Pratique du Shadowing: What If Gravity Got 1% Stronger Every Second? - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo
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258 phrases
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Earth's gravity is increasing.
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It's getting 1 % more forceful every second.
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After only 10 seconds, your head feels too heavy, and your arms and legs are sluggish.
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100 seconds later, gravity is twice as strong as normal.
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It hurts to walk.
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Buildings start buckling under the increased strain.
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Two minutes, and you're getting lightheaded.
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You're going to black out soon your heart isn't able to pump blood to your brain.
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Fifteen minutes later, everything is dead.
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And that's just the beginning.
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How long until Earth becomes a star?
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Or the biggest object in the Universe?
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And if Earth keeps growing, does the Universe eventually collapse?
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Imagine this gravity is increasing at a rate of 1 % per second,
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and only 10 seconds in, everything already feels different.
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You're 10 % heavier, and it happens so suddenly you can already feel it.
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Your phone feels oddly heavy in your hand.
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Lifting your arm feels strange.
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Walking feels like trudging through sand.
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And you can feel your heart working harder.
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It takes extra effort to breathe.
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After 30 seconds, gravity is 30 % higher than normal, or 1 .3G.
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G for gravity, 1G being normal 100 % gravity, and 1 .3 being 30 % more than normal.
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Machines weren't designed to operate here.
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Gears and elevators begin binding as their load sensors trip emergency brakes
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and cars creak and groan as their suspension is stretched to the max.
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Everyday things you take for granted start to break.
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Your car won't be undriveable just yet, but airplanes that are built to defy a single G of gravity, they're starting to have problems.
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Commercial passenger jets only use about 70 -85 % of their full power on takeoff,
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and that leaves a comfortable margin of 15 % to 30 % remaining thrust.
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But when gravity is suddenly 30 % higher, the aircraft and everything on it weigh 30 % more.
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So that extra weight eats up all the extra power the aircraft has built in.
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Now thousands of flights are taking off or landing somewhere at any given moment.
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Every aircraft landing instantly crushes its landing here.
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And every flight trying to get off the ground, as they max out their engine capacity, any big jet trying to take off in this extra gravity
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is going to speed off the end of the runway without getting off the ground.
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At 50 seconds, gravity is now 50 % higher than normal.
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You now weigh one and a half times your regular weight.
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No amount of sit -ups is going to change that.
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You can still walk, but it takes real effort.
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It's like the feeling you'd get at takeoff if any of those flights could get off the ground.
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But it's all over your body, and it's getting stronger.
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And this gravity storm is starting to affect the city around you.
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Look around.
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You'll see balconies sag and windows fracture.
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Cracks appear in foundations, and bridges creak under the extra force.
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Okay, 100 seconds now, and we're feeling a full 2G, double our current gravity.
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Now, thinking about gravity literally crushing us is terrifying, but honestly, sometimes everyday life feels like it's doing that already.
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I used to have this problem where trying to figure out my money felt like a massive crushing weight.
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I'd be sitting there juggling three different banking apps, a credit card portal and a messy spreadsheet just to see
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if i was actually saving anything it was exhausting that's where monarch comes in monarch is a personal finance platform
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that does the heavy lifting for you and what i really appreciate is
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It uses flexible budgeting, so it separates your fixed bills from your flexible everyday spending,
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so you know exactly what you can actually spend without stressing out.
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It even has AI -powered insights that can explain your money trends in plain English.
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And if you manage money with a partner, the couple's ready shared view is a total lifesaver.
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You both see the exact same dashboard, which honestly stops so many awkward money arguments before they even happen.
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So if getting a clearer picture of your own finances sounds like a weight off your shoulders, you need to try this out.
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Start your free trial and get 50 % off your first year of the Monarch core tier.
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Use the link in the description or use code WHATIF50 at checkout.
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Getting a clear view of your finances doesn't have to weigh on you like an ever -intensifying earth.
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Big thanks to Monarch for partnering with us.
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Now, speaking of heavy things, let's get back to the episode.
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Now, despite birds' agility in the air, at 2Gs, it would be impossible for most birds to take flight.
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And once they're airborne, most birds aren't designed to carry extra weight.
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Now, some big predators, like eagles, can lift 30 to 100 % of their own body weight,
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so they'd be able to stay flying longer but as gravity increases, whole flocks of birds would be dropping down to the ground,
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exhausted by their own extra weight.
