Pratique du Shadowing: 12 Things That Could Destroy Earth - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo
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Time and again, Earth has faced scenarios pushing us to the brink of our existence.
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Whether it's a giant asteroid that's slammed into us,
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or an invisible virus creating a worldwide pandemic, danger is ever -present.
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But despite these interferences, humanity has always figured out how to claw our way back.
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But for how long?
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Will one of these 12 scenarios end life on our blue marble forever?
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And how likely are they to happen?
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12. World War III breaks out.
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Bombs, shelters, rations.
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The last time we had a world war was in 1939.
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Are we on the brink of another one?
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With global tensions rising and battles erupting all around the world, the possibility of a world war becomes greater and greater every year.
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Regardless of how things escalate, this war would be unlike anything else we've experienced.
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Advanced military technologies, the fight for natural resources and nukes would all be possibilities.
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The battlegrounds could be the United States, Russia, or potentially Taiwan.
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So if World War III were to happen, how would you survive?
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If you're not up for an armed resistance, you'd better get out of the big cities, which are often targets.
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Head for rural areas, make a survival kit, and just maybe start thinking now about a move to a safe haven,
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very far north or very far south.
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Will it be Greenland, New Zealand, or Antarctica?
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Of course, all this is assuming a world war with conventional weapons, but what if there's something much worse?
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But before we get to that, let me show you something that the What If team has been using these days,
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something we're super excited to tell you about.
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It's a browser called Opera.
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This browser is just a better way to surf the internet.
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It's safer, it's more secure, and just makes everything faster.
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One of my favorite features of Opera is the tab islands.
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You know, sometimes I'm researching multiple stories at once, and before you know it, I've got dozens, hundreds of tabs open.
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But with tab islands, I can easily group the tabs to stay organized.
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It's also got a built -in AI chatbot called ARIA.
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With just a few clicks, you can highlight any text online, and ARIA will give you more information on the subject.
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I use it all the time when I'm trying to get through more complex science articles.
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Plus, there's a built -in VPN, ad blocker, and messenger tab.
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And it's even got this feature called Lucid Mode that automatically sharpens blurry videos.
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Say goodbye to 480p.
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If you want to browse the internet like it's 2024, well, check out the link in the description to download Opera.
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It's totally free, and it's the best way to explore the internet.
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11. An all -out nuclear apocalypse.
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A regional nuclear war would kill millions, but it wouldn't end the world.
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Pull a couple of heavy hitters into the ring, like the US and Russia, and all bets are off.
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A 300 kiloton bomb explosion will vaporize anything, people included.
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But this is just a start.
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If multiple nukes went off, every explosion would create a giant fireball as hot as the Sun's core.
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You think that's bad?
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It gets worse.
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The dense black carbon smoke would spread across the Northern Hemisphere, freezing the Earth and causing a nuclear winter for up to 10 years.
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99 % of the population of the US, Europe, Russia and China could starve to death.
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Assuming you survive the blast, seek shelter immediately.
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For the week or two after, you'll want to hunker down indoors to avoid radioactive fallout.
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Hiding inside the thickest concrete or underground might protect you from the radiation, but how would you escape the harsh nuclear winter?
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New Zealand, anyone?
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If human beings don't end up killing each other on Earth, well, there could be another thing that does.
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Yeah, I'm talking about aliens, and not because they want to enslave us, like we see in the movies.
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What if it's because they're hungry for that one thing that even we can't get enough of?
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Before I tell you what that is, do aliens even exist?
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Well, the Drake Equation estimates
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that there's a 53 to 99 percent a 0 .6 % chance that we're the only intelligent life in the Milky Way.
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So if aliens are out there, how would they even get to Earth?
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Maybe they'd use a futuristic spacecraft, or travel via wormhole.
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And maybe they'd pop by because they're hungry. For energy.
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A Type II alien civilization could potentially have a Dyson Sphere, a ball that orbits their planet,
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harvesting solar energy, and looking for new sources.
