Pratique du Shadowing: Why Europe Doesn't Build Skyscrapers - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo
Choisissez un mode d'entraînement
Chaque mode ouvre une salle d'entraînement en plein écran.
76 phrases
Si les phrases sont trop courtes ou trop longues, cliquez sur Edit pour les ajuster.
1
Why aren't there many skyscrapers in Europe?
2
Despite being one of the most developed,
3
densely populated and economically prosperous continents,
4
Europe has surprisingly few skyscrapers,
5
particularly when compared to Asia and North America.
6
Of the 218 skyscrapers constructed on the continent to date,
7
66% of them are located in just five cities cities – London,
8
Paris, Frankfurt, Moscow and Istanbul.
9
So why have other major European cities not embraced the skyscraper?
10
How do they thrive without the significant inner urban space and floor areas that these clever structures provide?
11
And is everything about to change in our increasingly urbanised world?
12
When skyscrapers first rose to prominence in the 19th century,
13
first in Chicago and later in New York,
14
many European cities were already firmly established,
15
with grand historic buildings and public spaces that left little room for large new structures.
16
Most of Europe's cities around that time were also more evenly zoned
17
and were not facing the high demand for floor space in key districts that typically drives high-rise development.
18
Additionally, as the power and influence of North America began to grow,
19
a cultural rivalry emerged between Americans who saw Europe's class system as outdated
20
and Europeans who saw some American ideals as eroding traditions and the European way of life.
21
As a result, each continent became wary of adopting the other's concepts.
22
While North America aimed to become the model for a new age,
23
Europe sought to preserve its heritage.
24
While this explains why skyscraper construction didn't initially catch on in Europe,
25
it doesn't explain what has held the continent back since.
26
In the wake of the Second World War,
27
many thought European cities would modernise and replicate the skyscrapers that were rising across North America.
28
However, in Western Europe, where many cities lost landmark and historic structures,
29
an overwhelming desire to restore what had been destroyed took hold.
30
In addition, the lower population of Europe at that time meant
31
that the demand for floor area that principally drives skyscraper construction wasn't there.
32
As a result, modest structures replaced buildings that could not be saved or restored.
33
Meanwhile in Eastern Europe, the expanding Soviet Union's rebuild effort consisted largely of mid-rise repetitive structures
34
that sought to rehouse much of the population.
35
It was during this time that Europe saw its first skyscrapers begin to rise,
36
not in response to growth and prosperity,
37
but in an effort by the Soviets to indicate their power and influence.
38
While Brussels has never constructed a true skyscraper,
39
it is partly responsible for the lack of skyscrapers across the continent.
40
Without any significant zoning regulations in place,
41
the 1960s saw many buildings in the city demolished to make way for large,
42
modern structures that had little regard for architectural or cultural value.
43
Recognising the damage this indiscriminate redevelopment was doing to the city,
44
many prominent figures and architects coined the term brussellisation and lobbied to introduce new planning laws.
45
These regulations significantly limited the scale of new buildings and required historic facades to be restored and incorporated into new developments,
46
preserving the cultural fabric of the city.
47
The row in Brussels led to a general dislike for modern buildings across Europe,
48
with many seeing them as bland or soulless.
49
In response, numerous cities adopted similar regulations
50
and set aside controlled districts like Paris' La Défense to keep high-rise development away from historic centres.
51
By the start of the 21st century,
52
attitudes around tall buildings were softening across the continent as architectural
53
trends moved away from box-like structures towards more unique designs and as the world became increasingly globalised.
54
Since the early 2000s, major financial centres like London,
55
Paris, Moscow, Istanbul and Frankfurt have seen several skyscrapers rise,
56
as demand for commercial space in their centres has increased.
57
By contrast, smaller European cities
58
that have been experiencing more modest growth have turned their focus to the environment and improving living standards for citizens.
59
In recent years, urban areas in Scandinavia and Central Europe have consistently ranked among the highest in the world for sustainability,
60
happiness and wellbeing, while maintaining importance within their national economies.
61
However, skyscraper construction in the cities of today is no longer driven purely by economic growth
62
or the need for commercial office space.
63
With 60% of the global human population set to be living in urban areas by 2030,
64
residential skyscrapers are now rising in prominence,
65
particularly across Asia and North America.
66
As many traditional rural-based industries become automated,
67
millions are migrating into cities and major urban areas,
68
driving significant demand for residential space that is often met with high-rise structures.
69
Europe is not immune to this phenomenon,
70
particularly in such a heavily globalised world,
71
and with the continent's desire to keep up with the progress and economic growth of China and the US.
72
As such, Europe could witness a skyscraper boom in the decades ahead.
73
However, with entire urban centres now being declared historically significant,
74
and with With the desire to retain as much culture and architecture as possible rightly holding strong up to the present day,
75
the unique challenge facing future skyscraper construction in Europe is all to do with the past.
76
Thank you.
Télécharger l'application
Tout pour parler couramment
Prononciation IAChaque phrase notée
Phonétique (IPA)Maîtrisez chaque son
VocabulaireEnrichissez votre lexique
Jeu de vocabulaireApprenez en jouant
Même chaîne
B24
Germany Has Finally Built a Decent Airport
British AccentDaily ConversationWorking Adults
B23
New York's Buckling Tower: What Happens Now?
British AccentDaily ConversationWorking Adults
B25
The World's Most Beautiful Bridge Just Opened
British AccentBusiness EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C13
What is This $3BN Machine Under New York?
