쉐도잉 연습: What’s Hiding at the Most Solitary Place on Earth? The Deep Sea - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기
레슨 만드는 중...
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Sometimes the world feels.. hmm.. boring.
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We've visited all the remote islands, conquered the Arctic, and penetrated the deepest jungles.
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But there is still one place to explore.
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It's a wet and deadly desert inhabited by mysterious creatures living in total darkness.
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The deep sea.
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Let's dive down.
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The Earth's Ocean When we look at the sheer scale of the Earth's oceans,
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it's hard to believe that less than 2% of all biomass on Earth lives here.
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And of that small percentage, around 90% is located close to the surface in the first 200 meters.
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This is where we begin our journey.
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Here, light can still penetrate the water, which allows photosynthesis to occur.
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Phytoplankton, trillions and trillions of single-celled algae and bacteria, make up the foundation of the ocean's ecosystem,
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and they're consumed by bigger plankton who are consumed by other species.
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The sea floor at this depth is akin to the Amazon rainforest, and is often covered with coral reefs,
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algae and other sea plants that are home to a plethora of sea animals.
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So far we've focused most of our attention on this comparatively pleasant environment where we fish, swim, pollute and do science.
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So let's dive deeper.
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Moving from familiar coastal waters into deeper, more remote waters, we eventually reach the edge of the continental shelf, where we're confronted with the continental slope,
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long descent down to the deep sea.
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With every additional meter of water, light fades drastically, which means there are basically no more plants
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and the seemingly steep continental slope begins to remind us of the surface of the moon.
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Looking out, we're faced by what seems to be endless open water.
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Let's leave the slope behind us and enter what's known as the Twilight Zone, the portal to the deep sea.
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As we sink down further, the water pressure rises to deadly levels.
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The deepest scuba dive ever came in at 332 meters.
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At that depth, the pressure is like having 200 cars stacked on top of you.
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Yet we've only completed 3% of our journey.
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While this region seems pretty grim, many fish and other animals actually spend at least half their lives down here.
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During the day, it's a good place to to rest and recover, hidden from predators in the vast dark waters.
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At night, they can travel more safely into shallower zones to feed in the food-rich surface waters.
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In this transition zone between twilight and darkness, light becomes a powerful tool.
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Over 90% of the species indigenous to this deep environment use bioluminescence chemicals to create light.
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They do so as camouflage against the very faint sunlight to send signals to potential mates or to confuse and scare attackers.
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Or they use light to hunt.
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Another tool for survival in the dark is teamwork.
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At around 700 meters we encounter a colony of siphonophores.
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They can be up to 50 meters in length but are only as wide as a broomstick.
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To attract prey, a colony creates a tragically beautiful bright blue
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or red light and deploys a curtain of tentacles filled with toxic needles that kill anything that comes too close.
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But most species living down here have to rely on an unlikely resource, marine snow.
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White flaky stuff that constantly sinks from the surface to the bottom of the ocean.
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It consists of dead plant or animal parts, fecal matter, shells, sand or dust.
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Even though this doesn't sound very tasty, without this crucial resource, life in the deep sea would starve.
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It's in this area that the most fascinating battles between two unlikely enemies could happen.
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Sperm whales hunt and attack a giant squid the size of a house.
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While the squid fight back ferociously, they probably don't stand a chance, but they do leave permanent marks on their killer's skin.
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As we reach 1000 meters, deeper than the tallest structure built by humans, we need to be careful.
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This is the Midnight Zone, a place of utter darkness.
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A barely explored wet wasteland consisting of nothing but endless black open water.
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At these depths, it's harder for a human to take a swim than to take a walk in space.
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Eating food down here is really hard, so life had to adapt and become extremely energy efficient.
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Like the 30cm long vampire squid that floats through the water without motion, with long and slender catching arms extended.
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They're covered in tiny stiff hairs, which brush food from the water.
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This saves a lot of energy compared to actively catching food.
