
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Although that's not really a concern for Arrakis.
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By living and adapting to an extreme climate like this, the people settling there are forced to come up with new and innovative designs.
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So that's just some of the architecture from part one of Dune.
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If you want to see a breakdown of the architecture in part two, let us know in the comments below.
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이 레슨의 어휘와 말하기 포인트
이 말하기 레슨은 영상 “How 'Dune' Replicated Real-Life Ancient Architecture”을(를) 바탕으로 합니다. 가장 자주 반복되는 단어는 다음과 같습니다: concrete, desert, architecture, Pyramid, moon. 이 영상에는 섀도잉할 문장 131개와 단어 1852개가 있습니다. 말하는 구간의 길이는 9:40입니다. 화자는 분당 약 192단어로 빠르게 말하므로 연음과 약하게 발음되는 소리가 많습니다. 단어의 82%가 영어에서 가장 많이 쓰이는 3,000단어에 속합니다. 나머지는 연습 전에 미리 확인해 두세요.
이 영상의 핵심 어휘
영상에 나오는 익혀 둘 만한 단어 15개를 발음, 뜻과 함께 정리했습니다.
| 단어 | 발음 | 뜻 |
|---|---|---|
| desert 명사 | /ˈdɛz.ɚt/ | 사막 |
| architecture 명사 | /ˈɑː.kɪˌtɛk.t͡ʃə/ | 건축, 건축학 |
| gate 명사 | /ˈɡeɪ̯t/ | 문, 대문 |
| tent 명사 | /tɛnt/ | 텐트, 천막 |
| adapt 동사 | /əˈdæpt/ | 적응하다 |
| entrance 명사 | /ˈɛn.tɹəns/ | 입구 |
| architect 명사 | /ˈɑɹ.kɪˌtɛkt/ | 설계자, 계획자 |
| pyramid 명사 | /ˈpɪɹ.ə.mɪd/ | 피라미드, 금자탑 |
| palace 명사 | /ˈpælɪs/ | 궁, 궁전 |
| remind 동사 | /ɹəˈmaɪnd/ | 생각나게 하다, 상기(想起)시키다 |
| transition 명사 | /tɹænˈzɪʃ.ən/ | 전이, 변화 |
| curious 형용사 | /ˈkjʊɹ.i.əs/ | 호기심이 많은, 궁금하다 |
| mouse 명사 | /maʊs/ | 생쥐, 쥐 |
| swim 동사 | /swɪm/ | 수영하다, 헤엄치다 |
| pour 동사 | /poɹ/ | 붓다 |
따라 말해 볼 만한 문장
영상에 나오는 짧고 완결된 문장으로, 일상 대화에서 그대로 쓸 수 있습니다:
- Let's get a closer look at the palace.
- My lord, the sun's getting too high.
- If you dive in, it's called swimming.
- Here's everything that jumps out at me.
이 영상의 문법
화자가 가장 많이 쓰는 문형을 영상 속 실제 표현과 함께 정리했습니다.
| 문형 | 영상 속 표현 |
|---|---|
| 수동태 be + 과거분사 — 누가 하는지보다 무슨 일이 일어나는지에 초점 | can be measured · is adapted · is called |
| 관계절 who / which + 절 — 사람이나 사물에 대한 추가 정보 | man, which is · windows, which is · jali, which were |
| 현재완료 have/has + 과거분사 — 과거의 일이 지금도 관련이 있을 때 | I've been · has arrived · have adapted |
주의할 발음
화자는 you're, they're, can't 같은 축약형과 약화된 형태를 12번 사용합니다. 들리는 대로 짧게 발음하세요.
- “th” 소리: withstand /wɪðˈstænd/, thirst /θɝst/, anthropologist /ˌæn.θɹoʊˈpɑl.ə.d͡ʒɪst/
- “sh”와 “zh” 소리: transition /tɹænˈzɪʃ.ən/, essentially /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/, impression /ɪmˈpɹɛʃn̩/, physician /fəˈzɪʃən/, inspection /ɪnˈspɛkʃən/
- 긴 단어 — 강세 위치에 주의: architecture /ˈɑː.kɪˌtɛk.t͡ʃə/, architectural /ˌɑɹkɪˈtɛkt͡ʃəɹəl/, essentially /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/, incredibly /ɪŋˈkɹɛdɪbli/, innovative /ˈɪn.əˌveɪtɪv/
한국어 화자가 어려워하는 소리:
- /f/ — ㅍ(/p/)으로 바꾸지 말고 윗니를 아랫입술에 대기: roughly /ˈɹʌf.li/, physician /fəˈzɪʃən/, cliff /klɪf/, fabric /ˈfæb.ɹɪk/, fold /ˈfəʊld/
- /v/ — ㅂ(/b/)과 구별하기: sensitive /ˈsɛn.sɪt.ɪv/, dive /daɪv/, innovative /ˈɪn.əˌveɪtɪv/, vent /vɛnt/, carving /ˈkɑɹvɪŋ/
- /z/ — ㅈ이 아니라 성대를 울리는 /s/: desert /ˈdɛz.ɚt/, transition /tɹænˈzɪʃ.ən/, designer /dɪˈzaɪnɚ/, physician /fəˈzɪʃən/, translate /tɹænzˈleɪt/
이 영상으로 연습하는 방법
- 먼저 말하지 않고 영상을 끝까지 듣고 모르는 단어를 적어 둡니다.
- 0.75배속으로 한 문장씩 섀도잉을 시작하고, 익숙해지면 보통 속도로 돌아갑니다.
- 자신의 목소리를 녹음해 원본과 비교하고, desert, architecture, gate 같은 단어에 특히 주의합니다.
쉐도잉이란? 영어 실력을 빠르게 키우는 과학적 방법
쉐도잉(Shadowing)은 원래 전문 통역사 훈련을 위해 개발된 언어 학습 기법으로, 다언어 학자인 Dr. Alexander Arguelles에 의해 대중화된 방법입니다. 핵심 원리는 간단하지만 매우 강력합니다: 원어민의 영어를 들으면서 1~2초의 짧은 지연으로 즉시 소리 내어 따라 말하는 것——마치 '그림자(shadow)'처럼 화자를 따라가는 것입니다. 문법 공부나 수동적인 청취와 달리, 쉐도잉은 뇌와 입 근육이 동시에 실시간으로 영어를 처리하고 재현하도록 훈련합니다. 연구에 따르면 이 방법은 발음 정확도, 억양, 리듬, 연음, 청취력, 말하기 유창성을 크게 향상시킵니다. IELTS 스피킹 준비와 자연스러운 영어 소통을 원하는 분들에게 특히 효과적입니다.