ฝึกพูดภาษาอังกฤษด้วยเทคนิค Shadowing จากวิดีโอ: 12 Things That Could Destroy Earth

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169 ประโยค

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Time and again, Earth has faced scenarios pushing us to the brink of our existence.

Whether it's a giant asteroid that's slammed into us,

or an invisible virus creating a worldwide pandemic, danger is ever -present.

But despite these interferences, humanity has always figured out how to claw our way back.

But for how long?

Will one of these 12 scenarios end life on our blue marble forever?

And how likely are they to happen?

12. World War III breaks out.

Bombs, shelters, rations.

The last time we had a world war was in 1939.

Are we on the brink of another one?

With global tensions rising and battles erupting all around the world, the possibility of a world war becomes greater and greater every year.

Regardless of how things escalate, this war would be unlike anything else we've experienced.

Advanced military technologies, the fight for natural resources and nukes would all be possibilities.

The battlegrounds could be the United States, Russia, or potentially Taiwan.

So if World War III were to happen, how would you survive?

If you're not up for an armed resistance, you'd better get out of the big cities, which are often targets.

Head for rural areas, make a survival kit, and just maybe start thinking now about a move to a safe haven,

very far north or very far south.

Will it be Greenland, New Zealand, or Antarctica?

Of course, all this is assuming a world war with conventional weapons, but what if there's something much worse?

But before we get to that, let me show you something that the What If team has been using these days,

something we're super excited to tell you about.

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With just a few clicks, you can highlight any text online, and ARIA will give you more information on the subject.

I use it all the time when I'm trying to get through more complex science articles.

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Say goodbye to 480p.

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It's totally free, and it's the best way to explore the internet.

11. An all -out nuclear apocalypse.

A regional nuclear war would kill millions, but it wouldn't end the world.

Pull a couple of heavy hitters into the ring, like the US and Russia, and all bets are off.

A 300 kiloton bomb explosion will vaporize anything, people included.

But this is just a start.

If multiple nukes went off, every explosion would create a giant fireball as hot as the Sun's core.

You think that's bad?

It gets worse.

The dense black carbon smoke would spread across the Northern Hemisphere, freezing the Earth and causing a nuclear winter for up to 10 years.

99 % of the population of the US, Europe, Russia and China could starve to death.

Assuming you survive the blast, seek shelter immediately.

For the week or two after, you'll want to hunker down indoors to avoid radioactive fallout.

Hiding inside the thickest concrete or underground might protect you from the radiation, but how would you escape the harsh nuclear winter?

New Zealand, anyone?

If human beings don't end up killing each other on Earth, well, there could be another thing that does.

Yeah, I'm talking about aliens, and not because they want to enslave us, like we see in the movies.

What if it's because they're hungry for that one thing that even we can't get enough of?

Before I tell you what that is, do aliens even exist?

Well, the Drake Equation estimates

that there's a 53 to 99 percent a 0 .6 % chance that we're the only intelligent life in the Milky Way.

So if aliens are out there, how would they even get to Earth?

Maybe they'd use a futuristic spacecraft, or travel via wormhole.

And maybe they'd pop by because they're hungry. For energy.

A Type II alien civilization could potentially have a Dyson Sphere, a ball that orbits their planet,

harvesting solar energy, and looking for new sources.

Like our Sun?

Yikes.

And if our Sun goes, you can say goodbye to virtually all life on Earth, humans would freeze to death, our crops would cease to exist,

and our once -blue marble would become a barren wasteland.

OK, maybe a little unrealistic let's move on to something a little more likely.

A truly massive 96 km wide asteroid would finish us all off.

Shrink it down to 12 km wide, and it might leave a few of us standing.

It would still be horrific.

The site of the impact would get very, very hot.

tsunamis would rise from the oceans, billions of us would die.

The impact would spawn an enormous dust plume engulfing the globe.

It would block out the Sun, and a deep freeze would set in for thousands, even millions of years.

Now, chances are small, but if it happens, what should you do?

Well, scientists tell us an underground bunker would be the best option.

Now, if you can't swing that, well, at least stay away from the impact zone and clear of coastal areas with tsunamis.

But sooner or later, you're going to freeze to death.

Or things could get really, really hot.

Just like a super -large asteroid could take us out, so could a supervolcano.

200 million years ago, Earth was hit by a supervolcano, which wiped out 75 % of the species on Earth.

It was so strong it ripped apart

North America from Africa and plonked the Atlantic Ocean bang in the middle.

And did it stop with just one massive eruption?

