쉐도잉 연습: Why we all need subtitles now - YouTube로 영어 말하기 배우기

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I watch a lot of movies and TV on the train, at home [overlapping] at the movies, while working out, while doing dishes in the bath...
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I watch a lot of movies and TV on the train, at home [overlapping] at the movies, while working out, while doing dishes in the bath...
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But no matter where I'm watching I find myself constantly doing this one thing.
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[unintelligible] What?
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[unintelligible] [exhasperated sigh] [unintelligible] [exhasperated sigh] [unintelligible] Oh.
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It turns out this isn't unusual.
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We polled our YouTube audience and about 57% of people said that they feel like they can't understand the dialogue in the things that they watch unless they're using subtitles.
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But it feels like this hasn't always been the case.
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So to figure out what was going on, I made a call.
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Hi, my name is Austin Olivia Kendrick.
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I am a professional dialogue editor for film and TV.
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I basically perform audio surgery on actors words.
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Do you watch with subtitles?
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I– I do, actually.
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I do a lot of the time.
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So... Why do you think that we all feel like we need subtitles now?
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I get asked this question all the time.
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All the time.
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It's something that is...
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It doesn't have a simple, straightforward answer.
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It's very layered and very complex.
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And after talking to Austin for almost 2 hours, it's true.
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It's a very layered and complex topic.
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But everything kept pointing back to one main thing.
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Technology that got us from this...
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–I'll get you, my pretty. –You should be kissed and often.
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No, Richard, no. What has happened...
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To this. Mom, I just woke up.
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...little slim-waisted birdy...
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[unintelligible] Let's start with microphones.
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I'm going to use this clip from "Singin in the Rain" to show how mics used to work.
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Here's the mic, you talk towards it.
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The sound goes through the cable to the box.
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A man records it on a big record in wax.
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This scene illustrates some of the difficulties and intricacies early sound recordings.
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Mics were big, bulky, temperamental and required creative solutions to be hidden.
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They were wired and recorded onto hard memory like wax and eventually tape.
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No matter how many actors were in a scene all sound got recorded to one track.
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So performers had to be diligently focused and facing a certain angle so that their words could be picked up.
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Otherwise...
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[muted noise, as if from far away] [sudden sound up] [muted noise, as if from far away] [sudden sound up] You couldn't hear a thing.
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But technology's improved to the point where microphones don't impede performance as much anymore.
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They become better, smaller, wireless...
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and we use more of them to ensure that performances get captured.
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What we typically are working with from production dialogue is 2 boom microphones and then every actor has at least one lavaliere microphone hidden somewhere on them.
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These shrinking mics have given actors the flexibility to be more naturalistic in their performances.
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They no longer need to project so that their words reach the mic.
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They can speak softly, knowing that the tiny mic hidden on their body will pick up what they're saying.
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And my personal favorite example of this performance shift is Alec Baldwin on 30 Rock.
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In a 2011 speech slash roast, Tina Fey says that "He speaks so quietly that she can't hear him when she's standing next to him." "And then you play the film back and it's there somehow." Just listen to this whisper off between him and Will Arnett.
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I'm not afraid of you.
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Yeah. Well, you should be.
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Let's just see how it all shakes out in the meeting.
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Naturalism isn't always the best for intelligibility, though.
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Take Tom Hardy, an actor that I personally love but who famously is a mumbler.
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????????????
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I mean... the mic picked that line up fine.
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Like we can definitely hear that he's talking he's saying something.
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But once that mumble gets recorded it's on to a dialog editor's shoulder to make it as intelligible as possible.
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And that was a lot harder when everything was analog.
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While you could pick the best takes and physically splice them together.
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If some piece of dialog was truly impossible to understand then actors will come in and rerecord those specific lines in a process called ADR or automated dialog replacement which you can see Meryl Streep do in this scene from "Postcards from the Edge".
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There isn't enough money in the world to further cause like yours That still gets done today, but..
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ADR also costs money because you're not only paying for the actors time you're paying for the engineer's time and then the editor's time.
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So we try to do ADR, frankly, as little as possible.
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And so a lot of her job is making words sound better.
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The show I'm currently working on I remember in the middle of this one word there was just this loud metal clang that I couldn't remove.
