쉐도잉 연습: The ENTIRE History of ROME - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기

연습 모드 선택

각 모드는 전체 화면 연습실로 열립니다.

548 문장

문장이 너무 짧거나 길면 Edit를 눌러 조정하세요.

Before the Roman Empire, there was the Roman Republic.

And before that was the Roman Kingdom.

And all of this actually didn't start in Rome.

It started in Alba Longa, an ancient city about 25 kilometers away from nowadays Rome.

There in the year 771 before Christ, the king of Alba Longa, Numitor, is chilling on his balcony enjoying his Latin Empire,

when his younger brother Amulius suddenly pushes him into early retirement.

At the same time, Amulius' followers also kill all of Numitor's suitable children to make sure he becomes the new rightful ruler.

Only Sylvia, Numitor's sole daughter survives the balcony party.

And to make sure she doesn't produce any new heirs, she gets assigned to fate worse than death.

She was forced to become a Vestal Virgin, a priestess forbidden from having children.

Well, haha, that solves that, Amelius thought to himself.

But then, Then a miracle happened.

Somehow Sylvia gets pregnant, even though she was supposed to be a virgin.

Now don't get your hopes up since it wasn't Jesus Christ just yet folks, but it was Rome's original founders, Romulus and Remus.

After a presumably very chaotic childbirth and a very awkward welcome baby gathering, it was time for the next family drama.

How did you get pregnant while being a virgin?

I was literally wrecked by the god of war Mars.

THE god of war?

Mars?

Yes.

That is the worst excuse I've ever heard.

It's not an excuse, it's literally the myth.

What?

But whether Amelius believed it or not, he now had a much bigger and cuter problem.

With the newborn twin boys around, his claim for the throne started to become wobbly, as there was a legitimate heir now.

Better call Saul.

And now the part I think everyone knows.

Eventually the basket of the two babies crashes into the river bank

and the twins roll into the cold wet sand that is rough and gets everywhere.

Well, this is it, said Romulus Doremus in a very manly and sexy voice.

Yes, brother, it was an honor sharing the same womb with you.

And just when they think they are about to die, a female wolf jumps from the bushes and sucks the - Okay, this is straight up becoming a bible story now.

Virgins giving birth, kings ordering to kill babies and the wolf feeding two twins?

What's next, the Tower of Babylon?

Well, chronically speaking, yes, but I get the hint.

This all is a myth, it might or might not have happened.

But it is crucial to the birth of Rome, which we are about to talk about actually, so why Why don't you shut your mouth,

sit down and enjoy the free entertainment? Who are you even?

Get out of here!

Anyway, after being raised by the wolf for an unknown time, the boys grow older and stronger.

Like, ABSURDLY strong.

Living on protein rich wolf milk apparently turns you into ancient Jojo characters.

So one day, while they are out flexing in the woods and doing whatever feral demigod teenagers do, a shepherd finds them, adopts the twins

and teaches them presumably how to speak since they were literal furries till then

and the twins grew up into two tall muscular troublemakers.

One day Romulus and Remus get into a fight with some thugs who work for guess who, King Amulius and during the brawl the twins learn the truth.

They are not random forest boys, they are the lost princess of Alba Longa, the rightful heirs that Amulius tried to river delete.

So naturally the boys decide to go on a bizarre adventure.

They march straight back to Alba Longa, Gather the locals, shout something dramatic like, please become a member of the YouTube channel historically.

And together with the people of the city, they overthrow uncle Aemilius and… reinstate their grandpa Numiter who apparently survived the fall?

Grandpa gets reinstated as a king and everyone is cheering, celebrating, throwing flowers etc. Everyone except Romulus and Remus because they started to like this whole army thing.

So they decided to build a city together a couple kilometers over.

Eventually, they find a great spot near the Tiber River.

Beautiful scenery, seven hills, perfect vantage points, a village of a blacksmith… all was going well.

But then, because this is Roman legend, disaster strikes.

They can't agree where to put the city.

We should put the city on Palatine Hill.

Uh no, Avantine Hill.

No my location is better.

No mine's better.

No. No. No. No. No. No. No, no, no, no, no. And suddenly the founding of the Roman Empire became a sibling argument that could have been solved with,

like, I don't know, a coin.

But no, this is ancient Italy, so instead they go, let's just ask the gods.

They hold a contest.

Whoever sees more birds wins divine approval.

Because why not?

Remus goes, I saw six birds.

Romulus then responded, cool, I saw 12.

You cheated!

The gods love me more bro!

They literally don't!

I hate you!

Romulus decides to just start building a tiny wall.

If his brother won't help him, he will just make the city himself.

And Remus, being a certified older brother menace, decides to clown on him.

Remus hops over the wall like it's nothing and goes, Oh no, Luke, I'm in your super secure city, brother!

What will you do?

Arrest me?

Hmmmm.

Haha, your city sucks!

What, you gonna found an empire on my corpse?

He did.

And this is the start of Rome.

Historically extra long facts, part 16.

So Romulus is now king, right?

But Rome at this point is basically a homeless camp.

