Shadowing Practice: What If We Built Vertical Farms? - Learn English Speaking with Video
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As our population grows, we're going to need a lot more farms to feed the planet.
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Yet, in a lot of places, farming is almost impossible.
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And much of the land we can use for farming is disappearing.
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With so many farms on land,
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could we build farms vertically to save space?
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Maybe it's time to grow up.
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The United States has 10% of the world's farmland,
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but between the years of 1992 and 2012,
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Over 12 million hectares of it was gobbled up due to development.
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That's 70 hectares per hour.
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As populations grow, this is happening in other countries around the world too.
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So where can we grow food?
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People have built farms all over our planet,
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in the most unlikely places.
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We've grown food in arid deserts and on the sides of mountains,
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and used greenhouses to extend growing seasons.
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But what about in a plant scraper?
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A Swedish company called Plantagon is working on one right now.
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The $40 million World Food Building in Sweden is set to open in 2020.
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The company calls this process agritektur.
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Alright.
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So why should we farm vertically?
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well, we'd save a lot of space and water.
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In fact, vertical farming saves 80-95% of the water used in traditional outdoor farming by using computer-controlled mist and slow drip systems.
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Vertical farming also means we wouldn't need expensive combines and tractors.
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Cities would have fresher veggies,
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and we wouldn't need to send trucks great distances to transport food.
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This would cut pollution too.
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So how exactly could we build a vertical farm?
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Using the power of AI,
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companies such as Belgium's Urban Crop Solutions are creating climate-controlled vertical farms up to 24 levels high.
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Farmers can grow anywhere from 75,000 to 91.5 million crops per year indoors.
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The company also sells indoor vertical farming kits for 12-meter shipping containers.
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These kits offer 4 to 6 levels,
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which can grow up to 54,000 crops per year.
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With the ability to control the lighting,
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moisture levels, and nutrients for each type of crop by using computers,
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plants grow much faster in a vertical farm.
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Plus, vertical farms don't require pesticides,
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since they're contained indoors and are high up off the ground where many insects thrive.
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The majority of crops grown in vertical farms include leafy green vegetables like kale,
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bok choy, watercress, arugula, lettuce,
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mizuna, mustard greens, collard greens,
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basil, mint, chard, and chives.
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That's almost everything you'd need for a power smoothie.
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Companies have started building vertical farms in existing urban spaces,
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such as abandoned warehouses and factories.
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The vertical farms can turn cities' excess heat and waste into vital assets for local food production.
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In China, entire districts are devoted to agriculture and vertical farming.
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With a rapidly growing population,
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less and less land has become available.
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And pollution is a big problem for traditional farms.
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In this case, growing vertically has become a necessity.
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Vertical farms have proven to be invaluable after natural disasters,
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such as the destruction of the nuclear power plant at Fukushima in Japan in 2011.
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Since land near the reactor was not safe for growing crops,
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consumers were happy to have their lettuce grown indoors.
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Five years later, there were more than 190 vertical farms in Japan.
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One company says it grows 21,000 heads of lettuce per day.
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That's a lot of salad.
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Many countries in the Middle East import almost 80% of their food due to their arid climate and landscape.
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Vertical farms could drastically improve this situation and would also create more jobs in the area.
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Tech companies like Google, Amazon,
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and Asia Pacific are already investing in vertical farming and automated agriculture.
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Soon we'll start seeing vertical farms in many more urban areas.
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These will help to bring communities together and provide safe access to nutritious food.
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But in order for vertical farms to succeed,
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they'll need the backing of consumers.
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Some people argue that this kind of farm is too unnatural or expensive,
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while others like the idea of fresh food produced closer to home.
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What do you think?
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Let us know in the comments below.
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In the near future, we may need to make vertical farming an even bigger priority,
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especially if we run out of oil.
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But that's a story for another WHAT IF.
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Vocabulario y notas de pronunciación para esta lección
Esta lección de conversación de nivel B2 se basa en el vídeo “What If We Built Vertical Farms?”. Las palabras que más se repiten: farm, vertical, farming, grow, crop. Este vídeo tiene 75 frases y 698 palabras para practicar shadowing. La parte hablada dura 5:48. El hablante mantiene un ritmo constante de unas 120 palabras por minuto, cómodo para el shadowing. Solo el 76 % de las palabras está entre las 3.000 más comunes del inglés, por lo que el vocabulario es exigente.