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For you, as the seconds tick by and gravity inches past two Gs, even standing is getting hard.
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It feels like you're wearing a huge backpack that's crushing you.
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Your hip and knee joints are straining with the extra force of your weight.
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Walking is becoming very difficult, painful even.
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It's like slogging through stiff, wet mud.
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Now you have to move twice your normal weight with the same amount of muscle mass.
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Your joints haven't evolved to withstand these kind of continuous pressures.
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Your heart is working overtime to pump blood through your body.
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You've got brain fog.
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Not enough blood and oxygen are getting to your brain.
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But worse than that, buildings are starting to fail structurally.
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Yeah, the mega buildings fall first.
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If you're in a big city, you better run, if you still can.
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As they begin to distort, these towering walls of glass shed their exteriors,
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with windows exploding, raining shattered glass down like a deadly cloudburst.
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And between 2 and 3 Gs, most of these soaring wonders are crumbling into the streets and onto the smaller buildings below.
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You need to get out of here quick, but at this point, even driving away would be a challenge.
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As you gun your car's engine, your tires pop under the extra weight.
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The suspension system lifting your car up snaps and collapses.
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Even if the engine could handle twice the weight it was designed for, you're scraping along the ground on rapidly deforming rims.
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You'd grind to a roaring halt in the middle of the street.
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After 200 seconds, just under four minutes, gravity is now at 3G, three times what you're feeling right now.
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Every big suspension bridge on Earth is tearing itself apart.
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Their massive braided cables are unraveling and snapping.
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The energy released sends these steel whips recoiling for kilometers, cutting down everything in their path.
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Bridge decks detach and crash down.
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All around the world, at any given time, there are about 20 ,000 aircraft in the air.
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Including passengers and crew, there can be over one million people up in the sky.
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But with this much gravity exerted on everything, aircraft are so heavy that they can't fly anymore.
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They just don't have enough power to maintain the speed needed to generate the lift to keep them airborne.
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Now, if they haven't already fallen out of the air and happened to be near an airport during this gravity storm, some planes could try to land.
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But landing with over three times their normal weight would be a disaster.
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The minimum airspeed required to keep the aircraft airborne while approaching the airport will suddenly be vastly increased.
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And if they do manage to make it to the runway, they'd be coming down harder than any aircraft was ever designed to survive.
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A fully loaded Boeing 777 weighs 350 ,000 kilograms.
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Now it weighs over 1 million kilograms.
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Touching down fast and heavy, the landing gear will instantly collapse.
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The entire aircraft will shred itself on the tarmac, disintegrating on impact fact.
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If you're lucky, you're traveling by boat.
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Despite the increased gravity, boats are still floating because they float by displacement.
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The increased weight of the boat would be counteracted by the increased weight of the water they displace,
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so the two factors would cancel each other out but Everything on the boat would be heavier, and the structure would be stressed by the extra weight.
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A sailboat would still float, but the rigging would eventually become too heavy.
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The structural design would become overloaded and collapse, and waves would be heavier.
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Eventually, one simple wave would be enough to crush a hull.
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Container ships would snap in half and break apart due to the massive increase in the weight of their cargo.
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They wouldn't be able to handle the extra stress along their enormous length.
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But surviving plane crashes and collapsing, crushing infrastructure would only prolong your life by minutes.
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At around 300 seconds, gravity reaches four times normal.
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As you might imagine, your circulatory system is finely tuned to operate in one G of gravity.
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Your heart pumps about 7 ,500 liters of blood a day.
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That's five liters every minute.
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And it has to pump that blood from the heart through a 97 ,000 kilometer long network of vessels,
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spread out over a vertical rise of anywhere between one and a half meters to two meters, depending on your height.
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This system has a built -in capacity for short -term extreme situations, but at a constant 4 Gs,
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your heart no longer moves your blood properly.
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You just can't keep up.
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Your blood now moves away from your brain and your lungs and pools in your lower extremities.
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You try to fight it, but your arms and legs are useless.
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You feel like they're made of cement.
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Your heart strains and it begins to fail.
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Everything starts to get blurry.
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Your lung muscles are also stressed by the weight of your chest.
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You struggle to breathe.
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By 400 seconds, you're getting close to seven minutes now, and gravity is passing 5 Gs.
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And all along, this new gravity has been pulling on the landscape and Earth itself.