To attract people, Romulus calls it an asylum city, and not the medical kind, the everyone who is on the run from something, come on in kind.

Which means suddenly Rome fills up with runaway slaves, debt dodgers, exiles, guys who stole goats,

guys who are goats, criminals and a couple lost tourists.

Romulus looks at his crowd and goes, perfect as city.

But there is a problem, a huge problem, because Rome has food, hills, walls, chaotic men, one king,

but exactly zero women to have children with.

This is an issue.

Oh you think?

Shut up.

So, Rome hosts a big festival and invites their neighbors, the Sabines, and tell them, come celebrate, bring the whole family, there will be snacks.

Let's be honest, no one can ignore such a great housewarming party.

So the Sabines show up, and everyone's vibing.

But then, mid -party, Romulus gives the signal, and the Romans just kidnap all the Sabine women.

100

Rome literally solved its gender imbalance with an 8th century BC Tinder kidnapping event.

101

Papa Mars would be proud.

102

The next morning, the Sabine men wake up with a hangover and are furious.

103

They attack Rome, obviously, and we get the first official Roman war.

104

Just… three years after the birth of the place.

105

Bravo!

106

The Sabine women walk out between the armies and yell, stop!

107

We don't want our new husbands killing our old families.

108

Stop being stupid!

109

Merge the kingdoms and continue your lives.

110

And they do.

111

Just like that, the Sabines and Romans became one people.

112

Which must have been awkward at the dinner table.

113

From here, Rome cycles through 6 more kings.

114

We still have over a thousand years of Roman history to cover, so I'll just speedrun us through this.

115

Timer please!

116

The first king is Romulus.

117

He creates the Senate, did all the crazy stuff we just went over, then disappears one day in a storm.

118

Romans say he ascended to heaven, though he probably just tripped and died.

119

Romulus was followed by the second king, a Sabine king who creates the Roman religion, builds temples, actually does not fight anyone for a while and dies peacefully.

120

The third king was basically the opposite of his predecessor and decided religion is cringe and fighting is so much cooler.

121

So he attacks and destroys Alba Longa, followed by absorbing their population.

122

He dies because he angered a god, supposedly.

123

So the fourth king, a half Sabine, half Roman person, takes power, brings back religion, yet expands Rome forcefully.

124

He also starts paving the way for his followers by building prisons, ports and bridges.

125

The next king kept the spirit going

126

and constructed the massive sewer system we still applaud Rome for to this day

127

and becomes insanely powerful so he gets assassinated by his political opponents.

128

And so did his successor who was abusing his power left and right.

129

Though he did build a wall, but it didn't stop the Mexicans.

130

Finally, the seventh king who was so incredibly sinister and cruel

131

that he was expelled from the city by the people of Rome.

132

And just to prevent any more idiotic kings from taking over, the Roman people turned the place from a kingdom to a republic.

133

And with that, we enter the era of the Roman Republic.

134

Yes, still not empire.

135

Which, in theory, means no more kings.

136

Ever.

137

We are done.

138

We have learned our lesson.

139

So, instead of one king, they elect two consuls.

140

We'll have the power of a king, but definitely aren't kings.

141

They rule at the same time and can veto each other to quote on quote keep each other in balance.

142

They also switch out each year.

143

I'm sure that will go well.

144

Let's see how well go - Oh my god it's all burning down.

145

Ever wondered how Rome became so militaristic?

146

It wasn't just because their first king's daddy was the god of war, it's actually because of what's happening right here in front of us.

147

Rome wasn't the only city they liked to plunder and kill, because the French in the ancient Gaul region wanted to do it before them.

148

And the Romans lost to them.

149

And not just a bit.

150

The Gauls enter Rome, loot it, burn most of it, sit around like it's a camping trip, and leave only after the Romans paid him a ransom in gold.

151

This event might as well be Rome's original story of their villain arc.

152

Never again can we be this humiliated, said the Rooms to each other.

153

So, they turn ultra, ultra militaristic.

154

Anything that isn't nailed to the ground is about to get conquered.

155

And, oh god, were they good at it.

156

They started with their Latin neighbors, then some hill tribes, then Greek colonies, then more tribes, then even more tribes.

157

Basically, if you lived near early Rome, you were about to receive a very polite invitation to join the Republic or be flattened by it.

158

But the real challenge comes from across the water in the south.

159

Carthage.

160

They have a massive navy, way too much money, a beautiful city and elephant.

161

You know, the kind of neighbor Rome absolutely can't tolerate.

162

So the two republics start fighting in what historians very casually call the Punic Wars.

163

Which is basically a trilogy movie about chaos.

164

In the first movie, Rome goes, you know what, we want that island.

165

Carthage responds by saying that you don't even have a navy to stop us.

166

And Rome responds by building a navy by stealing the design of the Carthaginian ships and win anyway.

167

1 -0 for Rome.

168

Then the second war starts.

169

And this is the big one.

170

Hannibal appears.

171

This man shows up with 50 ,000 troops, 37 elephants and the determination of many years of deep -rooted racism.

