Shadowing Practice: Building a Marsbase is a Horrible Idea: Let’s do it! - Learn English Speaking with Video
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From hostile deserts to lonely islands and the highest mountains, wherever there is space to expand into, humans do so.
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So, it's hardly surprising that we're already making preparations to set foot on Mars
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and to create the first permanent colony outside of Earth, maybe even terraform another planet and turn it into a second blue home. But wait!
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Before we can get to the nice future stuff, we first have to complete the second phase of colonization,
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outpost to prepare the ground for a larger human presence.
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But doing so will be gruesome.
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Even for an expansionist species like us, Mars is extreme.
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At first glance, Mars seems familiar.
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Polar ice caps, large valleys, liquid water under its surface, and a day barely longer than Earth's.
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The ideal place for us to go.
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Unfortunately, Mars is actually a cold, radioactive desert where the ground is poisonous and breathing is impossible.
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Mars is awful.
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You almost certainly don't want to go there.
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The pioneers doing the hard work on Mars will have an intensely stressful life filled with incredibly challenging problems never encountered before.
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But there are plenty of people willing to do that work, and we have the technology to enable them to do it.
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For this video, we will assume there have been prior missions to Mars to scout out a good place for an outpost,
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store resources and equipment, and that there's already a moon base that serves as a hub for Mars missions.
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outpost is the fact that Mars is very energy poor.
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Because of its distance from the Sun, solar power is only 40 % as effective as on Earth.
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But even this weakened sunlight is often obscured for days by enormous dust storms.
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Solar power alone will probably not be enough.
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Alternatives such as wind power and geothermal energy are also unfeasible as there is hardly technology might be the only option.
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Since Mars doesn't have easily accessible radioactive elements, the nuclear fuel needs to come from Earth along with the reactor.
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If we do set it up, it could power our small outpost for the first few years.
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Unfortunately, all that energy won't be very useful if we can't breathe.
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Mars's atmosphere is only 1 % as dense as Earth's and mostly made up of nitrogen and oxygen,
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which comes with more problems.
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Corners and flat walls are weak points, so the habitats will have rounded and smooth shapes to handle the stress of great pressure differences between the interior and exterior.
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The airlocks need to be very airtight and work perfectly every time.
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Without an extensive magnetosphere or a dense atmosphere, half of all radiation coming from space reaches the ground.
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A person on the surface would be subjected to 50 times the radiation that they would be on Earth.
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Three years on the surface of Mars exceeds the radiation dose limits imposed on NASA astronauts for their entire career.
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This increases cancer risks significantly.
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To prevent that, we could shield our habitats with a thick layer of frozen CO2
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that can be harvested directly from the atmosphere.
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Covering the dry ice with a meter of dirt would further increase the level of protection.
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Sadly, this means almost no windows.
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From the inside, most living spaces will be windowless tunnels.
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From the outside, they'll look like burial mounds.
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just enough to be survivable for long periods of time.
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It won't, however, protect anyone who ventures outside.
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So remote -controlled robots will be used for routine work on the surface, while our crew stays inside.
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Staying inside is a good idea for another reason: Mars Dust.
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It's much finer than dust on Earth, so it could find its way into the gears or electronics of our machines.
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Because it's also very dry, it's electrostatically charged, sticking to everything,
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It would be impossible to avoid carrying lots of Mars dust into our habitat and into the lungs of our crew.
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To make this even worse, Mars' soil is filled with very toxic perchlorate salts.
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Constant exposure could be deadly.
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This problem can still be overcome though.
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Space suits, for example, could be made in a way that they never truly enter the base, but stay attached to the outside of the habitats.
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Okay, great.
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them from cancer, we just need to feed them.
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Water is easy to come by if a settlement is positioned near the Martian poles with their thick layers of ice.
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Growing food is a different kind of challenge though.
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Mars' soils are alkaline and lack the vital nitrogen compounds that plants need to grow.
