Pratique du Shadowing: How 'Dune' Replicated Real-Life Ancient Architecture | Architectural Digest - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo
Choisissez un mode d'entraînement
Chaque mode ouvre une salle d'entraînement en plein écran.
131 phrases
Si les phrases sont trop courtes ou trop longues, cliquez sur Edit pour les ajuster.
1
The fictional planet Dune is so incredibly hot that it can reach 160 degrees during the day.
2
And where water is so scarce that it can be measured in human lives.
3
Each one of these drinks every day the equivalent of five men.
4
20 palm trees.
5
100 lives.
6
Hi, I'm Michael Weitzner and I've been an architect for over 35 years.
7
Today we're going to explore how the architecture of Dune teaches us the difference between adapting to an environment
8
and just surviving it.
9
Dune mostly takes place on the desert planet of Arrakis.
10
And on this planet, there is a little mouse who is adapted to the extreme conditions of the desert.
11
In the world of Dune, that mouse is called Muad'Dib, and there are a few interesting notes about that name.
12
It actually comes from the Arabic word for a tutor or teacher.
13
It's also the chosen common name of Paul Atreides,
14
which shows us that he intends to learn from the desert and not impose his ways upon it.
15
So first, let's take a look at Arakin.
16
And it is clear from the scale of this building that it is not here to make friends.
17
It is here to dominate.
18
In the book, it is described as the largest structure ever built by man, which is obviously inspired by the pyramids of Giza,
19
which was like the largest building in the world for like 3 ,800 years.
20
Let's get a closer look at the palace.
21
Okay, so here's everything that jumps out at me.
22
You can see how everything is sloped to deflect the wind from all the sandstorms.
23
And the entire complex appears to be made out of poured in place concrete.
24
There's a definite lack of windows, which is done to control the solar heat gain inside the building.
25
So they obviously want to let some natural light inside the building.
26
But the heat is so intense that they have to control it.
27
And they use these massive concrete planes that are pivoted to close off the heat from getting inside.
28
My lord, the sun's getting too high.
29
We need to seal the doors.
30
They use other strategies to control the heat, like light wells and screens.
31
And these screens are known as jali, which were used historically throughout
32
Middle Eastern architecture to allow the light in and yet mitigate the heat.
33
According to the production designers, they were inspired by Egyptian pyramids and also Aztec pyramids and the ziggurats of Mesopotamia.
34
And the main palace on closer inspection is inspired by the Pyramid of the Sun in Mexico.
35
In addition to the Pyramid of the Sun, there was also the Pyramid of the Moon, but more on the Moon later.
36
You can clearly see these influences, but at the same time, this takes place 8 ,000 years in the future.
37
And it reminds me of some more modern architectural and artistic influences also.
38
One artist's work this reminds me of is Michael Heiser, who created this amazing piece of land art in the middle of the desert in Nevada,
39
which he called just plainly City.
40
And what's interesting is Heiser was the son of an anthropologist who actually worked in Mexico.
41
And these pieces that he constructed in the desert in Nevada are clearly influenced by the pyramids there.
42
And it's really interesting that it's called City because
43
if you look at it from above in some of these wide -angle shots,
44
it looks very similar to what they did for the sets on Dune.
45
So to give you an idea of the scale of what Michael Heiser built in the desert,
46
it's over 200 acres in the middle of the desert and it took him 50 years to build it.
47
But in addition to Michael Heiser, I also want to talk about Carlo Scarpa,
48
the great Italian architect, who also built in concrete and he used board form concrete.
49
And it reminded me a lot of what we saw in the palace.
50
So to build out a concrete, you essentially have to build twice.
51
First, you have to build the forms or the mold that you're going to pour the liquid concrete into.
52
They used to build concrete forms out of wooden boards before plywood came along.
53
And each board would leave an impression in the concrete, which you could clearly see in these images from Arakeen.
54
And you could also clearly see from these images of the buildings that Carlos Scarpa built.
55
So it's curious that 8 ,000 years in the future, they're still building out of board -formed concrete.
56
So Scarpa was known to be a very, very sensitive architect.
57
And he had a great sense of materiality.
58
And he would put a very fine material next to a very rough material,
59
which is also done by some other architects like Louis Kahn and Rem Kulaus.