172

He gathers in Spain, marches his army over the alps which is insane even today and absolutely wrecks Rome for years.

173

Rome eventually wins because they are Rome, but yeah, Hannibal made them sweat.

174

That's 2 -0 for Rome.

175

Then the third war is basically Rome saying, Carthage still exists and that bothers us.

176

So they delete the whole city from the timeline.

177

Boom, gone, survivals of the fittest or whatever.

178

And just for good measure, so they won't fight again, they enslave the whole city.

179

And so, with their only real rival out of the way, Rome gets addicted to expansion like the British got to Opium.

180

They conquer Spain, North Africa, Greece, Turkey, and of course, the Gaul region.

181

Instead of going to therapy about what happened to them before, Rome literally conquered 10 % of humanity, enslaved another 2 %

182

and destroyed entire civilizations just to make sure they were strong

183

enough to have revenge against the Gauls for what they did 330 years before.

184

And the man who gets to deal the final blow to these Frenchies is Julius Caesar.

185

Caesar is basically the final boss of the Roman Republic.

186

He marches into Gaul with a relatively small army and proceeds to absolutely dismantle the place.

187

And by dismantle I mean defeat tribe after tribe, conquer all of France, dip into Belgium,

188

flirt with Germany and then casually invade Britain just to see what they taste like.

189

He comes back to Rome so powerful that the Senate becomes afraid of him.

190

So they order him to come to Rome alone and to leave his army behind.

191

He naturally refuses and starts marching to the capital anyway.

192

The Senate panics and flee as Caesar enters the city with little to no resistance.

193

But that doesn't mean Rome was his just yet.

194

He still had to defeat the disputed leader and his allies before he can legally become, I don't know, the first dictator Rome has seen in 500 years?

195

He fights all across the continent.

196

Boinks Cleopatra on the way because why not?

197

And after four years finally gains control of the republic.

198

Half the senate likes him, the other half wants to kill him by stabbing him 23 times.

199

But is that hate justified?

200

Well, kind of.

201

But also absolutely not.

202

Caesar wasn't a straight up evil guy most people portray him as today.

203

He was actually doing a lot of stuff that regular Romans loved.

204

He fixed the chaotic calendar so months actually made sense.

205

And it's why we now have 365 days.

206

July is literally named after him, so you're welcome.

207

He lowered taxes, canceled debts, expanded citizenship, rebuilt half the city, gave lands to veterans of war, regulated grain supply so poor people didn't starve

208

and tried to keep the army under control so rogue generals wouldn't create another civil war.

209

But, and this is the but the senate couldn't ignore, Caesar was also absorbing every political office he possibly could.

210

A dictator?

211

Yup.

212

Consul?

213

Sure.

214

Pontifex Maximus aka the head priest?

215

Why not?

216

Basically the man was collecting powers like they were Pokemon cards.

217

And the Sanad, who spent 500 years being paranoid about kings, looked at this and went, oh god he's becoming a king!

218

So they decide to save the republic by doing the most republic destroying thing possible.

219

They murder him in the middle of a sanad meeting.

220

And this This might have been the dumbest thing they could have possibly done.

221

Because tiny problem, everyone liked Caesar except the senators.

222

The liberators walk out of the senate like, we did it guys, we saved the republic.

223

While the roman people are more like, you killed the guy who lowered our taxes and gave us free grain?

224

Let's just hope this somehow doesn't escalate.

225

Look how they massacred my boy!

226

This is Mark Anthony, Caesar's bestie who is apparently really upset that his friend is dead.

227

But don't let it fool you, in reality he really just enjoys power, and is about to usurp that power all to himself.

228

Not on my watch, says Octavius, the adopted 18 year old grand nephew of Caesar.

229

Octavius might look like an adorable baby boy, way, but in reality he is a cunning war criminal.

230

Marc Anthony, Octavius and some random other guy that doesn't matter become the new united leaders of Rome, but in reality it's more like Marc Anthony and Octavius trying to become the sole leader.

231

Luc has it for Octavius that Marc is a massive simp.

232

And he too, just like Caesar, gets seduced by Cleopatra.

233

So Marc leaves for Egypt, showers her in gifts, and Octavius sees this as the perfect opportunity to depose his rival.

234

Look, he's only spending his time in Egypt with his E -girl.

235

And guess what?

236

He is definitely planning to move the capital from Rome to Alexandria.

237

We should depose of him.

238

It was a blatant lie, but the Romans believed it.

239

They attack Egypt, defeat the Egyptians, and the love couple takes the easy way out to avoid being humiliated in Rome.

240

That leaves Octavius as the sole ruler.

241

He blatantly steals the plot of the good Star Wars movies, because he declares himself first citizen, or Imperator and usurps all the power to himself.

242

Finally, by the Senate or whatever is left of it after a campaign of revenge

243

and bloodshed for what a few of them did to Caesar, he is named Augustus, which means all kinds of fancy things.

244

And since this day, in the year 27 before Christ, yes all of this happened before the man himself even spawned in, the Roman Empire is officially born!