British AccentBusiness EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B26
Powering The Internet is Becoming a Big Problem
British AccentBusiness EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
C111
Vietnam’s $67BN Gamble on High-Speed Rail
British AccentIELTS PrepBusiness EnglishUniversity Students
B2Why the World’s Biggest Aquarium is Being Built in Secret
British AccentBusiness EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
FOR YOU
Vidéo recommandée
C16
39 phrases
IELTS Speaking Part 3: Old Buildings and Modern Architecture (Band 8.0)
British AccentIELTS PrepUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C12
232 phrases
Why Europe's GDP Growth Is Crippling Its Economy
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C14
160 phrases
This Is What a Godlike Civilization Would Look Like
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B22
38 phrases
It Keeps Happening
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B224
7 phrases
How To Keep a Skyscraper From Falling Over
American AccentIELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B26
75 phrases
What If We Built Vertical Farms?
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C112
15 phrases
Queen Elizabeth II speech on EU unity | European Parliament
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C115
76 phrases
Contemporary Topics 2 Unit 2 Lecture with Powerpoint
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepCambridge Exam Prep
C13
64 phrases
No Slaves? No Aliens? How the Pyramids Were Really Built| English Lesson & Connected Speech (B2–C1)
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepCambridge Exam Prep
C214
46 phrases
Why Parents Were Climbing Walls - Sir Ken Robinson on What Education Does to Children
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C12
30 phrases
1 Week - Monday: The importance of recycling
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C12
311 phrases
Eco 155: Principles of Macroeconomics Class 1
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepCambridge Exam Prep
Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon
Cette leçon d’expression orale de niveau C1 s’appuie sur la vidéo « Why Europe Doesn't Build Skyscrapers ». Les mots qui reviennent le plus souvent : skyscraper, Europe, cities, structures, continent. Cette vidéo contient 76 phrases et 857 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 7:03. Le locuteur parle à un rythme régulier d’environ 121 mots par minute, confortable pour le shadowing. Seuls 80 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais, le vocabulaire est donc exigeant.
Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo
Les 15 mots les plus avancés de la vidéo, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| skyscraper nom | /ˈskaɪˌskɹeɪpɚ/ | gratte-ciel |
| continent nom | /ˈkɑntɪnənt/ | continent |
| prominence nom | /ˈpɹɑ.mɪ.nəns/ | proéminence |
| architectural adjectif | /ˌɑɹkɪˈtɛkt͡ʃəɹəl/ | architectural |
| construct verbe | /ˈkɑn.stɹʌkt/ | construire |
| modest adjectif | /ˈmɑdəst/ | modeste |
| automate verbe | /ˈɔ.təˌmeɪt/ | automatiser |
| demolish verbe | /dɪˈmɒl.ɪʃ/ | démolir |
| facade nom | /fəˈsɑ(ː)d/ | façade |
| indiscriminate adjectif | /ɪn.dɪsˈkɹɪm.ɪn.ət/ | indiscriminé, indistinct |
| modernize verbe | /ˈmɑdɚnaɪz/ | moderniser |
| overwhelm verbe | /ˌoʊ.vɚˈwɛlm/ | abreuver |
| populate verbe | /ˈpɒp.jʊˌleɪt/ | peupler |
| rehouse verbe | reloger | |
| soften verbe | /ˈsɑfən/ | adoucir |
Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| keep up with verbe | aller de pair avec | |
| set aside verbe | /sɛt.əˈsaɪd/ | mettre de côté, réserver |
La grammaire de cette vidéo
Les structures que le locuteur utilise le plus, avec les mots exacts de la vidéo :
| Structure | Dans la vidéo |
|---|---|
| Voix passive be + participe passé — l’accent est mis sur ce qui arrive, pas sur qui le fait | are located · were already firmly established · had been destroyed |
| Present perfect have/has + participe passé — une action passée qui compte encore maintenant | has held · has never constructed · have seen |
Prononciation à surveiller
Le locuteur utilise 4 contractions et formes réduites, comme aren't, didn't, doesn't. Prononcez-les sous leur forme courte, telles que vous les entendez.
- Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: architectural /ˌɑɹkɪˈtɛkt͡ʃəɹəl/, indiscriminate /ɪn.dɪsˈkɹɪm.ɪn.ət/, repetitive /ɹɪˈpɛtɪtɪv/, sustainability /səˌsteɪnəˈbɪlɪti/, economically /ˌiː.kəˈnɒm.ɪ.kli/
Les sons difficiles pour les francophones :
- /tʃ/ et /dʒ/ — à ne pas adoucir en « ch » et « j »: architectural /ˌɑɹkɪˈtɛkt͡ʃəɹəl/, emerge /ɪˈmɝd͡ʒ/
- /r/ anglais — langue recourbée, sans frotter la gorge: skyscraper /ˈskaɪˌskɹeɪpɚ/, prominence /ˈpɹɑ.mɪ.nəns/, architectural /ˌɑɹkɪˈtɛkt͡ʃəɹəl/, construct /ˈkɑn.stɹʌkt/, indiscriminate /ɪn.dɪsˈkɹɪm.ɪn.ət/
Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo
- Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
- Répétez phrase par phrase à vitesse normale, en reprenant chacune jusqu’à ce que votre rythme corresponde à celui du locuteur.
- Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme skyscraper, continent, prominence.
Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?
Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.