60
But Scarpa had this very poetic way of combining materials.
61
He also had a great sense of natural light and how to manipulate that light.
62
And the other thing he did, which you could clearly see in some of the details in Arakeen,
63
is he would sort of do these concentric forms.
64
He would step things back, almost like the tympanum at the entrance to a Gothic church.
65
In a more basic sense, because everything here is built out of concrete, it's very reminiscent of brutalism the architecture style from the 60s and 70s.
66
And while concrete at first seems to be a perfect material for withstanding the desert environment,
67
to build it, you actually need water and a lot of it.
68
So the idea that the largest building ever was built out of concrete, which requires water, a massive amount of water,
69
while people are dying of thirst.
70
Seems like the height of arrogance.
71
Of course, the desert of June is wildly different from the wet and lush world that Paul has arrived from.
72
And what really drives home this point is
73
when Paul tells Zendaya's character about swimming because she can't imagine that much water in one place.
74
When you see sand here, imagine water.
75
If you dive in, it's called swimming.
76
I don't believe you.
77
So let's take a look at Paul's home world, Caladan.
78
So here's everything that jumps out at me.
79
The big difference here is that this environment and this climate is very different.
80
They're trying to bring light into the space, and they're doing so through the use of these circular openings.
81
And these circular openings in Chinese architecture are known as moon gates.
82
So moon gates traditionally were used in Chinese architecture to enter into a garden,
83
and they were very symbolic of the idea of passing from one world into another world, the transition between one space into another space.
84
And so I think there's an implied symbolism here of the transition that Paul is about to undertake.
85
The first time we see Paul Atreides in the film is through one of these moon gates.
86
And also the first time Paul learns about Arrakis, we see him through a moon gate again.
87
And the first time he meets the Bene Gesserit for his test, he passes through one of these moon gates.
88
And he even receives a warning from his family physician in Mandarin Chinese.
89
Which is maybe a subtle nod to the architectural symbolism of this scene.
90
Circles continue to appear as a motif throughout the film, including the spaceships that fold space and time,
91
and even the mouth of the sandworm Shai Halud.
92
Interestingly, the name of the sandworms, Shai Halud, is also inspired from the Arabic.
93
Shai comes from sheun, which means thing, and Halud roughly means immortality or eternity, which is also another symbolic meaning of the circle.
94
And now let's talk about the architecture of the native people, the Fremen.
95
Here's everything that jumps out at me.
96
What I love is that it appears to be just carved out of the mountain.
97
And it's at a massive scale.
98
You can see the size of a figure standing right here in front of what appears to be this huge entrance.
99
But in fact, it's sort of just symbolic of the entrance with the real human scaled entrance recessed here within this deep channel.
100
And then they also have this big slot of a horizontal window here.
101
The idea is to control the light, which controls the heat.
102
And then what's also sort of curious are these series of paired circular openings, which obviously are either vents or some sort of small window.
103
So what I really like about carving
104
it out of the mountain is you're not bringing in trees to make forms and water to make concrete.
105
You're using what's already in the environment and making something out of that.
106
You're adapting to the environment instead of bringing something else to it, which is the height of sustainability.
107
So what I really like is that it's very reminiscent of the buildings
108
that were carved out of the walls of the canyon at the ancient city of Petra in Jordan.
109
So in the film, the name for these Fremen villagers are called sieges.
110
But according to the author, it's pronounced C -H.
111
And in fact, the word siech or C -H is very similar to the word al -sik in Arabic,
112
which is the name of the narrow canyon that leads to the city of Petra.
113
So this spectacular sandstone city of Petra was built by the Nabataeans in the 3rd century BC, where they carved temples, tombs,
114
and stables into the soft stone cliffs.
115
And in an interesting parallel to the film, it would have said that Petra was created by Moses
116
when his staff struck the rock that brought forth water to the Israelites.
117
And in the book, like Moses, Paul is considered to be a liberator who will bring the Fremen people to freedom.
118
So there are other examples of how the Fremen and their architecture have adapted to the desert,
119
such as the fabric tents that we see later in the film.
120
So the various tent constructions in the film appear to reference real -world desert culture,
121
such as the traditional tent of the nomadic Bedouin people who call the deserts of the Middle East their home.
122
These tents are called Beit al -Shar, which literally translates to house of hair.