Yeah, sorry, that's a no. For 600 ,000 years, the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province,

or camp, erupted again and again.

Lava covered everything.

Volcanic ash rained down.

But you won't believe the thing that got us.

It was pollution.

CO2 and carbon levels skyrocketed, causing sweeping environmental destruction.

So is there a massive eruption waiting to happen today?

Well, below the surface of Yellowstone Park sits a giant caldera.

We don't think it'll erupt anytime soon, but in the distant future, it might.

If it does erupt, well, expect a repeat of what happened 200 million years ago.

Luckily, geologists are monitoring

Earth for seismic activity.

But can anyone save us from a zombie apocalypse?

The Cordyceps fungus creates zombified ants, growing around their brains and taking over their nervous system.

100

Could this jump over to humans and create a bona fide human zombie?

101

Well, scientists suggest that our body temperature is simply too high for the fungus to survive.

102

But what if this fungus somehow did take over our systems?

103

Big cities like

104

New York, London and Hong Kong would be the first major targets of an event like this.

105

And due to the cordyceps spreading via spores, it would be incredibly difficult to avoid getting infected.

106

The zombies would slowly take over major metropolitan areas.

107

If you live in more rural areas of the world, you'd likely be safe. For now.

108

Yeah, that's right, another pandemic.

109

If you're watching this, you were lucky enough to survive the COVID -19 pandemic.

110

But will you survive the next one?

111

Our world is changing, and for the worse.

112

In the next few decades, the probability of a novel disease outbreak will grow three times due to population growth,

113

changes in our food systems, and closer contact between humans and animals.

114

Scientists predict another pandemic will hit us within the next 59 years.

115

And a new virus could be a more dangerous killer.

116

It might mutate faster, or we might not make a vaccine for it as quickly as we did with COVID.

117

Instead of 7 million people who died from the virus, it could be tens of millions.

118

During the COVID pandemic, a bit of bioengineering went a long way in creating mRNA vaccines that saved our lives.

119

But can the same synthetic biology that saved our lives kill us off too?

120

In a secret lab somewhere, could someone create a virus or superbacteria that will wipe out the human race?

121

Imagine a super virus that spreads silently.

122

It leaves its victims asymptomatic for weeks, only to turn deadly after that prolonged gestation.

123

Due to how much the world travels and how much smaller everything has become, the virus can spread more quickly and reach more people.

124

Now that is something that could wipe out humanity.

125

Unless you're just someone who never sees people, then maybe you'll be safe.

126

But if the virus doesn't get you, I bet the next apocalyptic scenario will.

127

Well, it doesn't sound like a huge deal,

128

but a 4 degrees Celsius rise in temperature would destroy life on Earth as we know it.

129

Sea levels would rise by a half meter to a full meter, and maybe even more by the year 2100.

130

Cities like New York, London, and Venice would see extreme flooding.

131

Food production would go haywire.

132

We'd see heat waves in the tropics and frequent high -intensity tropical cyclones.

133

Our coral reefs would be destroyed.

134

And that's not the end.

135

The water would keep rising in the coming centuries.

136

In a world like this, humanity might not go extinct, but Earth would only be able to support just one billion people.

137

Let's hope you're one of the lucky few.

138

OK, that sounds bad, but what happens if it suddenly gets harder to breathe?

139

3. Oceanic anoxia Ocean oxygen concentrations are declining today.

140

Are we in danger of an oceanic anoxia event?

141

After all, it did happen 450 million years ago.

142

A drop in oxygen levels persisted for 3 million years, and 85 % of marine species vanished.

143

Now, if phytoplankton were part of the vanishing marine species, the ocean's ability to remove carbon dioxide would be compromised,

144

driving our climate crisis into overdrive.

145

Plus, atmospheric oxygen would go down.

146

Thankfully, a full -scale oceanic anoxic event would take thousands of years to develop.

147

So for the moment, take a deep breath while you can.

148

2. Ecological Collapse Okay, so maybe we'll still have oxygen to breathe,

149

but are we on the brink of a major ecosystem collapse?

150

It happened over 250 million years ago, during the Permian -Triassic period.

151

Healthy ecosystems thrive on a set of balanced interactions between animals and plants, predators and prey.

152

Every species has a critical role to play.

153

If all the species playing a particular role within the ecosystem disappear, well, that means the first domino has fallen,

154

and the collapse of our world is imminent.

155

A startling loss of biodiversity, like we're witnessing today, is the beginning of the end.

156

Just imagine if we lost all the bees, our best pollinators.

