쉐도잉 연습: In full: Canadian Prime Minister Mark Carney's speech at the World Economic Forum in Davos - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기

It seems that every day we're reminded that we live in an era of great power rivalry,

that the rules -based order is fading, that the strong can do what they can and the weak must suffer what they must.

And this aphorism of Thucydides is presented as inevitable, as the natural logic of international relations reasserting itself.

And faced with this logic, there is a strong tendency for countries to go along to get along,

to accommodate, to avoid trouble, to hope that compliance will buy safety.

Well, it won't.

So what are our options?

In 1978, the Czech dissident Václav Havel, later president, wrote an essay called The Power of the Powerless.

And in it, he asked a simple question, how did the communist system sustain itself?

And his answer began with a greengrocer.

Every morning, this shopkeeper places a sign in his window, workers of the world unite.

He doesn't believe it.

No one does.

But he places the sign anyway to avoid trouble, to signal compliance, to get along.

And because every shopkeeper on every street does the same, the system persists.

Not through violence alone, but through the participation of ordinary people in rituals they privately know to be false.

Havel called this living within a lie.

The system's power comes not from its truth but from everyone's willingness to perform as if it were true.

And its fragility comes from the same source.

When even one person stops performing, when the greengrocer removes his sign, the illusion begins to crack.

Friends, it is time for companies and countries to take their signs down.

For decades, countries like Canada prospered under what we called the rules -based international order.

We joined its institutions, we praised its principles, we benefited from its predictability.

And because of that, we could pursue values -based foreign policies under its protection.

We knew the story of the international rules -based order was partially false, that the strongest would exempt themselves when convenient,

that trade rules were enforced asymmetrically,

and we knew that international law applied with varying rigor depending on the identity of the accused or the victim.

This fiction was useful, and American hegemony in particular helped provide public goods, open sea lanes, a stable financial system,

collective security and support for frameworks for resolving disputes.

So we placed the sign in the window.

We participated in the rituals.

And we largely avoided calling out the gaps between rhetoric and reality.

This bargain no longer works.

Let me be direct.

We are in the midst of a rupture, not a transition.

Over the past two decades, a series of crises in finance, health, energy and geopolitics have laid bare the risks of extreme global integration.

But more recently, great powers have begun using economic integration as weapons.

Tariffs as leverage, financial infrastructure as coercion, supply chains as vulnerabilities to be exploited.

You cannot live within the lie of mutual benefit through integration when integration becomes the source of your subordination.

The multilateral institutions on which the middle powers have relied, the WTO, the UN, the COP,

the architecture, the very architecture of collective problem solving are under threat.

And as a result, many countries are drawing the same conclusions, that they must develop greater strategic autonomy in energy,

food, critical minerals, in finance and supply chains.

And this impulse is understandable.

A country that can't feed itself, fuel itself or defend itself has few options.

When the rules no longer protect you, you must protect yourself.

But let's be clear -eyed about where this leads.

A world of fortresses will be poorer, more fragile, and less sustainable.

And there's another truth.

If great powers abandon even the pretense of rules and values for the unhindered pursuit of their power and interests,

the gains from transactionalism will become harder to replicate.

Hegemons cannot continually monetize their relationships.

allies will diversify to hedge against uncertainty.

They'll buy insurance, increase options, in order to rebuild sovereignty.

Sovereignty that was once grounded in rules but will increasingly be anchored in the ability to withstand pressure.

This room knows this is classic risk management.

Risk management comes at a price.

But that cost of strategic autonomy, of sovereignty, can also be shared.

Collective investments in resilience are cheaper than everyone building their own fortresses.

Shared standards reduce fragmentations.

Complementarities are positive some.

And the question for middle powers like Canada is not whether to adapt to the new reality.

We must.

The question is whether we adapt by simply building higher walls or whether we can do something more ambitious.

Now, Canada was amongst the first to hear the wake -up call, leading us to fundamentally shift our strategic posture.

Canadians know that our old, comfortable assumptions, that our geography and alliance memberships automatically conferred prosperity and security.

that assumption is no longer valid.

And our new approach rests on what Alexander Stubb, the president of Finland, has termed value -based realism.

Or to put another way, we aim to be both principled and pragmatic.

Principled in our commitment to fundamental values, sovereignty, territorial integrity, the prohibition of the use of force except when consistent with the UN Charter,

and respect for human rights.

And pragmatic in recognizing that progress is often incremental,

that interests diverge, that not every partner will share all of our values.

So we're engaging broadly, strategically, with open eyes.

We actively take on the world as it is, not wait around for a world we wish to be.

We are calibrating our relationships so their depth reflects our values.

And we're prioritizing broad engagement to maximize our influence, and given the fluidity of the world at the moment, the risks that this poses,

and the stakes for what comes next.

And we are no longer just relying on the strength of our values, but also the value of our strength.

We are building that strength at home.

Since my government took office, we have cut taxes on incomes on capital gains and business investment.

We have removed all federal barriers to interprovincial trade.

We are fast -tracking a trillion dollars of investments in energy, AI, critical minerals, new trade corridors and beyond.

We're doubling our defense spending by the end of this decade, and we're doing so in ways that build our domestic industries.

And we are rapidly diversifying abroad.

We have agreed a comprehensive strategic partnership with the EU, including joining SAFE, the European Defence Procurement Arrangements.

We have signed 12 other trade and security deals on four continents in six months.

In the past few days, we have concluded new strategic partnerships with China and Qatar.

We are negotiating free trade pact with India, ASEAN, Thailand, Philippines and Mercosur.

We're doing something else.

To help solve global problems, we're pursuing variable geometry.

In other words, different coalitions for different issues based on common values and interests.