245

Or wait, I mean Empire is officially born!

246

Man, I'm getting hungry.

247

We're at the halfway point now, so best to take a short break.

248

Do you want pizza?

249

No, like literally, I have 500 dollars worth of Domino's pizza coats to give away thanks to the sponsor of this video, FreeCash .com.

250

FreeCash is a free platform where you can earn real money by playing mobile games, answering surveys and completing simple offers.

251

You just pick an offer, I usually choose games because you're literally getting paid to play.

252

You download it, play for a bit, and as soon as you hit the goals, the money shows up right here.

253

If you sign up using my link or QR code, you will get a $10 bonus when you start your first offer.

254

The more offers you complete, the more rewards you unlock.

255

So it usually stacks over time.

256

And just like you can complete tasks for cash, here's a task for you to be eligible to win free pizza.

257

Freecash .com is giving away 10 times $50 worth of Domino's Pizza, and all you gotta do to be eligible to win is sign up using the link below.

258

And that's it.

259

It is only for US based viewers though

260

and additionally you have 30 days from

261

when this video goes live to enter the giveaway

262

and 10 days after the deadline I will announce the hungry winners with a community post.

263

So make sure to press the bell button as well.

264

Thanks again to Freecash .com for feeding the needy and sponsoring this video.

265

All roads lead to Rome.

266

Which is actually true, unless you live in any of these continents.

267

But why do they lead to Rome?

268

Well that is

269

because Rome in its empire phase started to learn how to

270

stabilize instead of endlessly expanding like for example the Mongols used to do.

271

That is also why their empire fell apart so quickly while Rome managed to survive way longer.

272

Anyway, eyes on me please as we continue our story as we enter Rome's golden age.

273

Rome has become very quickly a fully centralized empire.

274

And Augustus, the first emperor, is the reason it doesn't immediately collapse again.

275

The key thing to understand about Augustus is that he is not trying to be impressive.

276

He is trying to be permanent.

277

And because of that, he might be the single greatest emperor to ever exist.

278

He knows exactly why the Republic failed.

279

It wasn't because Rome lacked laws or values or tradition.

280

It failed because the army stopped belonging to the state and started belonging to individual men.

281

Every civil war, from Marius to Sulla to Caesar, followed the same pattern.

282

Soldiers fought for generals, not for Rome.

283

So Augustus fixes that first.

284

He turns the Roman army into a professional standing force.

285

No more temporary legions raised for single wars.

286

Soldiers now enlist for roughly 20 years.

287

They receive regular pay from the state, standardized equipment and a guarantee retirement package.

288

Land grants come from the government, not from a general promising rewards if his rebellion succeeds.

289

This one change alone, removes the main fuel for a civil war.

290

Augustus also limits how much military power any single governor can control.

291

Provinces with large armies are separated from provinces with large wealth.

292

No one gets both.

293

Generals are rotated, commands are time limited, and loyalty flows upwards, not sideways.

294

Rome now maintains around 25 to 30 legions.

295

Roughly 150 ,000 professional roman soldiers.

296

Backed by at least as many auxiliary troops.

297

Permanently stationed across the empire.

298

This is expensive, but it gives rom something it never really had before.

299

A standby response unit.

300

On top of that, Augustus changes Roman war strategy.

301

Instead of endless expansion, Rome now focuses on securing the borders.

302

Spain is fully pacified after decades of resistance.

303

The Alps are conquered to eliminate raiding routes into Italy.

304

In the Balkans, rebellions are crushed and the Danube becomes a hardened frontier.

305

In the east, Augustus avoids full -scale war with Partia.

306

He uses diplomacy and pressure to recover Roman standards lost in earlier defeats.

307

He presents this as victory to the public, even though no major war was fought.

308

It shows how the emperor really tries to keep the empire alive, but that doesn't mean the wars stop.

309

Along the Rhine and Danube, Roman legions are constantly active.

310

Forts are built every few kilometers.

311

Roads connect them so troops can move quickly.

312

These regions were anything but peaceful, and because of that, it actually had soldiers living there permanently.

313

In 9 AD, three Roman legions march into Germania under the general Varus.

314

They are ambushed by Germanic forces led by Arminius, a former Roman ally trained in Roman warfare.

315

The legions are wiped out almost completely in the Toytoberg forest.

316

Mind you, that is 20 ,000 professional soldiers dead just like that.

317

How could a general fumble so badly?

318

Well, let's take a look at the traitor, Arminius.

319

Arminius knows Rome better than most Romans do.

320

He grew up around them, served in their army, earned their trust, and learned exactly how legions move, fight, and think.

321

He knows their discipline, he knows their confidence, and most importantly, he knows their biggest weakness.

322

Romans assume everyone wants to become Roman.

323

But back home, where Arminius is from, Germania, Roman rule doesn't feel like order, it feels more like suffocation.

324

Roman courts replace local customs, Roman law overrides tribal authority, taxes are imposed, obedience is expected.

325

What Rome calls civilization, Arminius sees as the slow erasure of everything his people are.