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Before we can grow anything, we will have to decontaminate the soil, which is difficult and expensive.
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Then the soil can be fertilized using recycled All of this will take a lot of time and is very energy intensive.
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So we might use aquaponics to raise fish and plants together, making the astronauts' diets more varied and tasty at the same time.
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This will be an important psychological boost for our overworked crew.
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All of these things don't solve one fundamental problem though.
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Mars has only 38 % of Earth's surface gravity, which could cause muscle wasting,
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bone loss, While this might be solved in the future by setting up rotating living spaces,
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for now our crew has to live with low gravity and exercise a lot to slow the degradation down.
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The crews will probably have to rotate every few years, after being stuck indoors in tight spaces without windows,
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with the same people, performing the same routines day in day out, with little contact from the outside world and a lot to worry about.
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undergo intense psychological screening to make sure they are mentally resilient enough to handle this lifestyle for several years.
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Establishing the first real infrastructure on Mars will be extremely taxing work
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that only a group of very determined and competent people can do.
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Luckily, we have enough of these on Earth.
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And there you have it, a small Mars base that will survive for at least a few decades.
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As from Earth.
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Unfortunately, Mars and Earth are separated by millions of kilometers
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and orbital periods that leave only a narrow travel window every two years.
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If there's an emergency in the colony, Earth wouldn't be able to help until the next travel window opens.
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Helpers may arrive on a planet filled with corpses.
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Settling Mars will be the toughest challenge we have ever faced.
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It will like extreme challenges.
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If we push through phase two of colonization, anything is possible.
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Cities illuminating the dark Martian night, a hub for travel between the planets, industries setting foot in orbit,
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terraforming, a true multi -planetary future.
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Going to Mars is hard but worth it, and if we're lucky, we might be around long enough to see it happening
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and cheer on the people who take on these challenges for the benefit of us all.
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Woordenschat en spreektips bij deze les
Deze spreekles op niveau C1 is gebaseerd op de video “Building a Marsbase is a Horrible Idea: Let’s do it!”. Deze woorden komen het vaakst terug: Mars, Earth, space, crew, surface. Deze video bevat 82 zinnen en 1146 woorden om na te spreken. Het gesproken deel duurt 7:54. De spreker praat in een gelijkmatig tempo van ongeveer 145 woorden per minuut, prettig om te shadowen. Slechts 79% van de woorden hoort bij de 3.000 meest gebruikte Engelse woorden, dus de woordenschat is pittig.
Belangrijke woorden in deze video
De 15 moeilijkste woorden uit de video, met uitspraak en betekenis:
| Woord | Uitspraak | Betekenis |
|---|---|---|
| outpost zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈaʊtˌpoʊst/ | voorpost, buitenpost |
| colonization zelfstandig naamwoord | /kɔlənɪˈzɛjʃən/ | kolonisatie |
| rotate werkwoord | /ˈɹoʊ.teɪt/ | roteren, ronddraaien |
| astronaut zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈæstɹəˌnɔt/ | ruimtevaarder, astronaut |
| radioactive bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /ˌɹeɪdioʊˈæktɪv/ | radioactief |
| nitrogen zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈnaɪ.tɹə.d͡ʒən/ | stikstof |
| dense bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /ˈdɛns/ | dicht |
| airlock zelfstandig naamwoord | druksluis, luchtsluis | |
| airtight bijvoeglijk naamwoord | luchtdicht, hermetisch | |
| aquaponics zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˌɑkwəˈpɑnɪks/ | aquaponics |
| fertilize werkwoord | /ˈfɜː(ɹ)tɪlaɪz/ | bemesten |
| geothermal bijvoeglijk naamwoord | geothermisch | |
| gruesome bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /ˈɡɹusəm/ | gruwzaam, afgrijselijk |
| helper zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈhɛlpɚ/ | helper, helpster |
| illuminate werkwoord | /ɪˈl(j)umɪneɪt/ | belichten |
Phrasal verbs die je zult horen
| Woord | Uitspraak | Betekenis |
|---|---|---|
| set up werkwoord | /ˌsɛt ˈʌp/ | bereiden, voorbereiden |
Grammatica in deze video
De structuren die de spreker het meest gebruikt, met de exacte woorden uit de video:
| Structuur | In de video |
|---|---|
| Lijdende vorm be + voltooid deelwoord — het gaat om wat er gebeurt, niet om wie het doet | is often obscured · would be subjected · can be harvested |
| Present perfect have/has + voltooid deelwoord — iets uit het verleden dat nu nog telt | have been · have rounded · have ever faced |
| Betrekkelijke bijzinnen who / which + zin — extra informatie over een persoon of ding | anyone who ventures · soil, which is · people who take |
Uitspraak om op te letten
De spreker gebruikt 10 samentrekkingen en verkorte vormen, zoals don't, we're, won't. Spreek ze kort uit, zoals je ze hoort.