So on Ukraine, we're a core member of the Coalition of the Willing

and one of the largest per capita contributors to its defense and security.

On Arctic sovereignty, we stand firmly with Greenland and Denmark and fully support their unique right to determine Greenland's future.

Our commitment to NATO's Article 5 is unwavering.

So we're working with our NATO allies, including the Nordic Baltic Gate, to further secure the Alliance's northern and western flanks,

including through Canada's unprecedented investments in over -the -horizon radar, in submarines, in aircraft, and boots on the ground.

Boots on the ice.

100

Canada strongly opposes tariffs over Greenland

101

and calls for focused talks to achieve our shared objectives of security and prosperity in the Arctic.

102

On plurilateral trade, we're championing efforts to build a bridge between the Trans -Pacific Partnership and the European Union,

103

which would create a new trading block of 1 .5 billion people.

104

On critical minerals, we're forming buyer's clubs anchored in the G7 so that the world can diversify away from concentrated supply.

105

And on AI,

106

we're cooperating with like -minded democracies to ensure that we won't ultimately be forced to choose between hegemons and hyperscalers.

107

This is not naive multilateralism, nor is it relying on their institutions.

108

It's building coalitions that work, issues by issue, with partners who share enough common ground to act together.

109

In some cases, this will be the vast majority of nations.

110

What it's doing is creating a dense web of connections across trade investment culture

111

on which we can draw for future challenges and opportunities.

112

I argue that middle powers must act together because if we're not at the table, we're on the menu.

113

But I'd also say that great powers can afford for now to go it alone.

114

They have the market size, the military capacity, and the leverage to dictate terms.

115

Middle powers do not.

116

But when we only negotiate bilaterally with a hegemon, we negotiate from weakness.

117

We accept what's offered.

118

We compete with each other to be the most accommodating.

119

This is not sovereignty.

120

It's the performance of sovereignty while accepting subordination.

121

In a world of great power rivalry, the countries in between have a choice.

122

Compete with each other for favor or to combine to create a third path with impact.

123

We shouldn't allow the rise of hard power to blind us to the fact that the power of legitimacy,

124

integrity and rules will remain strong if we choose to wield them together.

125

Which brings me back to Havel.

126

What does it mean for middle powers to live the truth?

127

First, it means naming reality.

128

Stop invoking rules -based international order as though it still functions as advertised.

129

Call it what it is, a system of intensifying great power rivalry where the most powerful pursue their interests using economic integration as coercion.

130

It means acting consistently, applying the same standards to allies and rivals.

131

When middle powers criticize economic intimidation from one direction but stay silent when it comes from another, we are keeping the sign in the window.

132

It means building what we claim to believe in.

133

Rather than waiting for the old order to be restored, it means creating institutions and agreements that function as described.

134

And it means reducing the leverage that enables coercion.

135

That's building a strong domestic economy.

136

It should be every government's immediate priority.

137

And diversification internationally is not just economic prudence, it's a material foundation for honest foreign policy.

138

Because countries earn the right to principled stands by reducing their vulnerability to retaliation. So Canada.

139

Canada has what the world wants.

140

We are an energy superpower.

141

We hold vast reserves of critical minerals.

142

We have the most educated population in the world.

143

Our pension funds are amongst the world's largest and most sophisticated investors.

144

In other words, we have capital talent.

145

We also have a government with immense fiscal capacity to act decisively.

146

And we have the values to which many others aspire.

147

Canada is a pluralistic society that works.

148

Our public square is loud, diverse, and free.

149

Canadians remain committed to sustainability.

150

We are a stable and reliable partner in a world that is anything but.

151

A partner that builds and values relationships for the long term.

152

And we have something else.

153

We have a recognition of what's happening and a determination to act accordingly.

154

We understand that this rupture calls for more than adaptation.

155

It calls for honesty about the world as it is.

156

We are taking the sign out of the window.

157

We know the old order is not coming back.

158

We shouldn't mourn it.

159

Nostalgia is not a strategy.

160

But we believe that from the fracture we can build something bigger, better, stronger, more just.

161

This is the task of the middle powers.

162

The countries that have the most to lose from a world of fortresses and the most to gain from genuine cooperation.

163

The powerful have their power.

164

But we have something too.

165

The capacity to stop pretending.

166

To name reality.

167

To build our strength at home and to act together.

168

That is Canada's path.

169

We choose it openly and confidently, and it is a path wide open to any country willing to take it with us.

170

Thank you very much.

쉐도잉이란? 영어 실력을 빠르게 키우는 과학적 방법

쉐도잉(Shadowing)은 원래 전문 통역사 훈련을 위해 개발된 언어 학습 기법으로, 다언어 학자인 Dr. Alexander Arguelles에 의해 대중화된 방법입니다. 핵심 원리는 간단하지만 매우 강력합니다: 원어민의 영어를 들으면서 1~2초의 짧은 지연으로 즉시 소리 내어 따라 말하는 것——마치 '그림자(shadow)'처럼 화자를 따라가는 것입니다. 문법 공부나 수동적인 청취와 달리, 쉐도잉은 뇌와 입 근육이 동시에 실시간으로 영어를 처리하고 재현하도록 훈련합니다. 연구에 따르면 이 방법은 발음 정확도, 억양, 리듬, 연음, 청취력, 말하기 유창성을 크게 향상시킵니다. IELTS 스피킹 준비와 자연스러운 영어 소통을 원하는 분들에게 특히 효과적입니다.

쉐도잉 연습: In full: Canadian Prime Minister Mark Carney's speech at the World Economic Forum in Davos - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기

이 레슨을 통해 배울 것

핵심 어휘 & 표현

연습 팁: 쉐도잉을 잘하는 방법

쉐도잉이란? 영어 실력을 빠르게 키우는 과학적 방법