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Like our Sun?
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Yikes.
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And if our Sun goes, you can say goodbye to virtually all life on Earth, humans would freeze to death, our crops would cease to exist,
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and our once -blue marble would become a barren wasteland.
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OK, maybe a little unrealistic let's move on to something a little more likely.
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A truly massive 96 km wide asteroid would finish us all off.
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Shrink it down to 12 km wide, and it might leave a few of us standing.
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It would still be horrific.
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The site of the impact would get very, very hot.
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tsunamis would rise from the oceans, billions of us would die.
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The impact would spawn an enormous dust plume engulfing the globe.
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It would block out the Sun, and a deep freeze would set in for thousands, even millions of years.
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Now, chances are small, but if it happens, what should you do?
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Well, scientists tell us an underground bunker would be the best option.
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Now, if you can't swing that, well, at least stay away from the impact zone and clear of coastal areas with tsunamis.
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But sooner or later, you're going to freeze to death.
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Or things could get really, really hot.
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Just like a super -large asteroid could take us out, so could a supervolcano.
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200 million years ago, Earth was hit by a supervolcano, which wiped out 75 % of the species on Earth.
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It was so strong it ripped apart
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North America from Africa and plonked the Atlantic Ocean bang in the middle.
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And did it stop with just one massive eruption?
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Yeah, sorry, that's a no. For 600 ,000 years, the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province,
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or camp, erupted again and again.
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Lava covered everything.
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Volcanic ash rained down.
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But you won't believe the thing that got us.
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It was pollution.
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CO2 and carbon levels skyrocketed, causing sweeping environmental destruction.
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So is there a massive eruption waiting to happen today?
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Well, below the surface of Yellowstone Park sits a giant caldera.
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We don't think it'll erupt anytime soon, but in the distant future, it might.
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If it does erupt, well, expect a repeat of what happened 200 million years ago.
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Luckily, geologists are monitoring
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Earth for seismic activity.
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But can anyone save us from a zombie apocalypse?
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The Cordyceps fungus creates zombified ants, growing around their brains and taking over their nervous system.
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Could this jump over to humans and create a bona fide human zombie?
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Well, scientists suggest that our body temperature is simply too high for the fungus to survive.
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But what if this fungus somehow did take over our systems?
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Big cities like
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New York, London and Hong Kong would be the first major targets of an event like this.
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And due to the cordyceps spreading via spores, it would be incredibly difficult to avoid getting infected.
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The zombies would slowly take over major metropolitan areas.
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If you live in more rural areas of the world, you'd likely be safe. For now.
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Yeah, that's right, another pandemic.
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If you're watching this, you were lucky enough to survive the COVID -19 pandemic.
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But will you survive the next one?
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Our world is changing, and for the worse.
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In the next few decades, the probability of a novel disease outbreak will grow three times due to population growth,
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changes in our food systems, and closer contact between humans and animals.
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Scientists predict another pandemic will hit us within the next 59 years.
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And a new virus could be a more dangerous killer.
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It might mutate faster, or we might not make a vaccine for it as quickly as we did with COVID.
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Instead of 7 million people who died from the virus, it could be tens of millions.
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During the COVID pandemic, a bit of bioengineering went a long way in creating mRNA vaccines that saved our lives.
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But can the same synthetic biology that saved our lives kill us off too?
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In a secret lab somewhere, could someone create a virus or superbacteria that will wipe out the human race?
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Imagine a super virus that spreads silently.
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It leaves its victims asymptomatic for weeks, only to turn deadly after that prolonged gestation.
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Due to how much the world travels and how much smaller everything has become, the virus can spread more quickly and reach more people.
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Now that is something that could wipe out humanity.
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Unless you're just someone who never sees people, then maybe you'll be safe.
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But if the virus doesn't get you, I bet the next apocalyptic scenario will.