123
So the thing about these traditional tents is that they were very suited to their environment because they were light and transportable.
124
They were made out of animal hair.
125
They allowed the breeze to flow through when it was dry.
126
And the fibers would swell up and prevent the water from coming through.
127
And the oil would shed the water from the roof when it was wet.
128
Although that's not really a concern for Arrakis.
129
By living and adapting to an extreme climate like this, the people settling there are forced to come up with new and innovative designs.
130
So that's just some of the architecture from part one of Dune.
131
If you want to see a breakdown of the architecture in part two, let us know in the comments below.
Télécharger l'application
Tout pour parler couramment
Prononciation IAChaque phrase notée
Phonétique (IPA)Maîtrisez chaque son
VocabulaireEnrichissez votre lexique
Jeu de vocabulaireApprenez en jouant
Même chaîne
B21
Inside Troian Bellisario & Patrick J. Adams’s Eclectic L.A. Home | Open Door | Architectural Digest
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
C1Inside An Experimental Off-Grid Modern Cabin | Unique Spaces | Architectural Digest
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C11
Architect Breaks Down 5 of the Most Common New York Apartments | Architectural Digest
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
C12
How This Famous Architect Changed America | Architectural Digest
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B23
Inside Amanda Seyfried’s Peaceful New York Home | Open Door | Architectural Digest
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B23
Inside a Small 465-Sq-Ft Malibu Beach House With a Loft Bedroom | Architectural Digest
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B22
Inside Lenny Kravitz’s Regal Paris Home | Open Door | Architectural Digest
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B27
Inside Dakota Johnson's Serene Hollywood Home | Open Door | Architectural Digest
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B26
Inside The Home Frank Lloyd Wright Designed For His Son | Unique Spaces | Architectural Digest
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
How This Famous Architect Revolutionized The Way Architects Design | Architectural Digest
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C14
Every Way Emma Chamberlain Has Updated Her Home | Architectural Digest
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B11
Inside Jensen and Danneel Ackles' Home | Open Door | Architectural Digest
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B22
Inside Jeff Goldblum & Emilie Goldblum's Playful Guest House | Open Door | Architectural Digest
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B24
Inside Lana Condor’s Dream California Home | Open Door | Architectural Digest
University StudentsWorking Adults
C14
Inside a Woodland Home Built Over Water to Become One With Nature | Architectural Digest
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B22
Inside Nina Dobrev's 1920's Spanish-Style Home | Open Door | Architectural Digest
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B210
Inside Kendall Jenner’s Home at Christmas | Open Door | Architectural Digest
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B226
Inside Kendall Jenner’s Cozy Mountain Home | Open Door | Architectural Digest
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B216
Inside Kendall Jenner’s Cozy L.A. Hideaway | Open Door | Architectural Digest
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B1Inside Lucy Hale’s Whimsical L.A. Home | Open Door | Architectural Digest
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
FOR YOU
Vidéo recommandée
C12
56 phrases
What if the world runs out of sand? | The Royal Society
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
143 phrases
The Architecture of Kengo Kuma: A Complete Retrospective
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C12
394 phrases
The Odyssey : the only Christopher Nolan interview you need to watch
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
129 phrases
The CRAZIEST Survival Methods Used by Ancient Humans During Ice Age
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
215 phrases
This New Pyramid Theory Explains the Missing Evidence
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C15
67 phrases
The Real Story of the Mongolian Singing Dunes
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B21
398 phrases
THIS Is Where the Internet Lives
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C12
169 phrases
12 Things That Could Destroy Earth
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
113 phrases
Architectural Design Process Explained
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B24
253 phrases
Never Read Again! AI Will Do It For You
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B21
6 phrases
Dune 4K HDR | The Spice Harvester Scene 2/2 - Worm Attack
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
C13
742 phrases
The REAL reason China built so much
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon
Cette leçon d’expression orale s’appuie sur la vidéo « How 'Dune' Replicated Real-Life Ancient Architecture ». Les mots qui reviennent le plus souvent : concrete, desert, architecture, Pyramid, moon. Cette vidéo contient 131 phrases et 1852 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 9:40. Le locuteur parle vite, environ 192 mots par minute : attendez-vous à des liaisons et à des sons réduits. 82 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais ; le reste mérite d’être vu avant de commencer.
Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo
15 mots de la vidéo à retenir, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| concrete adjectif | /ˌkɑnˈkɹit/ | concret |
| desert nom | /ˈdɛz.ɚt/ | désert |
| architecture nom | /ˈɑː.kɪˌtɛk.t͡ʃə/ | architecture |
| gate nom | /ˈɡeɪ̯t/ | portail, porte |
| tent nom | /tɛnt/ | tente, guitoune |
| adapt verbe | /əˈdæpt/ | adapter |
| entrance nom | /ˈɛn.tɹəns/ | entrée |
| architect nom | /ˈɑɹ.kɪˌtɛkt/ | architecte |
| inspire verbe | /ɪnˈspaɪə(ɹ)/ | inspirer |
| pyramid nom | /ˈpɪɹ.ə.mɪd/ | pyramide |
| palace nom | /ˈpælɪs/ | palais |
| remind verbe | /ɹəˈmaɪnd/ | rappeler à |
| circular adjectif | /ˈsɜɹ.kjə.ləɹ/ | circulaire |
| symbolic adjectif | symbolique | |
| transition nom | /tɹænˈzɪʃ.ən/ | transition |
Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez
| Mot | Sens |
|---|---|
| come along verbe | accompagner, venir |
| come up with verbe | inventer, imaginer |
| pass through verbe | traverser |
Des phrases à répéter
Des phrases courtes et complètes de la vidéo, à réutiliser dans la conversation de tous les jours :
- Let's get a closer look at the palace.
- My lord, the sun's getting too high.
- If you dive in, it's called swimming.
- Here's everything that jumps out at me.
La grammaire de cette vidéo
Les structures que le locuteur utilise le plus, avec les mots exacts de la vidéo :
| Structure | Dans la vidéo |
|---|---|
| Voix passive be + participe passé — l’accent est mis sur ce qui arrive, pas sur qui le fait | can be measured · is adapted · is called |
| Propositions relatives who / which + proposition — une précision sur une personne ou une chose | man, which is · windows, which is · jali, which were |
| Present perfect have/has + participe passé — une action passée qui compte encore maintenant | I've been · has arrived · have adapted |
Prononciation à surveiller
Le locuteur utilise 12 contractions et formes réduites, comme you're, they're, can't. Prononcez-les sous leur forme courte, telles que vous les entendez.
- Les sons « th »: withstand /wɪðˈstænd/, thirst /θɝst/, anthropologist /ˌæn.θɹoʊˈpɑl.ə.d͡ʒɪst/
- Les sons « sh » et « zh »: transition /tɹænˈzɪʃ.ən/, essentially /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/, impression /ɪmˈpɹɛʃn̩/, physician /fəˈzɪʃən/, inspection /ɪnˈspɛkʃən/
- Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: architecture /ˈɑː.kɪˌtɛk.t͡ʃə/, architectural /ˌɑɹkɪˈtɛkt͡ʃəɹəl/, essentially /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/, incredibly /ɪŋˈkɹɛdɪbli/, innovative /ˈɪn.əˌveɪtɪv/
Les sons difficiles pour les francophones :
- /h/ — il se souffle, il n’est pas muet: historically /hɪˈstɔɹɪkli/, horizontal /ˌhoɹəˈzɑn.təl/
- /tʃ/ et /dʒ/ — à ne pas adoucir en « ch » et « j »: architecture /ˈɑː.kɪˌtɛk.t͡ʃə/, architectural /ˌɑɹkɪˈtɛkt͡ʃəɹəl/, siege /siːd͡ʒ/, anthropologist /ˌæn.θɹoʊˈpɑl.ə.d͡ʒɪst/, villager /ˈvɪlɪd͡ʒɚ/
- /r/ anglais — langue recourbée, sans frotter la gorge: concrete /ˌkɑnˈkɹit/, entrance /ˈɛn.tɹəns/, architect /ˈɑɹ.kɪˌtɛkt/, inspire /ɪnˈspaɪə(ɹ)/, pyramid /ˈpɪɹ.ə.mɪd/
Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo
- Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
- Commencez à la vitesse 0,75×, répétez phrase par phrase, puis revenez à la vitesse normale quand cela devient facile.
- Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme concrete, desert, architecture.
Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?
Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.