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For carnivorous fish, it's much harder to find food since living prey is quite rare down here.
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So the hunters have to get a perfect grip on their victim on first strike, otherwise it will escape into the dark.
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Many deep sea predators have several sets of long and deadly teeth.
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Like the viperfish, which uses its long fangs to trap even large prey and swallow it whole.
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Or the frilled shark, with its impressive set of 300 teeth, which are curved backwards to hook their victims in their mouths.
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We sink further, below the 3800 mark, as deep as the grave of the Titanic.
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We are now at abyssal depths.
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Here, life happens in slow motion.
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Preserving every last bit of energy is crucial for survival.
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Everything down here hovers motionless or swims in a slow, elegant fashion.
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The only time the animals living in this zone move fast is when they have to escape danger.
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Like the Dumbo octopod paddling with its ear-like fins or the Grenadier's fish with its slow eel-like tailbeats.
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At 4,000 meters, we finally reach ground again, the abyssal plain.
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It's covered in gray mud and rocks, dusted with the remains of marine snow, which is consumed by animals like sea cucumbers, shrimp, sea urchins and sea worms.
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In some regions of the sea floor, small dark mineral deposits can be seen.
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These are manganese nodules.
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Deep-sea corals and sponges use them to anchor themselves on the bottom of the sea.
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Though life is sparse on the deep sea floor, even down here there are oases.
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In the rift valleys, where tectonic plates are splitting apart, magma heats up seawater and creates dark jets of water
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and minerals as hot as 400 degrees Celsius that form elaborate chimneys and towers.
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Extremophile bacteria use the minerals to create organic substances that are the basis for unique ecosystems.
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As we descend further, we reach the deepest point of the abyssal plane at 6000 meters.
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For most of the seafloor, this is as deep as it gets.
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But if we want to get to the deepest point of the oceans, we're actually only halfway there.
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Let's enter the Hadel zone, the underworld of the sea.
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It consists of long narrow trenches that only make up around 0.25% of the oceans
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and are among the most extreme environments on Earth.
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Only extremophiles exist down here, like the ethereal snailfish that holds the record for the deepest living fish ever seen at around 8000 meters.
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We see spiky and sharp black rocks rush by as we sink down to more than 10,000.
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until we reach the final slope.
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A trench inside the larger Mariana Trench, with gently sloping sides that frame a valley about 1.6 kilometers wide.
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This is it.
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The deepest point.
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The Challenger Deep.
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11,000 meters below the surface.
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The water pressure here is 1,086 bar.
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Taking a swim here is like having to balance 1,800 elephants on top of you.
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But even here, life has found a way to thrive.
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Next to sea cucumbers, white and light pink amphipods wiggle their way through the water.
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Their size is astounding.
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While their shallow water cousins are merely a few centimeters long, the deep sea version can reach up to 30 centimeters.
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And there are other things floating elegantly through the water.
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Plastic bags that were found by scientists in 2018.
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Even the remotest place on Earth is not safe from human influence.
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There's nothing left to do now and our oxygen is running out, so we begin our ascent.
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After hours of travelling through dark nothingness, we finally see a glimpse of light.
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We arrive back at a calm surface.
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The oceans are so deep.
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There is so much of them.
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We owe it to ourselves and to our descendants to preserve them as well as we can.
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There are still so many wondrous things left to be discovered.
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This bird has magical powers.
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Let's see a demonstration.
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Bring in the latest scientific research.
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Wow, that's a lot of complicated stuff about the immune system and all its cells.
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How could someone possibly understand all of this?
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Incredible!
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This overview is delightful and easy to grasp, but still scientifically accurate.
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Let's make it a bit more difficult.
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Can she make all of evolution visible at a glance?
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This is brilliant!
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You can clearly see the relationships between species and how they evolved.
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And look at those illustrations!
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These posters are ready to be shared with the world.