326

To him, Germania isn't being conquered by the sword anymore, it's being absorbed quietly, permanently.

327

And Arminius understands that once Rome finishes that process, resistance will be impossible.

328

So he decides this is the moment.

329

He doesn't rebel openly, that would fail immediately.

330

Instead, he stays loyal on the surface.

331

To Varus, Arminius is the perfect Roman ally.

332

Calm, cooperative, warning him about small uprisings that supposedly need to be dealt with, he convinces Varus that Germania is already under control,

333

that this whole operation is just going to be a routine clean up.

334

Varus believes him.

335

The legions move as if they are on administrative duty, not a military campaign.

336

They march stretched out, hauling wagons, supplies and even civilians through terrain they don't understand.

337

Forests close in, roads disappear, rain turns the paths into mud.

338

This is no place for Roman formations and Arminius knows it.

339

Then the attacks begin.

340

Not a battle, a slaughter.

341

Germanic fighters strike from the forest, disappear when the Romans try to respond and then strike again.

342

Harder.

343

Because the legions are strung out for kilometers in narrow terrain, units can't form up and orders don't travel.

344

Roman discipline still exists, but there is nothing to apply it to.

345

Rome is used to fighting on open ground.

346

One army facing another.

347

But not Konga lining through the dense forests while being dismantled piece by piece.

348

Varus hears reports of attacks but doesn't react decisively.

349

He hesitates, assuming it's just minor banditry causing delays.

350

He keeps pushing forward, believing the situation can still be managed, but it can't.

351

Over several days, the army collapses.

352

Units are isolated, officers are killed.

353

By the time Varus realizes this isn't unrest but a full betrayal, there is no army left to save.

354

More than 20 ,000 career soldiers are dead because of his blindness.

355

Varus takes his own life rather than return to Rome as

356

the man who lost three legions without ever fighting a proper battle.

357

The Germanic tribes, Rome's barbarians, slip out of Roman control thanks almost entirely to Arminius.

358

The legions number 17, 18 and 19 are never used again, forever locked away with Rome's unresolved traumas.

359

More importantly, because of this, Roman policy changes permanently.

360

Augustus abandons the idea of conquering Germania.

361

The Rhine becomes the frontier.

362

Rome stops pushing outward and commits fully to defense.

363

This decision defines the Empire's borders for centuries.

364

It was time for solidifying ground and making sure no silly little man would start a world religion.

365

Spoilers.

366

When Augustus dies in 14 AD, he leaves behind something unprecedented.

367

A Roman state that is stable, defensible and no longer tearing itself apart.

368

His actions single -handedly were the foundation of the golden age.

369

Now, before we continue with emperors and wars, it's worth stopping for a moment and looking at what living in the peak of Rome's golden era was really like.

370

For the average Roman citizen living inside the empire, especially in Italy or a major province, life is structured in a way that is rare for the ancient world.

371

Cities have paved roads, stone building aqueducts, public baths, markets, courts and written laws.

372

Grain distributions keep large populations fed.

373

Trade moves freely across thousands of kilometers.

374

Most people are not wealthy, many live modestly, and slavery is widespread and brutal.

375

But there is stability.

376

If you are inside the empire, you live within a system that absorbs shocks.

377

Famine, crime and violence exist, but there is an administration to respond to them.

378

Now, compare all of that to the average person outside of the empire, often labeled a barbarian by Roman writers.

379

Most of these societies are rural and decentralized.

380

Political authority depends on the person.

381

There are no standing armies, no long distance infrastructure networks, no permanent bureaucracies.

382

Life is harder, but more flexible.

383

Taxes are lower, but protection is limited.

384

When something goes terribly wrong, there are no larger systems to intervene.

385

See, this contrast matters.

386

Because for centuries, Rome doesn't just defeat and fight these peoples, it also attracts them.

387

Roman service offers pay.

388

Roman cities offer security.

389

Roman citizenship offers legal rights.

390

Many people outside of the empire don't want to destroy Rome, they want access to what it provides.

391

And that will matter later.

392

For now, it's time for the next emperor to take power.

393

Spin the wheel of misfortune!

394

Wait, good?

395

Oh, this thing is definitely rigged.

396

Meet the adopted son of Augustus, Emperor Tiberius.

397

He's a capable guy, an experienced guy, but most interestingly, an extremely introverted guy who is deeply suspicious of literally everyone and hates being in public.

398

From the day he took the role as emperor, which he essentially got forced into by Augustus, he didn't do anything too radical.

399

He simply kept himself secluded to the point he abandons living in Rome and moves to the island of Capri, where he reigned the empire from there.

400

That was a little bit of a mistake, since there was no one in Rome anymore to enforce orders directly, though it did come in handy for the Praetorian Guard,

401

who were originally created by Augustus as an elite protective unit.

402

These soldiers are heavily armed, permanently stationed in Rome and loyal not to the state, but to the emperor personally.

403

Problem is, with Emperor Tiberius living on an island, the Praetorian Guard commander becomes one of the most powerful men in the city.

404

He controls access to the emperor, filters information and increasingly influences decisions.

