Pratique du Shadowing: Building a Marsbase is a Horrible Idea: Let’s do it! - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo
Création de la leçon...
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From hostile deserts to lonely islands and the highest mountains, wherever there is space to expand into, humans do so.
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So, it's hardly surprising that we're already making preparations to set foot on Mars
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and to create the first permanent colony outside of Earth, maybe even terraform another planet and turn it into a second blue home. But wait!
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Before we can get to the nice future stuff, we first have to complete the second phase of colonization,
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outpost to prepare the ground for a larger human presence.
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But doing so will be gruesome.
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Even for an expansionist species like us, Mars is extreme.
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At first glance, Mars seems familiar.
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Polar ice caps, large valleys, liquid water under its surface, and a day barely longer than Earth's.
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The ideal place for us to go.
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Unfortunately, Mars is actually a cold, radioactive desert where the ground is poisonous and breathing is impossible.
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Mars is awful.
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You almost certainly don't want to go there.
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The pioneers doing the hard work on Mars will have an intensely stressful life filled with incredibly challenging problems never encountered before.
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But there are plenty of people willing to do that work, and we have the technology to enable them to do it.
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For this video, we will assume there have been prior missions to Mars to scout out a good place for an outpost,
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store resources and equipment, and that there's already a moon base that serves as a hub for Mars missions.
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outpost is the fact that Mars is very energy poor.
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Because of its distance from the Sun, solar power is only 40 % as effective as on Earth.
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But even this weakened sunlight is often obscured for days by enormous dust storms.
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Solar power alone will probably not be enough.
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Alternatives such as wind power and geothermal energy are also unfeasible as there is hardly technology might be the only option.
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Since Mars doesn't have easily accessible radioactive elements, the nuclear fuel needs to come from Earth along with the reactor.
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If we do set it up, it could power our small outpost for the first few years.
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Unfortunately, all that energy won't be very useful if we can't breathe.
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Mars's atmosphere is only 1 % as dense as Earth's and mostly made up of nitrogen and oxygen,
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which comes with more problems.
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Corners and flat walls are weak points, so the habitats will have rounded and smooth shapes to handle the stress of great pressure differences between the interior and exterior.
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The airlocks need to be very airtight and work perfectly every time.
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Without an extensive magnetosphere or a dense atmosphere, half of all radiation coming from space reaches the ground.
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A person on the surface would be subjected to 50 times the radiation that they would be on Earth.
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Three years on the surface of Mars exceeds the radiation dose limits imposed on NASA astronauts for their entire career.
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This increases cancer risks significantly.
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To prevent that, we could shield our habitats with a thick layer of frozen CO2
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that can be harvested directly from the atmosphere.
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Covering the dry ice with a meter of dirt would further increase the level of protection.
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Sadly, this means almost no windows.
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From the inside, most living spaces will be windowless tunnels.
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From the outside, they'll look like burial mounds.
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just enough to be survivable for long periods of time.
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It won't, however, protect anyone who ventures outside.
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So remote -controlled robots will be used for routine work on the surface, while our crew stays inside.
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Staying inside is a good idea for another reason: Mars Dust.
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It's much finer than dust on Earth, so it could find its way into the gears or electronics of our machines.
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Because it's also very dry, it's electrostatically charged, sticking to everything,
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It would be impossible to avoid carrying lots of Mars dust into our habitat and into the lungs of our crew.
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To make this even worse, Mars' soil is filled with very toxic perchlorate salts.
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Constant exposure could be deadly.
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This problem can still be overcome though.
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Space suits, for example, could be made in a way that they never truly enter the base, but stay attached to the outside of the habitats.
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Okay, great.
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them from cancer, we just need to feed them.
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Water is easy to come by if a settlement is positioned near the Martian poles with their thick layers of ice.
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Growing food is a different kind of challenge though.
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Mars' soils are alkaline and lack the vital nitrogen compounds that plants need to grow.
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Before we can grow anything, we will have to decontaminate the soil, which is difficult and expensive.
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Then the soil can be fertilized using recycled All of this will take a lot of time and is very energy intensive.
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So we might use aquaponics to raise fish and plants together, making the astronauts' diets more varied and tasty at the same time.
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This will be an important psychological boost for our overworked crew.
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All of these things don't solve one fundamental problem though.
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Mars has only 38 % of Earth's surface gravity, which could cause muscle wasting,
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bone loss, While this might be solved in the future by setting up rotating living spaces,
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for now our crew has to live with low gravity and exercise a lot to slow the degradation down.
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The crews will probably have to rotate every few years, after being stuck indoors in tight spaces without windows,
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with the same people, performing the same routines day in day out, with little contact from the outside world and a lot to worry about.
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undergo intense psychological screening to make sure they are mentally resilient enough to handle this lifestyle for several years.
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Establishing the first real infrastructure on Mars will be extremely taxing work
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that only a group of very determined and competent people can do.
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Luckily, we have enough of these on Earth.