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These very special pieces of Kurzgesagt are now available on our shop along with many other sciency products,
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all researched with care and created with love by the Burbs with magical powers.
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Every Kurzgesagt product you buy directly funds another moment we get to spend working on our videos.
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Thank you so much for being a part of our story and for making this channel possible.
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왜 이 영상을 보면서 말하기 연습을 해야 할까요?
딥 씨(Deep Sea)라는 주제는 독특하고 흥미로운 이야기로 가득 차 있습니다. 이 영상을 통해 여러분은 IELTS 스피킹 시험을 준비하는 과정에서 실제 대화를 연습할 수 있는 좋은 기회를 얻을 수 있습니다. 바다의 신비로운 생물과 환경에 대해 학습하며 다양한 표현을 익힐 수 있기 때문입니다. 또한, 해당 주제는 자연과학 분야의 대화 주제로, 영어 회화 연습에 있어 매우 유용합니다. 이 영상을 반복적으로 시청하면서 자연스럽게 따라 하다 보면, 자신의 말하기 능력을 극대화시킬 수 있습니다.
문법 및 표현 분석
- “Let's dive down.” - 이 표현은 행동을 제안하는 구조로, 대화 시 상대에게 어떤 행동을 함께 하자고 할 때 매우 유용합니다.
- “With every additional metre of water, light fades drastically.” - 이 문장은 원인과 결과를 연결하는 좋은 예로, 환경 변화에 대한 설명을 하는 데 적합합니다.
- “Many fish and other animals actually spend at least half their lives down here.” - “actually”라는 단어를 사용하여 정보를 강조하는 방법을 배울 수 있습니다. 이는 상대방에게 중요한 사실을 전달할 때 효과적입니다.
- “They do so as camouflage against the very faint sunlight.” - 이 구조는 목적으로 무엇을 하는지를 설명하는 데 유용하며, 필요시 다양한 방식으로 응용할 수 있습니다.
일반적인 발음 트랩
이 영상에서는 "si-pho-no-phores"와 같은 복잡한 단어들이 등장합니다. 이 단어는 발음할 때 음절을 정확히 나누어 발음하는 것이 중요하며, 특히 'ph' 발음을 주의해야 합니다. 또한, "bioluminescence" 같은 과학적 용어는 길고 복잡하기 때문에 여러 번 연습하여 발음을 정확히 익히는 것이 필요합니다. 이러한 단어들은 영어 회화 연습에서 자주 사용되므로, 자신의 발음을 개선할 수 있는 좋은 기회가 될 것입니다. 또한, 깊은 바다의 환경을 주제로 한 이야기에서는 영어의 리듬과 억양을 익히는 데에도 유익합니다.
이 영상에서 배운 표현과 문법 구조를 바탕으로 shadowing site를 통해 반복적으로 연습해 보세요. shadowspeak 기법을 활용하면 더욱 자연스럽고 유창한 영어 회화를 구사할 수 있습니다.
쉐도잉이란? 영어 실력을 빠르게 키우는 과학적 방법
쉐도잉(Shadowing)은 원래 전문 통역사 훈련을 위해 개발된 언어 학습 기법으로, 다언어 학자인 Dr. Alexander Arguelles에 의해 대중화된 방법입니다. 핵심 원리는 간단하지만 매우 강력합니다: 원어민의 영어를 들으면서 1~2초의 짧은 지연으로 즉시 소리 내어 따라 말하는 것——마치 '그림자(shadow)'처럼 화자를 따라가는 것입니다. 문법 공부나 수동적인 청취와 달리, 쉐도잉은 뇌와 입 근육이 동시에 실시간으로 영어를 처리하고 재현하도록 훈련합니다. 연구에 따르면 이 방법은 발음 정확도, 억양, 리듬, 연음, 청취력, 말하기 유창성을 크게 향상시킵니다. IELTS 스피킹 준비와 자연스러운 영어 소통을 원하는 분들에게 특히 효과적입니다.