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So I had to go in and I had to find an alternate take of it that fit and then I had to fit it...
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to the movement of her mouth in that moment and then push it in.
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And once she's done with it it's sent off to a mixer who works to make sure the frequencies of the sound effects and music don't overlap with the frequencies of the human voice something that's only possible now that the world has moved away from tape and into digital recordings.
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That is a big challenge.
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Carving out those frequencies, that space...
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amongst every other element of the mix for the dialogue to be able to punch through and not be all muddied up by any other sounds that exist in that band of frequencies.
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But even with all that work lines of dialog can still be hard to understand.
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The kind of feeling has been if you want your movie to feel quote unquote cinematic you have to have wall-to-wall bombastic, loud sound.
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A lot of people will ask like "Why don't you just turn the dialog up?" Like, just turn it up.
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And... if only it was that simple.
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Because a big thing that we want to preserve is a concept called dynamic range.
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The range between your quietest sound and your loudest sound.
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If you have your dialog, that's going to be at the same volume as an explosion that immediately follows it.
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The explosion is not going to feel as big.
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You need that contrast in volume in order to give your ear a sense of scale.
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But the thing is, you can only make something so loud before it gets distorted.
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So if you want to create that wide dynamic range you have no choice but to push those quieter sounds lower instead of pushing the louder sounds louder.
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So explosions go up and dialog comes down.
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Which brings us to the Christopher Nolan of it all.
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[loud music layered over] A seperate structure within the others— [Tom Hardy mumbling into a face mask] [rocket blasters layered over] Pushing out of orbit!
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Nearly every film of his has been criticized for its hard to hear dialogue that essentially begs for subtitles.
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But as as this headline explains, he likes it that way.
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According to an interview in a book called The Nolan Variations he said that he gets a lot of complaints.
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Even from other filmmakers who would say "I just saw your film and the dialogue is inaudible." "The truth was it was kind of the whole enchilada of how we had chosen to mix it." And in his 2017 interview with Indiewire, he said "We made the decision a couple of films ago that we weren't going to mix films for substandard theaters" And this is kind of the crux of the matter.
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The content that we watch here and here and here is not mixed for us, primarily.
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Rerecording mixers mix for the widest surround sound format that is available typically like big release films.
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That is Dolby Atmos....
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which has true 3D sound up to 128 channels.
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The thing is, if you're not at a movie theater that can showcase the best sound Hollywood has to offer...
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you can't experience all of those channels.
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So after the movie is mixed for the 128 Atmos tracks somebody has to create a separate version of the film's audio where all those same sounds live on one or two or five tracks.
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This is called downmixing.
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Downmixing is the process of taking that biggest mix and folding it down into formats with lesser channels available to it.
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So say Atmos down to 7.1 or 7.1 down to 5.1 or 5.1 down to stereo stereo down to mono.
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Unlike old TVs that were gigantic and had a ton of space for speakers TVs today are super thin like this one that I have in my living room is about the same thickness as my iPhone.
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So even though it's outputting the same mono or stereo sound that an older TV might, it's still going to sound worse because you have to have tiny little speakers to fit into this tiny, sleek form factor.
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These tiny speakers are also usually on the back of the TV.
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So the downmixed version of this movie that went from 128 channels down to just 2 is going to sound even muddier when it's pointing away from you.
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And when you're watching on your phone or a laptop...
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it's generally not much better.
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When you combine not great speakers, naturalistic mumbly performances dynamic range featuring bombastic sound over dialogue and a flattened mix...
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It's no wonder we have trouble hearing what's going on.
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And it seems like the industry knows this because TVs today are shipping with all kinds of settings built in like this intelligence mode.
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You can put on active voice amplification in hopes of making that dialog track come through just a little bit clear.
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But of course, that's more band aid than it is solution.
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The way movies get mixed likely isn't going to revert back to super pristine dialogue.
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So the solutions we have are, one: Buy better speakers and only go to theaters that have impeccable sound.
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Two: take a chill pill and try to just worry a little bit less about picking up every single word that gets said.
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Or, three...
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Just keep the subtitles on.
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For people who are deaf or hard of hearing subtitles make movies and TV shows accessible and this accessibility has just expanded in recent years.
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Laws have been passed to ensure that movie theaters have at least a few screenings a week with captions.
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Pretty much every streaming service has standardized them and speech recognition technology has made them accessible in pretty much every YouTube video and TikTok. [Which is partially how our subtitles are made!] Plus, they're super easy to toggle on and off.