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Areas already susceptible to landslides experience more and more catastrophic slides, even with only slight increases in gravity.
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Mountains that have been quietly eroding for millions of years crack along fault lines and collapse.
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Peaks that have stood for millions of years crumble into the valleys below them.
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Glaciers pick up speed, grinding downhill, flowing faster and faster, and then break up spectacularly.
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Every peak, hill and landmass is stretched and squashed, flatter and flatter.
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On an even bigger scale, remember that Earth's continents are huge puzzle pieces of rocky material floating on a hot semi -liquid mantle.
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Well, the increased levels of gravity would be pulling these floating islands down with incredible force, driving them into the soft mantle.
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As the masses rearranged themselves, the Earth's crust would crack open, and volcanic activity would spread across the globe.
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At 900 seconds, now 15 minutes into this nightmare, gravity is 10 times normal.
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Anything with a circulatory system, every mammal and sea creature is dead.
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But even now, not all life is gone.
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There are still some single -celled bacteria and viruses surviving.
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Life at the microscopic level continues for a while.
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This is the miniscule aquatic tardigrade, the creature voted most likely to survive an apocalypse.
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These tiny and strangely cute water bears,
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as they're nicknamed, can survive punishing conditions that would kill almost every other creature.
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They can dehydrate completely and survive extreme droughts.
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They've even got special proteins that protect their cells from radiation.
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They can survive in the vacuum of space, being frozen to just above absolute zero, or literally being boiled.
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And they can also survive extreme pressures.
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In fact, tardigrades can handle pressure six times greater than the ocean's deepest trenches.
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Eventually though, the tardigrade loses its battle and is crushed alongside everything else.
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Now it might feel like the end of everything,
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but it's really only the beginning of what a 1 % per second increase in gravity will do.
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Extreme gravity isn't done with us yet.
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By the 45 -minute mark, Earth's gravity.. is now equal to the gravity on the surface of the Sun.
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It's hard to imagine the force required to crush down something as solid and unyielding as a continent.
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From space, land masses would now look like an oil slick, slowly spreading itself out over the Earth, and then disappearing.
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Every bit of material on Earth would be pulled toward the lowest point possible.
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Ocean trenches would fill in,
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whole continents break up and slide below sea level until nothing stands above a perfectly level, smooth surface.
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You see, even under tremendous gravitational pull, water is still lighter than rock, so the Earth would, for a time,
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become a smooth ball covered entirely by a shallow sea.
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And not even really that shallow there's enough water on Earth
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that this even sea spread all the way around the globe would still be between two and three kilometers deep.
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It's two miles deep.
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Now a few hours later it's a different story.
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So far Earth has been increasing its gravity by one percent every second but how?
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Well gravity can increase in two different ways.
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The size of Earth can grow increasing its mass and its gravitational force,
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or Earth can remain the same size and just its density increases.
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But density has an upper limit, so even if we replaced all of Earth with some of the heaviest known metals,
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like nickel or iron, we'd only get an Earth with double the gravity.
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So to increase Earth's gravity by more than double, there needs to be more Earth needs to expand in size.
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Just under 9 hours into this mess, Earth has reached the mass of Jupiter.
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It's not as big as Jupiter, since Jupiter is a gas giant and Earth is a much denser, rocky planet.
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At 412 ,992 seconds ,
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our bigger and heavier Earth contains the mass of more than 13 Jupiters.
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Its gravity is enormous, and the materials deep within the core are beginning to transform under incredible pressure.
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The mass threshold is crossed anywhere between 13 and 80 Jupiters.
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The heavy hydrogen inside our planet, known as deuterium, starts to fuse.
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Intense energy is released, and Earth ignites.
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We become a brown dwarf, a cool -burning celestial object.
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No longer a planet, but not yet a star.
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It takes a whopping 30 .8 days to truly shine.
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Now, Earth is 26 ,612 times as massive as it once was.
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And it's going to change radically again.
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At this size, hydrogen atoms are forced together by the pressure.
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Earth explodes with the energy of a continuous fusion reaction.
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But the gravity is so strong that it holds the power of the explosion together in a massive fireball.
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Congratulations, kid.
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You're a star.
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Impressive.
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But on a universal scale, this isn't the upper limit.
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This Earth star is still tiny.
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At this stage, it's only about 8 % the mass of the Sun, so it's not even close.