157

We'd have to say goodbye to much of our fruit, and humans would be far less healthy.

158

Yeah, robotic bees, anyone?

159

Yeah, speaking of robots, well, here's the thing that's most likely to kill us all off.

160

1. Killer Robots Even the deadliest effects of large -scale global warming are a few years away.

161

But AI that can kill us?

162

It's here.

163

In a world where AI gets smarter than us, humans can be enslaved by the very intelligence we've created,

164

or wiped out by one programmed to kill us.

165

Yeah, we're speeding toward the dangerous point of singularity, where AI takes over human intelligence.

166

Yeah, let's just hope our new robot overlords are willing to play nice.

167

But if they're not, I have an idea.

168

Yeah, what if, instead of humanity getting wiped out, we progressed into a hyper -advanced civilization?

169

Well, that sounds like a story for another WHAT IF.

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คำศัพท์และข้อสังเกตด้านการพูดสำหรับบทเรียนนี้

บทเรียนฝึกพูดนี้ใช้วิดีโอ “12 Things That Could Destroy Earth” เป็นสื่อ วิดีโอนี้มี 169 ประโยค และ 2005 คำ สำหรับฝึกพูดตาม ช่วงที่มีเสียงพูดยาว 15:54 ผู้พูดพูดด้วยความเร็วสม่ำเสมอ ประมาณ 126 คำต่อนาที เหมาะกับการฝึกพูดตาม มีเพียง 80% ของคำที่อยู่ใน 3,000 คำที่ใช้บ่อยที่สุดในภาษาอังกฤษ คำศัพท์จึงค่อนข้างยาก จากทั้งหมด 169 ประโยค มี 29 ประโยคเป็นคำถาม จึงเหมาะสำหรับฝึกน้ำเสียงประโยคคำถามและการตอบสั้น ๆ

คำศัพท์สำคัญในวิดีโอนี้

คำที่ควรเรียนรู้ 15 คำจากวิดีโอ พร้อมคำอ่านและความหมาย:

คำศัพท์	คำอ่าน	ความหมาย
virus คำนาม	/ˈvaɪ.ɹəs/	เชื้อ, ไวรัส
wipe คำกริยา	/waɪp/	เช็ด
humanity คำนาม	/hjuˈmænɪti/	มนุษยชาติ
oxygen คำนาม	/ˈɑksɪd͡ʒən/	ออกซิเจน
freeze คำกริยา	/ˈfɹiːz/	แข็ง
goodbye	/ɡʊdˈbaɪ/	สวัสดี, ลาก่อน
robot คำนาม	/ˈɹoʊ.bɑt/	หุ่นยนต์, โรบอต
scenario คำนาม	/sɪˈnɛəɹioʊ/	ฉากทัศน์
collapse คำกริยา	/kəˈlæps/	พัง, ถล่ม
zombie คำนาม	/ˈzɑmbi/	ผีดิบ, ซอมบี
ecosystem คำนาม	/ˈikoʊˌsɪstəm/	ระบบนิเวศ
asteroid คำนาม	/ˈæst(ə)ɹɔɪd/	ดาวเคราะห์น้อย
fungus คำนาม	/ˈfʌŋ.ɡəs/	เห็ดรา
killer คำนาม	/ˈkɪlɚ/	ฆาตกร
hungry คำคุณศัพท์	/ˈhʌŋ.ɡɹi/	หิว, ท้องเลว

กริยาวลีที่คุณจะได้ยิน

คำศัพท์	ความหมาย
break out คำกริยา	แหก

ประโยคที่ควรฝึกพูดซ้ำ

ประโยคสั้น ๆ ที่สมบูรณ์จากวิดีโอ ซึ่งนำไปใช้ในบทสนทนาประจำวันได้:

Are we on the brink of another one?
You think that's bad?
Before I tell you what that is, do aliens even exist?
Let's hope you're one of the lucky few.
Are we in danger of an oceanic anoxia event?