- De klanken “sh” en “zh”: colonization /kɔlənɪˈzɛjʃən/, expansionist /ɪkˈspæn.ʃən.ɪst/, degradation /ˌdɛɡɹəˈdeɪʃən/
- Lange woorden — let op de klemtoon: colonization /kɔlənɪˈzɛjʃən/, radioactive /ˌɹeɪdioʊˈæktɪv/, aquaponics /ˌɑkwəˈpɑnɪks/, decontaminate /diːkənˈtæmɪneɪt/, expansionist /ɪkˈspæn.ʃən.ɪst/
Klanken die Nederlandstaligen lastig vinden:
- Stemhebbende eindmedeklinker — /b/, /d/, /g/, /z/, /v/ niet verscherpen: radioactive /ˌɹeɪdioʊˈæktɪv/, fertilize /ˈfɜː(ɹ)tɪlaɪz/, mound /maʊnd/, indoors /ɪnˈdɔɹz/, exceed /ɪkˈsiːd/
- /æ/ — opener dan de Nederlandse “e”: habitat /ˈhæb.ɪ.tæt/, astronaut /ˈæstɹəˌnɔt/, radioactive /ˌɹeɪdioʊˈæktɪv/, alkaline /ˈæl.kə.laɪn/, decontaminate /diːkənˈtæmɪneɪt/
- /g/ — een harde plofklank, geen Nederlandse “g”: gruesome /ˈɡɹusəm/, magnetosphere /mæɡˈni.təˌsfɪr/, degradation /ˌdɛɡɹəˈdeɪʃən/, undergo /ˌʌndɚˈɡoʊ/, glance /ɡlæns/
Zo oefen je met deze video
- Luister de hele video één keer zonder te spreken en noteer de woorden die je niet kent.
- Spreek zin voor zin na op normale snelheid en herhaal elke zin tot je ritme gelijk is aan dat van de spreker.
- Neem jezelf op en vergelijk met het origineel; let daarbij op woorden als outpost, colonization, rotate.
Wat is de Shadowing-techniek?
Shadowing is een wetenschappelijk onderbouwde taalleermethode die oorspronkelijk is ontwikkeld voor professionele tolkentraining en gepopulariseerd door polyglot Dr. Alexander Arguelles. De methode is eenvoudig maar krachtig: je luistert naar native Engelse audio en herhaalt het onmiddellijk hardop — als een schaduw die de spreker volgt met slechts 1–2 seconden vertraging. In tegenstelling tot passief luisteren of grammaticadrills, dwingt shadowing je hersenen en mondspieren om echte spraakpatronen tegelijkertijd te verwerken en te reproduceren. Onderzoek toont aan dat het de uitspraaknauwkeurigheid, intonatie, ritme, verbonden spraak, luisterbegrip en spreekvaardigheid aanzienlijk verbetert — waardoor het een van de meest effectieve methoden is voor IELTS Speaking-voorbereiding en echte Engelse communicatie.