405

Behind the curtains of Rome, power is no longer flowing through institutions and the senate is always seen as a joke.

406

The never ending corruption has begun.

407

Meanwhile in the far province of Judea, a local religious figure named Jesus of Nazareth is arrested by local authorities and handed over to the roman administration.

408

He is executed for causing unrest and refusing to acknowledge Roman authority in the way expected of him.

409

The execution is routine and crucifixion is standard Roman punishment.

410

As far as the empire is concerned, this all is a minor provincial matter.

411

Barely even worth recording and Rome moves on.

412

When Emperor Tiberius eventually dies in 37 AD, the balance of power inside Rome was already distorted.

413

The Praetorian guard actively starts playing a key role in ensuring the next emperor supports their wishes and desires.

414

They choose Caligula, a great grandson of Emperor Augustus.

415

At first he does what they expect him to do, but long story short, because I don't want to cover all, what, 90 emperors Rome had in full detail,

416

Emperor Caligula gets a bit too cocky.

417

So, the Praetorian guard simply kills the emperor, and on the spot immediately select a replacement themselves.

418

They find Caligula's uncle Claudius and declare him the new emperor.

419

Needless to say, Rome has now crossed yet another line.

420

The Emperor is no longer chosen by tradition, legitimacy or public consensus.

421

He is chosen by the soldiers standing closest to him.

422

Emperor Claudius turns out to be more competent than expected since he expands the Empire, strengthens administration and keeps the system functioning.

423

But the precedent remains.

424

Everyone now understands that the Praetorian Guard is not just a protective force.

425

It's the ruling force.

426

After Claudius, power passes to Augustus' great -great -grandson, Nero.

427

Nero is obsessed with personal image and is careless about his power.

428

He is basically the complete opposite of the legendary first emperor.

429

He caused rebellions, a financial collapse and half of Rome burned down during his reign.

430

The senate and the army lose confidence in him and those who actually matter if they support you or not, the Praetorian guard, also ended up giving up their support.

431

Which basically means your time is up.

432

Nero flees Rome and as it's clear he is going to get arrested and executed, he takes his own life.

433

And with Nero's passing in the year 68, we not only end the Julius Caesar dynasty reign, but also end in the very chaotic year of 69.

434

Also known as the year of the four emperors.

435

Four men claim and sit on the throne in a single year.

436

Not because they are great leaders, but because different armies across the empire back different candidates.

437

One emperor gets murdered, another one gets overthrown, another rules for a few months.

438

Civil war breaks out across the entire empire.

439

Legions that were supposed to defend borders are now actively marching on each other.

440

Eventually, one man wins.

441

Vespasian.

442

Not because he is charismatic, not because he is loved, but because he has the strongest army.

443

He restores order, mostly by force, and hands the empire to his sons afterwards.

444

So yay, Rome survives!

445

But now everyone yet again knows the truth about emperor legitimacy.

446

Because if you control the army, you control Rome, no matter how bad of a leader you are.

447

Naturally, for the next century, emperors rise and drop dead like flies every other weak.

448

It is extremely chaotic and not that interesting because it just comes down to this emperor bad, he gets killed, this emperor a bit better,

449

but the Praetorian guard don't like him, so he is also killed, etc etc etc. So just to summarize the next century, here are a couple highlights.

450

In the year 117, under emperor Traian, the Roman Empire reaches its historical peak, with the capture of what is nowadays Romania, Jordan and Armenia.

451

In 193 AD, the Praetorian guard, who are yes still in power even 200 years later, literally sell the title of emperor to the highest bidder.

452

Emperor Julianus ended up reigning for just 66 days until he got executed in the palace by another general, aka the next emperor.

453

And in the beginning of the third century, Christianity started to spread like crazy.

454

And that was annoying for the Roman elite.

455

Christians refused to worship Roman gods and instead worshiped, well, the Christian god.

456

But that wasn't the only crisis they faced.

457

The whole third century was hell for the Roman Empire.

458

Emperors went from switching monthly to weekly.

459

And most die violently.

460

The empire nearly fractures into separate states.

461

Germanic invasions hit the west while Persian armies press from the east.

462

Meanwhile massive plagues tear through cities and hyperinflation destroys the economy me.

463

Sounds like 2020 all over again.

464

I can't make it clear enough.

465

It was a chaotic mess.

466

And eventually, one emperor accepts the obvious.

467

The empire is just too big, too unstable, too complex to be ruled the old way.

468

So he makes a radical change.

469

He chops the empire into pieces.

470

He creates the Tetrarchy.

471

The rule of four.

472

Two senior emperors, two juniors.

473

And on top of that, Emperors now live in border cities to be close to the action, and Rome literally gets abandoned just like that.

474

It's still there, but the power of the empire is now at the front, among four of them.

475

After that genius emperor retires to grow cabbages, yes he really did, the rule of four turns into a battle royale.

476

Who would have guessed?

477

The winner is Constantine.

478

He somehow reunites the empire, but he doesn't move back into the old Roman office.

479

He's seen the future, and the future was in the east.

