Pratique du Shadowing: What If We Built Vertical Farms? - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo
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As our population grows, we're going to need a lot more farms to feed the planet.
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Yet, in a lot of places, farming is almost impossible.
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And much of the land we can use for farming is disappearing.
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With so many farms on land,
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could we build farms vertically to save space?
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Maybe it's time to grow up.
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The United States has 10% of the world's farmland,
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but between the years of 1992 and 2012,
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Over 12 million hectares of it was gobbled up due to development.
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That's 70 hectares per hour.
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As populations grow, this is happening in other countries around the world too.
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So where can we grow food?
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People have built farms all over our planet,
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in the most unlikely places.
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We've grown food in arid deserts and on the sides of mountains,
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and used greenhouses to extend growing seasons.
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But what about in a plant scraper?
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A Swedish company called Plantagon is working on one right now.
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The $40 million World Food Building in Sweden is set to open in 2020.
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The company calls this process agritektur.
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Alright.
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So why should we farm vertically?
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well, we'd save a lot of space and water.
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In fact, vertical farming saves 80-95% of the water used in traditional outdoor farming by using computer-controlled mist and slow drip systems.
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Vertical farming also means we wouldn't need expensive combines and tractors.
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Cities would have fresher veggies,
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and we wouldn't need to send trucks great distances to transport food.
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This would cut pollution too.
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So how exactly could we build a vertical farm?
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Using the power of AI,
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companies such as Belgium's Urban Crop Solutions are creating climate-controlled vertical farms up to 24 levels high.
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Farmers can grow anywhere from 75,000 to 91.5 million crops per year indoors.
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The company also sells indoor vertical farming kits for 12-meter shipping containers.
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These kits offer 4 to 6 levels,
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which can grow up to 54,000 crops per year.
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With the ability to control the lighting,
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moisture levels, and nutrients for each type of crop by using computers,
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plants grow much faster in a vertical farm.
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Plus, vertical farms don't require pesticides,
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since they're contained indoors and are high up off the ground where many insects thrive.
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The majority of crops grown in vertical farms include leafy green vegetables like kale,
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bok choy, watercress, arugula, lettuce,
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mizuna, mustard greens, collard greens,
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basil, mint, chard, and chives.
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That's almost everything you'd need for a power smoothie.
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Companies have started building vertical farms in existing urban spaces,
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such as abandoned warehouses and factories.
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The vertical farms can turn cities' excess heat and waste into vital assets for local food production.
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In China, entire districts are devoted to agriculture and vertical farming.
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With a rapidly growing population,
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less and less land has become available.
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And pollution is a big problem for traditional farms.
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In this case, growing vertically has become a necessity.
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Vertical farms have proven to be invaluable after natural disasters,
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such as the destruction of the nuclear power plant at Fukushima in Japan in 2011.
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Since land near the reactor was not safe for growing crops,
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consumers were happy to have their lettuce grown indoors.
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Five years later, there were more than 190 vertical farms in Japan.
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One company says it grows 21,000 heads of lettuce per day.
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That's a lot of salad.
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Many countries in the Middle East import almost 80% of their food due to their arid climate and landscape.
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Vertical farms could drastically improve this situation and would also create more jobs in the area.
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Tech companies like Google, Amazon,
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and Asia Pacific are already investing in vertical farming and automated agriculture.
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Soon we'll start seeing vertical farms in many more urban areas.
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These will help to bring communities together and provide safe access to nutritious food.
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But in order for vertical farms to succeed,
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they'll need the backing of consumers.
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Some people argue that this kind of farm is too unnatural or expensive,
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while others like the idea of fresh food produced closer to home.
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What do you think?
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Let us know in the comments below.
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In the near future, we may need to make vertical farming an even bigger priority,
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especially if we run out of oil.
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But that's a story for another WHAT IF.
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Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon
Cette leçon d’expression orale de niveau B2 s’appuie sur la vidéo « What If We Built Vertical Farms? ». Les mots qui reviennent le plus souvent : farm, vertical, farming, grow, crop. Cette vidéo contient 75 phrases et 698 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 5:48. Le locuteur parle à un rythme régulier d’environ 120 mots par minute, confortable pour le shadowing. Seuls 76 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais, le vocabulaire est donc exigeant.
Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo
Les 15 mots les plus avancés de la vidéo, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| vertical adjectif | /ˈvɝ.tɪ.kəl/ | vertical |
| crop nom | /kɹɑp/ | récolte |
| vertically adverbe | /ˈvɝ.tɪ.kəli/ | verticalement |
| lettuce nom | /ˈlɛt.ɪs/ | laitue |
| indoors adverbe | /ɪnˈdɔɹz/ | à l'intérieur, dedans |
| arid adjectif | /ˈæɹɪd/ | aride |
| hectare nom | /ˈhɛk.tɛɹ/ | hectare |
| pollution nom | /pəˈluʃən/ | pollution |
| arugula nom | /əˈɹuɡələ/ | roquette |
| automate verbe | /ˈɔ.təˌmeɪt/ | automatiser |
| collard nom | /ˈkɒlɑː(ɹ)d/ | chou cavalier |
| farmland nom | /ˈfɑːɹmlænd/ | terres agricoles |
| nutritious adjectif | /nuːˈtɹɪʃəs/ | nutritif |
| pesticide nom | /ˈpɛstɪsaɪd/ | pesticide |
| scraper nom | /ˈskɹeɪpɚ/ | grattoir, racloir |
Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez
| Mot | Sens |
|---|---|
| grow up verbe | grandir |
La grammaire de cette vidéo
Les structures que le locuteur utilise le plus, avec les mots exacts de la vidéo :
| Structure | Dans la vidéo |
|---|---|
| Present perfect have/has + participe passé — une action passée qui compte encore maintenant | have built · We've grown · have started |
| Voix passive be + participe passé — l’accent est mis sur ce qui arrive, pas sur qui le fait | was gobbled · is set · are devoted |
Prononciation à surveiller
Le locuteur utilise 10 contractions et formes réduites, comme wouldn't, don't, they'll. Prononcez-les sous leur forme courte, telles que vous les entendez.
- Les sons « th »: smoothie /ˈsmuːði/, thrive /θɹajv/
- Les sons « sh » et « zh »: pollution /pəˈluʃən/, nutritious /nuːˈtɹɪʃəs/
- Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: vertically /ˈvɝ.tɪ.kəli/, arugula /əˈɹuɡələ/, invaluable /ɪnˈvælju(ə)bl̩/, necessity /nɪˈsɛsəti/
Les sons difficiles pour les francophones :
- /h/ — il se souffle, il n’est pas muet: hectare /ˈhɛk.tɛɹ/, greenhouse /ˈɡɹːnˌ(h)aʊs/, warehouse /ˈwɛə(ɹ)haʊs/
- /tʃ/ et /dʒ/ — à ne pas adoucir en « ch » et « j »: veggie /ˈvɛd͡ʒi/, moisture /ˈmɔɪs.t͡ʃɚ/, vegetable /ˈvɛd͡ʒ.tə.bəl/
- /r/ anglais — langue recourbée, sans frotter la gorge: crop /kɹɑp/, indoors /ɪnˈdɔɹz/, arid /ˈæɹɪd/, hectare /ˈhɛk.tɛɹ/, arugula /əˈɹuɡələ/
Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo
- Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
- Répétez phrase par phrase à vitesse normale, en reprenant chacune jusqu’à ce que votre rythme corresponde à celui du locuteur.
- Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme vertical, crop, vertically.
Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?
Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.