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Well, it doesn't sound like a huge deal,
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but a 4 degrees Celsius rise in temperature would destroy life on Earth as we know it.
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Sea levels would rise by a half meter to a full meter, and maybe even more by the year 2100.
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Cities like New York, London, and Venice would see extreme flooding.
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Food production would go haywire.
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We'd see heat waves in the tropics and frequent high -intensity tropical cyclones.
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Our coral reefs would be destroyed.
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And that's not the end.
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The water would keep rising in the coming centuries.
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In a world like this, humanity might not go extinct, but Earth would only be able to support just one billion people.
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Let's hope you're one of the lucky few.
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OK, that sounds bad, but what happens if it suddenly gets harder to breathe?
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3. Oceanic anoxia Ocean oxygen concentrations are declining today.
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Are we in danger of an oceanic anoxia event?
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After all, it did happen 450 million years ago.
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A drop in oxygen levels persisted for 3 million years, and 85 % of marine species vanished.
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Now, if phytoplankton were part of the vanishing marine species, the ocean's ability to remove carbon dioxide would be compromised,
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driving our climate crisis into overdrive.
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Plus, atmospheric oxygen would go down.
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Thankfully, a full -scale oceanic anoxic event would take thousands of years to develop.
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So for the moment, take a deep breath while you can.
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2. Ecological Collapse Okay, so maybe we'll still have oxygen to breathe,
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but are we on the brink of a major ecosystem collapse?
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It happened over 250 million years ago, during the Permian -Triassic period.
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Healthy ecosystems thrive on a set of balanced interactions between animals and plants, predators and prey.
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Every species has a critical role to play.
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If all the species playing a particular role within the ecosystem disappear, well, that means the first domino has fallen,
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and the collapse of our world is imminent.
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A startling loss of biodiversity, like we're witnessing today, is the beginning of the end.
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Just imagine if we lost all the bees, our best pollinators.
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We'd have to say goodbye to much of our fruit, and humans would be far less healthy.
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Yeah, robotic bees, anyone?
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Yeah, speaking of robots, well, here's the thing that's most likely to kill us all off.
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1. Killer Robots Even the deadliest effects of large -scale global warming are a few years away.
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But AI that can kill us?
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It's here.
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In a world where AI gets smarter than us, humans can be enslaved by the very intelligence we've created,
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or wiped out by one programmed to kill us.
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Yeah, we're speeding toward the dangerous point of singularity, where AI takes over human intelligence.
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Yeah, let's just hope our new robot overlords are willing to play nice.
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But if they're not, I have an idea.
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Yeah, what if, instead of humanity getting wiped out, we progressed into a hyper -advanced civilization?
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Well, that sounds like a story for another WHAT IF.
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Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon
Cette leçon d’expression orale s’appuie sur la vidéo « 12 Things That Could Destroy Earth ». Cette vidéo contient 169 phrases et 2005 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 15:54. Le locuteur parle à un rythme régulier d’environ 126 mots par minute, confortable pour le shadowing. Seuls 80 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais, le vocabulaire est donc exigeant. 29 de ses 169 phrases sont des questions : un bon entraînement pour l’intonation interrogative et les réponses courtes.
Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo
15 mots de la vidéo à retenir, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| virus nom | /ˈvaɪ.ɹəs/ | virus |
| wipe verbe | /waɪp/ | essuyer |
| humanity nom | /hjuˈmænɪti/ | humanité |
| oxygen nom | /ˈɑksɪd͡ʒən/ | oxygène |
| freeze verbe | /ˈfɹiːz/ | geler, glacer |
| goodbye | /ɡʊdˈbaɪ/ | bon vent, au revoir |
| robot nom | /ˈɹoʊ.bɑt/ | robot |
| scenario nom | /sɪˈnɛəɹioʊ/ | scénario |
| collapse verbe | /kəˈlæps/ | s'effondrer |
| zombie nom | /ˈzɑmbi/ | zombi, zombie |
| ecosystem nom | /ˈikoʊˌsɪstəm/ | écosystème |
| asteroid nom | /ˈæst(ə)ɹɔɪd/ | astéroïde |
| fungus nom | /ˈfʌŋ.ɡəs/ | fongus |
| brink nom | /ˈbɹɪŋk/ | bord, lisière |
| killer nom | /ˈkɪlɚ/ | mortel, fatal |
Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| take over verbe | reprendre | |
| wipe out verbe | anéantir | |
| break out verbe | s'échapper, s’évader | |
| check out verbe | mater, regarder | |
| end up verbe | se terminer, se finir | |
| figure out verbe | cerner | |
| get through verbe | /ɡɛt ˈθɹu/ | franchir |
| go down verbe | descendre |
Des phrases à répéter
Des phrases courtes et complètes de la vidéo, à réutiliser dans la conversation de tous les jours :
- Are we on the brink of another one?
- You think that's bad?
- Before I tell you what that is, do aliens even exist?
- Let's hope you're one of the lucky few.
- Are we in danger of an oceanic anoxia event?
La grammaire de cette vidéo
Les structures que le locuteur utilise le plus, avec les mots exacts de la vidéo :
| Structure | Dans la vidéo |
|---|---|
| Phrases conditionnelles if + proposition, will/would + verbe — une condition et son résultat | if aliens are out there, how would they |
| Present perfect have/has + participe passé — une action passée qui compte encore maintenant | has faced · has always figured · we've experienced |
| Voix passive be + participe passé — l’accent est mis sur ce qui arrive, pas sur qui le fait | was hit · would be destroyed · would be compromised |
| Propositions relatives who / which + proposition — une précision sur une personne ou une chose | cities, which are · people who died · someone who never |
Prononciation à surveiller
Le locuteur utilise 36 contractions et formes réduites, comme you're, we're, I'm. Prononcez-les sous leur forme courte, telles que vous les entendez.
- Les sons « th »: breathe /bɹiːð/, synthetic /sɪnˈθɛtɪk/, thrive /θɹajv/
- Les sons « sh » et « zh »: potentially /pəˈtɛnʃ(ə)li/, shelter /ˈʃɛltə/, explosion /ɛkˈsploʊ.ʒən/, civilization /ˌsɪv.ɪ.laɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/, eruption /ɪˈɹʌpʃən/
- Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: humanity /hjuˈmænɪti/, ecosystem /ˈikoʊˌsɪstəm/, potentially /pəˈtɛnʃ(ə)li/, civilization /ˌsɪv.ɪ.laɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/, apocalypse /əˈpɑkəlɪps/
Les sons difficiles pour les francophones :
- /h/ — il se souffle, il n’est pas muet: humanity /hjuˈmænɪti/, hungry /ˈhʌŋ.ɡɹi/, highlight /ˈhaɪˌlaɪt/, harsh /ˈhɑɹʃ/, harvest /ˈhɑɹ.vəst/
- /tʃ/ et /dʒ/ — à ne pas adoucir en « ch » et « j »: oxygen /ˈɑksɪd͡ʒən/, intelligent /ɪnˈtɛlɪd͡ʒənt/, virtually /ˈvɚ.t͡ʃə.wə.li/, biology /baɪˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/, messenger /ˈmɛs.ən.d͡ʒɚ/
- /r/ anglais — langue recourbée, sans frotter la gorge: virus /ˈvaɪ.ɹəs/, freeze /ˈfɹiːz/, robot /ˈɹoʊ.bɑt/, scenario /sɪˈnɛəɹioʊ/, asteroid /ˈæst(ə)ɹɔɪd/
Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo
- Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
- Répétez phrase par phrase à vitesse normale, en reprenant chacune jusqu’à ce que votre rythme corresponde à celui du locuteur.
- Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme virus, wipe, humanity.
Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?
Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.