480

In 330 AD he builds Constantinople.

481

It's built on a massive choke point between Europe and Asia.

482

It's richer than Rome, easier to defend and crucially, it's built as a Christian city.

483

No more old school pagan garbage.

484

Christianity is now the legalized new cool thing.

485

Though the empire is whole, in reality the split into east and west had already settled in.

486

All the rich and intellectual people followed the emperor to the Greek speaking world, while in Rome the Latin speaking folks were left behind as a ghost province.

487

And I know this is a bit of a hot take, but at this point the Byzantine Empire is real.

488

Some people like to call it the Western Roman Empire and the Eastern Empire, but that's lame.

489

They don't even speak Latin like the westerners or live anywhere close to Rome.

490

You know, the Roman Empire.

491

The Eastern Roman part of the empire, at this point in history, evolved into the Byzantine Empire.

492

And that is O 'Hill I'm willing to die on, you can sue me in the comment section.

493

Anyway, if you don't think that is when the Byzantine Empire started, this moment might have.

494

Because the split between East and West became finalized when an emperor, who died in 395 AD, split this empire between his two sons.

495

Classic mistake.

496

And both administrations immediately ceased working together.

497

Rome is officially no longer Rome.

498

By the early 5th century, the non -Byzantine aka Western Roman Empire is laughably weak, and often ruled by foreign kings.

499

It was time to put it out of its misery.

500

It was time for the final blow.

501

And yeah, if you're watching this video with your political uncle who has no filter, you might want to click off now,

502

because he is most likely going to quote what happens now each thanksgiving dinner till there is no tomorrow.

503

You ready?

504

The blow that ended the Roman Empire once and for all was uncontrolled immigration.

505

Introducing the last villains for today.

506

The Huns.

507

They exploded out of the Eurasian steppe in the late 4th century

508

and they were so dangerous that they single handedly caused mass migrations towards Europe.

509

When the Huns smash into the Goths north of the Danube, the Goths very intellectually decide to not stand still and die, so they run.

510

And where do they run?

511

Across the Roman border.

512

Tens of thousands of Goths show up at the Danube asking for asylum.

513

Rome lets them in.

514

On paper, this is manageable, but in reality, corrupt Roman officials starve and exploit them so badly that the Goths revolt.

515

As a direct result, two years later, a Roman army is destroyed and the emperor is killed on the battlefield by the hands of them.

516

That moment is important because after the events of Adrianople, everyone learned something Rome never wanted to teach.

517

If you bring a whole nation into your borders and you can't control them, you are not Not integrating them, you are just importing your future civil war.

518

So the western roman empire starts doing what it will keep doing until it dies.

519

Making deals with armed groups it can't defeat.

520

Here's some land, please just stop burning us.

521

It calms them for a bit, but greed can never be satisfied.

522

And no, it doesn't stop with the goths.

523

Once the border breaks psychologically, the chain reaction begins.

524

More groups move.

525

Some are fleeing the hunts, some are just following opportunity.

526

The Vandals go on a rampage across the west and eventually take North Africa, which is catastrophic.

527

Because North Africa is where the west gets grain and money.

528

Lose Africa, lose taxes.

529

Lose taxes, lose soldiers.

530

Lose soldiers, yeah good luck.

531

In 410, the Visigoths return from last video and sack Rome.

532

Not because Rome is militarily important, but because it's really funny.

533

Then, once the Huns are defeated, Rome the city gets sacked again in 455 because why not?

534

And by 476, when the last Roman Emperor, Romulus Augustulus, who has literally the most ironic name for this moment,

535

since he is both named Romulus, the name of the founder of Rome, and Augustulus, named after the first emperor.

536

Anyway, yeah, he basically got politely asked by his Germanic commander to stop being emperor, and then the Roman Empire is dead.

537

Yeah, sorry guys, no epic final battle or anything, just emperor fatigue.

538

Now, to be realistic about the Eastern and Western Roman divide, the term Byzantine is made up by modern historians.

539

So if you asked everyone back then if the Roman Empire is really dead, they would probably say, no dumbass, it's right there.

540

But this video is long enough already and my pizza is getting cold.

541

If you really want to know what happened to them, them, the Eastern Roman Byzantines survived for a whopping thousand additional years and fought like crazy to survive.

542

They slowly lost more and more territory to Persians, Arabs, Crusaders and finally to the fearsome Ottomans.

543

Till only the city of Constantinople remained.

544

In 1453 the city falls, gets turned from Christian to Muslim and with it, the last state that still calls itself Roman fail.

545

Yes, I just skipped a thousand years of interesting things, but I will make a Byzantine Empire video one day to explain it all in more detail.

546

So subscribe, become a member and don't forget that if you want pizza and make money by doing simple tasks, check out the link in the description.

547

I really hope you enjoyed the long video and we will see you in the next one.

548

Bye bye.