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And there you have it, a small Mars base that will survive for at least a few decades.
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As from Earth.
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Unfortunately, Mars and Earth are separated by millions of kilometers
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and orbital periods that leave only a narrow travel window every two years.
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If there's an emergency in the colony, Earth wouldn't be able to help until the next travel window opens.
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Helpers may arrive on a planet filled with corpses.
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Settling Mars will be the toughest challenge we have ever faced.
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It will like extreme challenges.
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If we push through phase two of colonization, anything is possible.
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Cities illuminating the dark Martian night, a hub for travel between the planets, industries setting foot in orbit,
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terraforming, a true multi -planetary future.
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Going to Mars is hard but worth it, and if we're lucky, we might be around long enough to see it happening
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and cheer on the people who take on these challenges for the benefit of us all.
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Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon
Cette leçon d’expression orale de niveau C1 s’appuie sur la vidéo « Building a Marsbase is a Horrible Idea: Let’s do it! ». Les mots qui reviennent le plus souvent : Mars, Earth, space, crew, surface. Cette vidéo contient 82 phrases et 1146 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 7:54. Le locuteur parle à un rythme régulier d’environ 145 mots par minute, confortable pour le shadowing. Seuls 79 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais, le vocabulaire est donc exigeant.
Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo
Les 15 mots les plus avancés de la vidéo, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| outpost nom | /ˈaʊtˌpoʊst/ | avant-poste, poste avancé |
| colonization nom | /kɔlənɪˈzɛjʃən/ | colonisation |
| rotate verbe | /ˈɹoʊ.teɪt/ | tourner, rotationner |
| astronaut nom | /ˈæstɹəˌnɔt/ | astronaute |
| radioactive adjectif | /ˌɹeɪdioʊˈæktɪv/ | radioactif |
| nitrogen nom | /ˈnaɪ.tɹə.d͡ʒən/ | azote |
| dense adjectif | /ˈdɛns/ | dense |
| airlock nom | sas | |
| airtight adjectif | hermétique, étanche | |
| alkaline adjectif | /ˈæl.kə.laɪn/ | alcalin |
| aquaponics nom | /ˌɑkwəˈpɑnɪks/ | aquaponie |
| decontaminate verbe | /diːkənˈtæmɪneɪt/ | décontaminer |
| expansionist adjectif | /ɪkˈspæn.ʃən.ɪst/ | expansionniste |
| fertilize verbe | /ˈfɜː(ɹ)tɪlaɪz/ | fertiliser |
| geothermal adjectif | géothermique |
Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| set up verbe | /ˌsɛt ˈʌp/ | mettre en place, installer |
La grammaire de cette vidéo
Les structures que le locuteur utilise le plus, avec les mots exacts de la vidéo :
| Structure | Dans la vidéo |
|---|---|
| Voix passive be + participe passé — l’accent est mis sur ce qui arrive, pas sur qui le fait | is often obscured · would be subjected · can be harvested |
| Present perfect have/has + participe passé — une action passée qui compte encore maintenant | have been · have rounded · have ever faced |
| Propositions relatives who / which + proposition — une précision sur une personne ou une chose | anyone who ventures · soil, which is · people who take |
Prononciation à surveiller
Le locuteur utilise 10 contractions et formes réduites, comme don't, we're, won't. Prononcez-les sous leur forme courte, telles que vous les entendez.
- Les sons « sh » et « zh »: colonization /kɔlənɪˈzɛjʃən/, expansionist /ɪkˈspæn.ʃən.ɪst/, degradation /ˌdɛɡɹəˈdeɪʃən/
- Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: colonization /kɔlənɪˈzɛjʃən/, radioactive /ˌɹeɪdioʊˈæktɪv/, aquaponics /ˌɑkwəˈpɑnɪks/, decontaminate /diːkənˈtæmɪneɪt/, expansionist /ɪkˈspæn.ʃən.ɪst/
Les sons difficiles pour les francophones :
- /h/ — il se souffle, il n’est pas muet: habitat /ˈhæb.ɪ.tæt/, helper /ˈhɛlpɚ/, harvest /ˈhɑɹ.vəst/, hostile /ˈhɑstəl/
- /tʃ/ et /dʒ/ — à ne pas adoucir en « ch » et « j »: nitrogen /ˈnaɪ.tɹə.d͡ʒən/, attach /əˈtæt͡ʃ/
- /r/ anglais — langue recourbée, sans frotter la gorge: rotate /ˈɹoʊ.teɪt/, astronaut /ˈæstɹəˌnɔt/, radioactive /ˌɹeɪdioʊˈæktɪv/, nitrogen /ˈnaɪ.tɹə.d͡ʒən/, fertilize /ˈfɜː(ɹ)tɪlaɪz/
Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo
- Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
- Répétez phrase par phrase à vitesse normale, en reprenant chacune jusqu’à ce que votre rythme corresponde à celui du locuteur.
- Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme outpost, colonization, rotate.
Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?
Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.