맥락 및 배경

최근 조사에 따르면, 많은 사람들이 영화나 TV 프로그램의 대화를 자막 없이는 이해하기 어렵다고 느끼고 있습니다. 스피커인 올리비아 켄드릭은 전문적인 대화 편집자로서, 예전과 현재의 마이크 기술 발전이 이러한 현상에 어떻게 영향을 미쳤는지를 설명합니다. 대화가 제대로 전달되지 않을 때의 어려움을 이해하기 위해, 올리비아는 영화와 TV에서의 사운드 기술의 변화를 자세히 분석합니다. 이를 통해 배우들이 더 자연스러운 연기를 할 수 있게 된 과정을 보여줍니다. 이 대화는 영어 학습자들이 언어의 뉴앙스를 이해하는데 도움이 될 것입니다.

일상적인 의사소통을 위한 5가지 주요 표현

  • “이해할 수 없어요.” - 상대방이 무엇을 말하는지 명확히 듣지 못할 때 사용합니다.
  • “다시 한 번 말씀해 주실 수 있나요?” - 대화를 계속하기 위해 필요한 요청입니다.
  • “그 내용이 좀 복잡하네요.” - 대화의 복잡함에 대한 반응을 나타냅니다.
  • “자막이 필요해요.” - 상황에 따라 자막이 필요함을 표현하는 방법입니다.
  • “어떤 소리가 나나요?” - 원활한 대화를 위한 질문입니다.

단계별 섀도잉 가이드

영어 대화를 배우고자 할 때, shadowspeaks 기술을 사용하여 대화의 뉘앙스를 잡는 것이 중요합니다. 다음은 이 동영상의 내용을 이해하는 방법입니다:

  1. 이해하기: 먼저, 대화의 전반적인 맥락을 파악합니다. 동영상에서 할당된 대화와 관련된 기술적 배경을 이해하는 것부터 시작하세요.
  2. 반복하기: 자막과 함께 대화를 여러 번 들어보세요. 특히, 배우들의 발음을 주의 깊게 들어보면서 따라 발음해 보세요.
  3. 음성 따라하기: shadow speech 기법을 적용하여, 직접 따라 하며 말하는 연습을 합니다. 연기하는 듯한 목소리로 대화를 시도하면서 자연스럽도록 노력하세요.
  4. 녹음하기: 자신의 음성을 녹음해 보세요. 발음을 확인하고 개선할 수 있는 기회를 제공받습니다. 녹음한 내용을 들어보며 IELTS 스피킹 기술을 적용해보세요.
  5. 피드백 받기: 친구나 튜터에게 자신의 발음을 들어봐 달라고 요청합니다. 이를 통해 자신의 언어 사용을 개선할 수 있습니다.

이러한 접근 방식은 여러분의 영어 실력을 향상시키는 데 큰 도움이 될 것입니다. 다양한 상황에서 대화를 나누고, shadowing site를 활용하여 지속적으로 연습하세요. 더욱 효과적으로 언어를 익힐 수 있을 것입니다.

쉐도잉이란? 영어 실력을 빠르게 키우는 과학적 방법

쉐도잉(Shadowing)은 원래 전문 통역사 훈련을 위해 개발된 언어 학습 기법으로, 다언어 학자인 Dr. Alexander Arguelles에 의해 대중화된 방법입니다. 핵심 원리는 간단하지만 매우 강력합니다: 원어민의 영어를 들으면서 1~2초의 짧은 지연으로 즉시 소리 내어 따라 말하는 것——마치 '그림자(shadow)'처럼 화자를 따라가는 것입니다. 문법 공부나 수동적인 청취와 달리, 쉐도잉은 뇌와 입 근육이 동시에 실시간으로 영어를 처리하고 재현하도록 훈련합니다. 연구에 따르면 이 방법은 발음 정확도, 억양, 리듬, 연음, 청취력, 말하기 유창성을 크게 향상시킵니다. IELTS 스피킹 준비와 자연스러운 영어 소통을 원하는 분들에게 특히 효과적입니다.

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