Практика Shadowing: What’s Hiding at the Most Solitary Place on Earth? The Deep Sea - Изучайте разговорный английский по видео
Создание урока...
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Sometimes the world feels.. hmm.. boring.
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We've visited all the remote islands, conquered the Arctic, and penetrated the deepest jungles.
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But there is still one place to explore.
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It's a wet and deadly desert inhabited by mysterious creatures living in total darkness.
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The deep sea.
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Let's dive down.
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The Earth's Ocean When we look at the sheer scale of the Earth's oceans,
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it's hard to believe that less than 2% of all biomass on Earth lives here.
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And of that small percentage, around 90% is located close to the surface in the first 200 meters.
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This is where we begin our journey.
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Here, light can still penetrate the water, which allows photosynthesis to occur.
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Phytoplankton, trillions and trillions of single-celled algae and bacteria, make up the foundation of the ocean's ecosystem,
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and they're consumed by bigger plankton who are consumed by other species.
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The sea floor at this depth is akin to the Amazon rainforest, and is often covered with coral reefs,
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algae and other sea plants that are home to a plethora of sea animals.
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So far we've focused most of our attention on this comparatively pleasant environment where we fish, swim, pollute and do science.
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So let's dive deeper.
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Moving from familiar coastal waters into deeper, more remote waters, we eventually reach the edge of the continental shelf, where we're confronted with the continental slope,
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long descent down to the deep sea.
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With every additional meter of water, light fades drastically, which means there are basically no more plants
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and the seemingly steep continental slope begins to remind us of the surface of the moon.
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Looking out, we're faced by what seems to be endless open water.
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Let's leave the slope behind us and enter what's known as the Twilight Zone, the portal to the deep sea.
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As we sink down further, the water pressure rises to deadly levels.
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The deepest scuba dive ever came in at 332 meters.
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At that depth, the pressure is like having 200 cars stacked on top of you.
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Yet we've only completed 3% of our journey.
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While this region seems pretty grim, many fish and other animals actually spend at least half their lives down here.
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During the day, it's a good place to to rest and recover, hidden from predators in the vast dark waters.
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At night, they can travel more safely into shallower zones to feed in the food-rich surface waters.
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In this transition zone between twilight and darkness, light becomes a powerful tool.
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Over 90% of the species indigenous to this deep environment use bioluminescence chemicals to create light.
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They do so as camouflage against the very faint sunlight to send signals to potential mates or to confuse and scare attackers.
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Or they use light to hunt.
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Another tool for survival in the dark is teamwork.
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At around 700 meters we encounter a colony of siphonophores.
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They can be up to 50 meters in length but are only as wide as a broomstick.
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To attract prey, a colony creates a tragically beautiful bright blue
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or red light and deploys a curtain of tentacles filled with toxic needles that kill anything that comes too close.
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But most species living down here have to rely on an unlikely resource, marine snow.
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White flaky stuff that constantly sinks from the surface to the bottom of the ocean.
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It consists of dead plant or animal parts, fecal matter, shells, sand or dust.
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Even though this doesn't sound very tasty, without this crucial resource, life in the deep sea would starve.
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It's in this area that the most fascinating battles between two unlikely enemies could happen.
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Sperm whales hunt and attack a giant squid the size of a house.
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While the squid fight back ferociously, they probably don't stand a chance, but they do leave permanent marks on their killer's skin.
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As we reach 1000 meters, deeper than the tallest structure built by humans, we need to be careful.
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This is the Midnight Zone, a place of utter darkness.
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A barely explored wet wasteland consisting of nothing but endless black open water.
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At these depths, it's harder for a human to take a swim than to take a walk in space.
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Eating food down here is really hard, so life had to adapt and become extremely energy efficient.
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Like the 30cm long vampire squid that floats through the water without motion, with long and slender catching arms extended.
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They're covered in tiny stiff hairs, which brush food from the water.
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This saves a lot of energy compared to actively catching food.
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For carnivorous fish, it's much harder to find food since living prey is quite rare down here.
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So the hunters have to get a perfect grip on their victim on first strike, otherwise it will escape into the dark.
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Many deep sea predators have several sets of long and deadly teeth.
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Like the viperfish, which uses its long fangs to trap even large prey and swallow it whole.
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Or the frilled shark, with its impressive set of 300 teeth, which are curved backwards to hook their victims in their mouths.
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We sink further, below the 3800 mark, as deep as the grave of the Titanic.
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We are now at abyssal depths.
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Here, life happens in slow motion.
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Preserving every last bit of energy is crucial for survival.
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Everything down here hovers motionless or swims in a slow, elegant fashion.
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The only time the animals living in this zone move fast is when they have to escape danger.
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Like the Dumbo octopod paddling with its ear-like fins or the Grenadier's fish with its slow eel-like tailbeats.
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At 4,000 meters, we finally reach ground again, the abyssal plain.
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It's covered in gray mud and rocks, dusted with the remains of marine snow, which is consumed by animals like sea cucumbers, shrimp, sea urchins and sea worms.
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In some regions of the sea floor, small dark mineral deposits can be seen.
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These are manganese nodules.
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Deep-sea corals and sponges use them to anchor themselves on the bottom of the sea.
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Though life is sparse on the deep sea floor, even down here there are oases.