ไวยากรณ์ในวิดีโอนี้

โครงสร้างที่ผู้พูดใช้บ่อยที่สุด พร้อมคำพูดจริงจากวิดีโอ:

โครงสร้าง	ในวิดีโอ
ประโยคเงื่อนไข if + อนุประโยค, will/would + กริยา — เงื่อนไขและผลลัพธ์	if aliens are out there, how would they
Present perfect have/has + กริยาช่อง 3 — เหตุการณ์ในอดีตที่ยังเกี่ยวข้องกับปัจจุบัน	has faced · has always figured · we've experienced
Passive voice be + กริยาช่อง 3 — เน้นสิ่งที่เกิดขึ้น ไม่ใช่ผู้กระทำ	was hit · would be destroyed · would be compromised
Relative clauses who / which + อนุประโยค — ข้อมูลเพิ่มเติมเกี่ยวกับคนหรือสิ่งของ	cities, which are · people who died · someone who never

การออกเสียงที่ควรระวัง

ผู้พูดใช้รูปย่อและรูปลดเสียง 36 ครั้ง เช่น you're, we're, I'm ให้พูดแบบสั้นตามที่ได้ยิน

เสียง “th”: breathe /bɹiːð/, synthetic /sɪnˈθɛtɪk/, thrive /θɹajv/
เสียง “sh” และ “zh”: potentially /pəˈtɛnʃ(ə)li/, shelter /ˈʃɛltə/, explosion /ɛkˈsploʊ.ʒən/, civilization /ˌsɪv.ɪ.laɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/, eruption /ɪˈɹʌpʃən/
คำยาว — ลงเสียงหนักให้ถูกพยางค์: humanity /hjuˈmænɪti/, ecosystem /ˈikoʊˌsɪstəm/, potentially /pəˈtɛnʃ(ə)li/, civilization /ˌsɪv.ɪ.laɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/, apocalypse /əˈpɑkəlɪps/

เสียงที่คนไทยมักออกเสียงยาก:

เสียงท้ายคำ — ออกเสียงให้ครบ ไม่เปลี่ยนเป็นตัวสะกดแบบไทย: virus /ˈvaɪ.ɹəs/, freeze /ˈfɹiːz/, collapse /kəˈlæps/, fungus /ˈfʌŋ.ɡəs/, marble /ˈmɑɹ.bəl/
/v/ — ไม่ใช่ /w/ ให้ฟันบนแตะริมฝีปากล่าง: virus /ˈvaɪ.ɹəs/, civilization /ˌsɪv.ɪ.laɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/, vaccine /vækˈsin/, survival /sɚˈvaɪ.vəl/, virtually /ˈvɚ.t͡ʃə.wə.li/
/z/ — เสียงก้อง ไม่ใช่ /s/: freeze /ˈfɹiːz/, zombie /ˈzɑmbi/, civilization /ˌsɪv.ɪ.laɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/, browser /ˈbɹaʊ.zəɹ/, compromise /ˈkɑmpɹəˌmaɪz/

วิธีฝึกกับวิดีโอนี้

ฟังวิดีโอให้จบหนึ่งรอบโดยยังไม่ต้องพูด แล้วจดคำที่ยังไม่รู้จัก
พูดตามทีละประโยคด้วยความเร็วปกติ ทำซ้ำแต่ละประโยคจนจังหวะของคุณตรงกับผู้พูด
อัดเสียงตัวเองแล้วเทียบกับต้นฉบับ โดยสังเกตคำอย่าง virus, wipe, humanity เป็นพิเศษ

เทคนิค Shadowing คืออะไร?

Shadowing เป็นเทคนิคการเรียนรู้ภาษาที่ได้รับการรับรองทางวิทยาศาสตร์ พัฒนาขึ้นสำหรับการฝึกนักแปลมืออาชีพ วิธีการนี้เรียบง่ายแต่ทรงพลัง: คุณฟังเสียงภาษาอังกฤษจากเจ้าของภาษาและพูดตามทันที — เหมือนเงาที่ตามผู้พูดด้วยช่วงเวลาห่าง 1-2 วินาที การวิจัยแสดงว่าเทคนิคนี้ปรับปรุงความแม่นยำในการออกเสียง ทำนองเสียง จังหวะ การเชื่อมเสียง การฟังเข้าใจ และความคล่องแคล่วในการพูดได้อย่างมีนัยสำคัญ

เทคนิค shadowing: อ่านคู่มือฉบับเต็มทีละขั้นตอน →

ฝึกพูดภาษาอังกฤษด้วยเทคนิค Shadowing จากวิดีโอ: 12 Things That Could Destroy Earth

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คำศัพท์และข้อสังเกตด้านการพูดสำหรับบทเรียนนี้

คำศัพท์สำคัญในวิดีโอนี้

กริยาวลีที่คุณจะได้ยิน

ประโยคที่ควรฝึกพูดซ้ำ

ไวยากรณ์ในวิดีโอนี้

การออกเสียงที่ควรระวัง

วิธีฝึกกับวิดีโอนี้

เทคนิค Shadowing คืออะไร?