Vocabulario clave de este vídeo
Las 15 palabras más avanzadas del vídeo, con su pronunciación y significado:
| Palabra | Pronunciación | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| vertical adjetivo | /ˈvɝ.tɪ.kəl/ | vertical |
| crop sustantivo | /kɹɑp/ | cultivo |
| vertically adverbio | /ˈvɝ.tɪ.kəli/ | verticalmente |
| lettuce sustantivo | /ˈlɛt.ɪs/ | lechuga |
| indoors adverbio | /ɪnˈdɔɹz/ | dentro |
| arid adjetivo | /ˈæɹɪd/ | árido |
| hectare sustantivo | /ˈhɛk.tɛɹ/ | hectárea |
| pollution sustantivo | /pəˈluʃən/ | polución, contaminación |
| arugula sustantivo | /əˈɹuɡələ/ | rúcula, oruga |
| automate verbo | /ˈɔ.təˌmeɪt/ | automatizar |
| collard sustantivo | /ˈkɒlɑː(ɹ)d/ | col forrajera, berza abierta |
| farmland sustantivo | /ˈfɑːɹmlænd/ | chacra, chácara |
| nutritious adjetivo | /nuːˈtɹɪʃəs/ | nutritivo, nutriente |
| pesticide sustantivo | /ˈpɛstɪsaɪd/ | pesticida, plaguicida |
| scraper sustantivo | /ˈskɹeɪpɚ/ | raspador, rascador |
Phrasal verbs que vas a escuchar
| Palabra | Significado |
|---|---|
| grow up verbo | crecer |
Gramática en este vídeo
Las estructuras que más usa el hablante, con las palabras exactas del vídeo:
| Estructura | En el vídeo |
|---|---|
| Present perfect have/has + participio pasado — una acción pasada que sigue importando ahora | have built · We've grown · have started |
| Voz pasiva be + participio pasado — importa lo que ocurre, no quién lo hace | was gobbled · is set · are devoted |
Pronunciación a tener en cuenta
El hablante usa 10 contracciones y formas reducidas, como wouldn't, don't, they'll. Dilas en su forma corta, tal como las oyes.
- Los sonidos de “th”: smoothie /ˈsmuːði/, thrive /θɹajv/
- Los sonidos de “sh” y “zh”: pollution /pəˈluʃən/, nutritious /nuːˈtɹɪʃəs/
- Palabras largas — cuida el acento: vertically /ˈvɝ.tɪ.kəli/, arugula /əˈɹuɡələ/, invaluable /ɪnˈvælju(ə)bl̩/, necessity /nɪˈsɛsəti/
Sonidos difíciles para hispanohablantes:
- s + consonante al inicio — sin añadir una “e” delante: scraper /ˈskɹeɪpɚ/, smoothie /ˈsmuːði/
- /v/ — no es /b/: los dientes tocan el labio inferior: vertical /ˈvɝ.tɪ.kəl/, vertically /ˈvɝ.tɪ.kəli/, veggie /ˈvɛd͡ʒi/, devote /dɪˈvəʊt/, invaluable /ɪnˈvælju(ə)bl̩/
- /z/ — sonora, no /s/: indoors /ɪnˈdɔɹz/, basil /ˈbæz.əl/
Cómo practicar con este vídeo
- Escucha el vídeo entero una vez sin hablar y anota las palabras que no conoces.
- Haz shadowing frase por frase a velocidad normal, repitiendo cada una hasta que tu ritmo coincida con el del hablante.
- Grábate y compara con el original, prestando atención a palabras como vertical, crop, vertically.
¿Qué es la Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing es una técnica de aprendizaje de idiomas respaldada por la ciencia, desarrollada originalmente para la formación de intérpretes profesionales y popularizada por el políglota Dr. Alexander Arguelles. El método es simple pero poderoso: escuchas audio en inglés nativo y lo repites en voz alta de inmediato, como una sombra que sigue al hablante con solo 1-2 segundos de retraso. A diferencia de la escucha pasiva o los ejercicios de gramática, el shadowing obliga a tu cerebro y músculos de la boca a procesar y reproducir simultáneamente patrones de habla reales. Las investigaciones muestran que mejora significativamente la precisión de la pronunciación, la entonación, el ritmo, el habla conectada, la comprensión auditiva y la fluidez al hablar, convirtiéndola en una de las metodologías más efectivas para la preparación del IELTS Speaking y la comunicación en inglés en el mundo real.