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In the rift valleys, where tectonic plates are splitting apart, magma heats up seawater and creates dark jets of water
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and minerals as hot as 400 degrees Celsius that form elaborate chimneys and towers.
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Extremophile bacteria use the minerals to create organic substances that are the basis for unique ecosystems.
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As we descend further, we reach the deepest point of the abyssal plane at 6000 meters.
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For most of the seafloor, this is as deep as it gets.
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But if we want to get to the deepest point of the oceans, we're actually only halfway there.
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Let's enter the Hadel zone, the underworld of the sea.
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It consists of long narrow trenches that only make up around 0.25% of the oceans
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and are among the most extreme environments on Earth.
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Only extremophiles exist down here, like the ethereal snailfish that holds the record for the deepest living fish ever seen at around 8000 meters.
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We see spiky and sharp black rocks rush by as we sink down to more than 10,000.
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until we reach the final slope.
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A trench inside the larger Mariana Trench, with gently sloping sides that frame a valley about 1.6 kilometers wide.
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This is it.
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The deepest point.
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The Challenger Deep.
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11,000 meters below the surface.
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The water pressure here is 1,086 bar.
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Taking a swim here is like having to balance 1,800 elephants on top of you.
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But even here, life has found a way to thrive.
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Next to sea cucumbers, white and light pink amphipods wiggle their way through the water.
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Their size is astounding.
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While their shallow water cousins are merely a few centimeters long, the deep sea version can reach up to 30 centimeters.
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And there are other things floating elegantly through the water.
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Plastic bags that were found by scientists in 2018.
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Even the remotest place on Earth is not safe from human influence.
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There's nothing left to do now and our oxygen is running out, so we begin our ascent.
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After hours of travelling through dark nothingness, we finally see a glimpse of light.
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We arrive back at a calm surface.
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The oceans are so deep.
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There is so much of them.
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We owe it to ourselves and to our descendants to preserve them as well as we can.
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There are still so many wondrous things left to be discovered.
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This bird has magical powers.
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Let's see a demonstration.
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Bring in the latest scientific research.
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Wow, that's a lot of complicated stuff about the immune system and all its cells.
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How could someone possibly understand all of this?
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Incredible!
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This overview is delightful and easy to grasp, but still scientifically accurate.
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Let's make it a bit more difficult.
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Can she make all of evolution visible at a glance?
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This is brilliant!
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You can clearly see the relationships between species and how they evolved.
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And look at those illustrations!
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These posters are ready to be shared with the world.
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These very special pieces of Kurzgesagt are now available on our shop along with many other sciency products,
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all researched with care and created with love by the Burbs with magical powers.
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Every Kurzgesagt product you buy directly funds another moment we get to spend working on our videos.
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Thank you so much for being a part of our story and for making this channel possible.
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Почему стоит практиковать речь с этим видео?
Когда мы говорим о глубоководном океане, мы погружаемся в захватывающий мир, полный таинственных существ и удивительных явлений. Изучение этого видео не только помогает вам узнать больше о неизведанных уголках нашей планеты, но и предоставляет отличный контекст для практики разговорного английского. Слушая, как специалист делится своими знаниями, вы можете улучшить свои навыки восприятия на слух и развить уверенность в разговорной речи. Используя практику разговорного английского, вы сможете лучше понимать, как строятся предложения и в каком контексте используются определенные выражения.
Грамматика и выражения в контексте
- "It's hard to believe that..." - данная структура используется для выражения удивления и подчеркивания фактов. Это полезная конструкция, чтобы говорить о том, что вас поражает или удивляет.
- "As we sink down further..." - здесь использована временная форма Present Continuous для описания продолжающегося действия. Это помогает создать чувство процесса и глубины рассказа.
- "Which means there are basically no more plants..." - это предложение показывает связь между двумя событиями. Такие конструкции полезны для объяснения причинно-следственных связей в разговорной речи.
- "Many fish and other animals actually spend at least half their lives down here." - фраза иллюстрирует использование слова "actually" для подчеркивания фактов, и помогает придавать выражению уверенность.
Распространенные трудности произношения
При просмотре видео обратите внимание на некоторые трудные слова и акценты. Например, слово "siphonophore" может вызвать трудности, так как оно непривычное для носителей языка. Также, сочетание "bioluminescence" часто вызывает проблемы с произношением из-за своей длины и сложной структуры. Чтобы улучшить произношение английского, послушайте, как эти слова произносятся в контексте, и повторяйте за спикером. Использование техники shadow speak или shadowspeak может помочь вам закрепить правильное произношение. Практикуйте произношение в течение всего просмотра, чтобы лучше запомнить трудные моменты и улучшить ваши навыки.
Что такое техника Shadowing?
Shadowing — это научно обоснованная техника изучения языка, изначально разработанная для подготовки профессиональных переводчиков и популяризированная полиглотом доктором Александром Аргуэльесом. Метод прост, но эффективен: вы слушаете аудио на английском от носителей языка и немедленно повторяете вслух — как тень, следующая за говорящим с задержкой в 1–2 секунды. В отличие от пассивного прослушивания или грамматических упражнений, Shadowing заставляет мозг и мышцы рта одновременно обрабатывать и воспроизводить реальные речевые паттерны. Исследования показывают, что это значительно улучшает точность произношения, интонацию, ритм, связную речь, понимание на слух и беглость речи — что делает его одним из самых эффективных методов для подготовки к IELTS Speaking и реального общения на английском.