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Because the Sun is an absolute monster.
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Compared to us, it has 330 ,000 times our mass.
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It might seem like a small ball in the sky, but you could push 1 .3 million Earths inside its volume.
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Yeah, the Sun holds 99 .86 % of the mass of everything in the Solar System.
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It's going to take over a year of increasing Earth's mass
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by 1 % per second for it to get to the mass of the Sun.
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Then, in another two years, the Earth star is three times the mass of the Sun.
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It takes a minimum mass of three of our Suns to create a black hole.
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But for a living star, the pressure of the gas and heat from the constant fusion reaction keeps it from collapsing and becoming a black hole,
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even at that size, and larger.
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Active stars can be between two and three hundred times the size of the Sun and still not collapse into black holes.
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The current record holder is R136A1 at over 300 times the size of the Sun.
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It burns at 45 ,700 degrees Celsius, eight times as hot as the Sun.
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Black holes are usually formed after spectacular supernova, when a star runs out of fuel and collapses in on itself.
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Burning enormous amounts of hydrogen takes tens of millions of years.
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But our Earth star continues to increase rapidly in gravity and mass by 1 % per second.
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So it's going to reach the size of the largest star in the universe within a mere 300 years,
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which is really just a blink of an eye in the lives of stars, and long before it gets anywhere near burning out.
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Pushing the mass of a living, fully -fueled star past this limit will test the theoretical boundaries of star physics itself.
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As our Earth star gains mass, it's going to burn hotter and faster.
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As it passes the upper limits of star mass,
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it'll either explode spectacularly, or the force of gravity will overcome the force of its fusion reaction, and it'll collapse in on itself,
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creating a massive black hole.
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At this point, the most massive and possibly the brightest star in existence goes out, like a light bulb being flicked off.
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But even this isn't the end.
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Black holes also have mass.
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They vary in size and can continue growing.
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And our black hole, once known as Earth, is still growing at 1 % per second.
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But it's going to have to grow a lot to catch up to some of the bigger objects in the Universe.
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So far, it's just like a fleck of dust.
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It'll take black hole Earth, an almost incomprehensible 60 billion years of this 1 % per second growth,
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to reach the size of the biggest black hole known to science.
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TUN 618 is so big it challenges our understanding of the Universe.
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It has the mass of 60 billion suns.
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It's a two -week journey for light to cross it at the speed of light.
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It's so massive that there hasn't been enough time for something this massive and this old to have formed.
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By our understanding of the laws of physics, it shouldn't exist.
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But it does.
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But there's something even bigger.
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It's going to be another one
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and a half trillion years before black hole Earth grows to the mass of the entire Milky Way galaxy.
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And scaling up monumentally, if our black hole continued to grow at the same steady rate of 1 % per second,
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it would take 79 .6 sextillion years to reach the mass of the observable universe.
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And that's 5 .77 trillion times the current age of the universe.
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But if black hole Earth never stops growing, does the universe itself run out of time?
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If our ever -growing Earth, once a planet, then a star, and now a black hole,
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never stops growing, will it finally be defeated by the limitations of space and time itself?
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Who wins out?
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Forever increasing gravity or a forever increasing universe?
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Best guesses say no, you're never going to cause the collapse of the universe.
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You just can't grow fast enough to overcome all that space being created between you and the rest of the expanding universe.
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Now, gravity increasing 1 % per second is only one way for Earth to be obliterated.
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But there are way more ways that the Earth could be destroyed.
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And if you'd like to see which of them is most likely, click on the video on screen right now and find out
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which of these 12 things could destroy Earth because that's a story for another What If.
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Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon
Cette leçon d’expression orale s’appuie sur la vidéo « What If Gravity Got 1% Stronger Every Second? ». Les mots qui reviennent le plus souvent : gravity, earth, mass, weight, star. Cette vidéo contient 258 phrases et 3257 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 24:35. Le locuteur parle à un rythme régulier d’environ 133 mots par minute, confortable pour le shadowing. 82 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais ; le reste mérite d’être vu avant de commencer.
Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo
15 mots de la vidéo à retenir, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| gravity nom | /ˈɡɹævɪti/ | gravité |
| collapse verbe | /kəˈlæps/ | s'effondrer |
| crush verbe | /kɹʌʃ/ | écraser, écrabouiller |
| weigh verbe | /weɪ/ | peser |
| float verbe | /fləʊt/ | flotter |
| monarch nom | /ˈmɑnɚk/ | monarque |
| everyday adjectif | /ˈɛvɹiˌdeɪ/ | usuel |
| crack nom | /kɹæk/ | fissure |
| pump nom | /pʌmp/ | pompe |
| enormous adjectif | /ɪˈnɔː.məs/ | énorme |
| continent nom | /ˈkɑntɪnənt/ | continent |
| fusion nom | /ˈfjuː.ʒən/ | fusion |
| hydrogen nom | /ˈhaɪdɹəd͡ʒ(ə)n/ | hydrogène |
| airborne adjectif | aéroporté, transporté par l'air | |
| muscle nom | /ˈmʌs.əl/ | muscle |
Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez
| Mot | Sens |
|---|---|
| get off verbe | descendre, faire descendre |
| break up verbe | rompre, couper |
| come down verbe | descendre, tomber |
| cut down verbe | abattre |
| drive away verbe | repousser |
| eat up verbe | dévorer |
| figure out verbe | cerner |
| find out verbe | découvrir, savoir |
Des phrases à répéter
Des phrases courtes et complètes de la vidéo, à réutiliser dans la conversation de tous les jours :
- Two minutes, and you're getting lightheaded.
- You'll see balconies sag and windows fracture.
- If you're lucky, you're traveling by boat.
- You just can't keep up.
- You feel like they're made of cement.
La grammaire de cette vidéo
Les structures que le locuteur utilise le plus, avec les mots exacts de la vidéo :
| Structure | Dans la vidéo |
|---|---|
| Present perfect continu have/has been + -ing — une action commencée avant et toujours en cours | has been pulling · has been increasing |
| Voix passive be + participe passé — l’accent est mis sur ce qui arrive, pas sur qui le fait | weren't designed · is stretched · are built |
| Present perfect have/has + participe passé — une action passée qui compte encore maintenant | has built · haven't evolved · haven't already fallen |
Prononciation à surveiller
Le locuteur utilise 48 contractions et formes réduites, comme you're, isn't, they're. Prononcez-les sous leur forme courte, telles que vous les entendez.
- Les sons « th »: smooth /smuːð/, breathe /bɹiːð/, threshold /ˈθɹɛʃ(h)oʊld/, theoretical /ˌθi.əˈɹɛt.ɪ.kəl/
- Les sons « sh » et « zh »: crush /kɹʌʃ/, suspension /səˈspɛnʃən/, fusion /ˈfjuː.ʒən/, shallow /ˈʃæloʊ/, congratulations /kənˌɡɹæt͡ʃəˈleɪʃ(ə)nz/
- Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: continuous /kənˈtɪn.juː.əs/, universal /ˌjunəˈvɜɹs(ə)l/, infrastructure /ˈɪnfɹəˌstɹʌkt͡ʃə/, congratulations /kənˌɡɹæt͡ʃəˈleɪʃ(ə)nz/, radiation /ˌɹeɪ.diˈeɪ.ʃən/
Les sons difficiles pour les francophones :
- /h/ — il se souffle, il n’est pas muet: hydrogen /ˈhaɪdɹəd͡ʒ(ə)n/, hungry /ˈhʌŋ.ɡɹi/, holder /ˈhoʊɫdɚ/, hull /hʌl/, threshold /ˈθɹɛʃ(h)oʊld/
- /tʃ/ et /dʒ/ — à ne pas adoucir en « ch » et « j »: hydrogen /ˈhaɪdɹəd͡ʒ(ə)n/, passenger /ˈpæs.ɪn.d͡ʒɚ/, stretch /stɹɛt͡ʃ/, trench /ˈtɹɛnt͡ʃ/, infrastructure /ˈɪnfɹəˌstɹʌkt͡ʃə/
- /r/ anglais — langue recourbée, sans frotter la gorge: gravity /ˈɡɹævɪti/, crush /kɹʌʃ/, everyday /ˈɛvɹiˌdeɪ/, crack /kɹæk/, hydrogen /ˈhaɪdɹəd͡ʒ(ə)n/
Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo
- Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
- Répétez phrase par phrase à vitesse normale, en reprenant chacune jusqu’à ce que votre rythme corresponde à celui du locuteur.
- Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme gravity, collapse, crush.
Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?
Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.