앱 다운로드

유창하게 말하는 데 필요한 모든 것

AI 발음 평가문장마다 점수 확인

IPA 발음 연습모든 소리 마스터

단어 학습나만의 단어장 만들기

단어 게임놀면서 외우기

QR 스캔

Download on theApp Store Get it onGoogle Play

같은 채널

FOR YOU

이 레슨을 통해 배울 것

이 비디오는 로마의 기원에 관한 신화를 재미있게 풀어내고 있어, 영어 회화 연습에 최적화된 내용입니다. 빠른 말투와 생동감 있는 표현, 다양한 문장 구조를 경험할 수 있어요. 특히 IELTS 스피킹 준비에 필요한 자연스러운 발화와 이야기 전달 능력을 기를 수 있습니다. 쉐도잉(shadow speak) 연습을 통해 발음, 리듬, 억양을 동시에 연마해 보세요!

핵심 어휘 & 표현

push into early retirement: 조기 퇴직시키다 (폭력적이거나 갑작스러운 상황에서 사용)
legitimate heir: 합법적인 상속자 (왕위나 재산을 물려받을 자격이 있는 사람)
overthrow: 폐하시키다 (정부나 지도자를 힘으로 몰아내는 경우)
flexing: 근육을 부풀리다/과시하다 (여기서는 "허세 부리다"처럼 비유적으로 사용)
bizarre adventure: 기이한 모험 (일상과 다른 이상한 경험)

연습 팁: 쉐도잉(shadow speech) 방법

이 비디오는 말투가 빠르고 유쾌하기 때문에, 영어 쉐도잉 연습에 perfect합니다. 먼저 1분 길이로 잘라서 듣고 즉시 따라하기를 반복해 보세요. 특히 "Well, haha, that solves that, Amelius thought to himself."처럼 반말과 생각을 표현하는 구문은 억양을 살려 말해야 자연스러워요. IELTS 스피킹에서 중요한 "이야기의 흐름을 유지하면서 발음하기"를 연습할 때, 이 비디오의 생동감 있는 대화가 큰 도움이 될 거예요. 1일 10분만 하더라도 1주일 후에는 분명히 발화 속도와 자연스러움에서 진전을 느낄 수 있습니다!

이 영상의 문법

화자가 가장 많이 쓰는 문형을 영상 속 실제 표현과 함께 정리했습니다.

문형	영상 속 표현
조건문 if + 절, will/would + 동사 — 조건과 그 결과	If his brother won't help
수동태 be + 과거분사 — 누가 하는지보다 무슨 일이 일어나는지에 초점	was forced · being raised · have been solved
관계절 who / which + 절 — 사람이나 사물에 대한 추가 정보	everyone who is · guys who stole · guys who are
현재완료 have/has + 과거분사 — 과거의 일이 지금도 관련이 있을 때	I've ever heard · have learned · has seen

쉐도잉이란? 영어 실력을 빠르게 키우는 과학적 방법

쉐도잉(Shadowing)은 원래 전문 통역사 훈련을 위해 개발된 언어 학습 기법으로, 다언어 학자인 Dr. Alexander Arguelles에 의해 대중화된 방법입니다. 핵심 원리는 간단하지만 매우 강력합니다: 원어민의 영어를 들으면서 1~2초의 짧은 지연으로 즉시 소리 내어 따라 말하는 것——마치 '그림자(shadow)'처럼 화자를 따라가는 것입니다. 문법 공부나 수동적인 청취와 달리, 쉐도잉은 뇌와 입 근육이 동시에 실시간으로 영어를 처리하고 재현하도록 훈련합니다. 연구에 따르면 이 방법은 발음 정확도, 억양, 리듬, 연음, 청취력, 말하기 유창성을 크게 향상시킵니다. IELTS 스피킹 준비와 자연스러운 영어 소통을 원하는 분들에게 특히 효과적입니다.

섀도잉 방법: 단계별 전체 가이드 읽기 →

쉐도잉 연습: The ENTIRE History of ROME - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기

연습 모드 선택

앱 다운로드

같은 채널

The Rise and Fall of Wu Zetian

The Jesus Problem

HEISENBERG: The Dumber Oppenheimer

The God of Horror

The Dumbest Heist in History

Meet WW2's Villains

The Longest War EVER

My Favorite Greek Myths [No AI]

추천 영상

The ENTIRE History of ROME in 12 Minutes

Queen Jane’s Pregnancy Softens King Henry’s Heart. #foryou #tvshow#usa #film #youtube #thetudors

The Horse and the Infant

Empire of Brazil - Runaway Monarch - South American History - Extra History - Part 1

The GOAT of Holiday Animals | Scandinavian History | Extra History

Russell Crowe Faces the Vatican’s Dark Side | THE POPE'S EXORCIST

Why Pornography Is Basically Modern Mythology

Why Attacking a Sleeping Roman Army Was a Death Trap

The Royal Family Runs on Rules You've Never Heard Of

history of the entire world, i guess

Language Review: Romanian

Historical Myths That Turned Out To Be Real

이 레슨을 통해 배울 것

핵심 어휘 & 표현

연습 팁: 쉐도잉(shadow speech) 방법

이 영상의 문법

쉐도잉이란? 영어 실력을 빠르게 키우는 과학적 방법