Shadowing Practice: ENGLISH VOCABULARY - CLOTHES! - Learn English Speaking with Video
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Today I'm going to teach you all the words we use in English for clothing.
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Welcome to this Vocabulary Builder video.
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We're going to go over lots of articles of clothing so you can increase your English vocabulary.
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We'll also talk about the pronunciation of words so you can feel confident using them in conversation.
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The first word is.. button down.
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First of all, I'm wearing a button -down.
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This is what we call a shirt like this, with buttons down the front and a collar.
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Sometimes it has a pocket.
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Wow, I chose a hard first word.
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Most Americans will pronounce button with a stop T.
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This is because of the pattern T schwa N.
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Most Americans make that a stop T.
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Button, Put your tongue up for the T, but, stop the air, and then make the N sound.
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Button, button down.
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I have a video that goes over the T, schwa, N combination in the word mountain.
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Click here or in the description below.
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Button, button down.
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Try those with me.
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Button, button down.
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First of all, I'm wearing a button -down.
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This is what we call a shirt like this with buttons down the front and a collar.
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Sometimes it has a pocket.
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This can also be called a dress shirt.
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Dress shirt.
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Okay, what's interesting here is you can either say the S, dress shirt, or you can drop it,
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connect the two words, and just say the SH, dress shirt, dress shirt shirt.
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You can definitely do that and it will still sound normal.
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Dress shirt.
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Try that with me.
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Dress shirt.
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This is also a little tricky because it has two R's and those can be a challenge.
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If they're hard for you, practice holding out the R.
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Dress shirt.
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Shirt.
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Notice Notice in the second word there is no vowel, it's the R vowel, sh -r -t, shirt, shirt.
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Dress shirt, dress shirt.
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Say that with me now out loud, dress shirt.
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This can also be called a dress shirt.
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First of all, let's start with the first layer.
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Now I'm not going to show you my underwear because that would just be weird, but we have underwear, underwear another tricky one with two R's in it.
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Again, hold out the R's to practice.
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Underwear.
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Make sure you have jaw drop for that EH vowel before the second R consonant.
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Wear.
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Underwear.
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Underwear say it with me.
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Underwear.
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But we have underwear.
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Another term for it is panties.
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Some people hate that term.
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Panties.
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Oh boy, this word.
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I don't actually use it.
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I use underwear.
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Something to note about the pronunciation.
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It's not uncommon to drop the T after an N sound.
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So you can either pronounce this word with a true T, panties.
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Or no T at all, Panties.
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Try that with me.
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Panties.
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Panties.
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Another term for it is panties.
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Some people hate that term.
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Undergarments.
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That's not as common.
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Undergarments.
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You may see this word on a sign like, keep your undergarments on while trying on swimwear.
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But we really don't say it.
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We don't use it very much.
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It's tough to pronounce, so let's just not worry about it.
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Undergarments, that's not as common.
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Women wear a bra.
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The full word is brassiere, but almost no one says that.
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Bra, brassiere.
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We usually use the word bra with the AH vowel, bra.
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But in the word brassiere, we don't have the AH vowel.
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It's the schwa in the first syllable, bruh, bruh, brazier, bra.
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Say those with me.
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Brazier, bra.
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Women wear a bra.
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The full word is brazier, but almost no one says that.
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And then men can wear boxers, boxers.
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Did you know there's no X sound in American English?
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The letter X is either the KS sounds together like an extra, x, or the GZ sounds together like an exactly, x.
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In boxers, it's the KS sounds.
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Boxers.
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Boxers.
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Say that with me.
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Boxers.
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And then men can wear boxers or briefs.
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Briefs.
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We have two vowel letters here, but they're just making one vowel sound, the E vowel.
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Briefs.
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If R gives you problems in a cluster, remember to hold it out.
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Brrrreefs.
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Briefs.
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Try it with me.
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Briefs.
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Briefs.
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Socks.
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Socks.
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Socks.
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The letter O here makes the AH as in father vowel.
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Saw.
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Lots of jaw drop.
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Socks.
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Say it out loud.
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Socks.
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Socks.
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You can have just little athletic socks for running.
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You can have dress socks to wear with your suit or a more dressy outfit.
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You can have boot socks or knee -high socks that you would wear with a boot that came up your leg.
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Dress socks, boot socks, knee -high socks.
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Notice how the S at the end of dress leads you right into the S of socks with no break.
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Dress socks, dress socks.
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And no, you don't have to try to make it an extra long S, just one S sound.
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Try that with me.
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Dress socks.
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Boot socks.
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The T here is a stop T, because the next word begins with a consonant.
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Boot.
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Stop the air.
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Boot socks.
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Boot socks.
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Try that now.
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Boot socks.
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Knee -high socks.
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We have three words here, but they should all flow together.
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We don't want separation.
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Knee -high socks.
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It's like one word with three syllables.
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Knee -high socks.
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Notice the K is silent.
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Knee -high socks.
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Try that with me.
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Knee -high socks.
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You can have dress socks to wear with your suit or a more dressy outfit.
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You can have boot socks or knee -high socks that you would wear with a boot that came up your leg.
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This is an undershirt and it's a common thing for men to wear under a dress shirt.
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Undershirt.
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It's the under part from underwear and the shirt part from dress shirt.
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Remember, the R is the vowel in shirt.
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Shirt.
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Shirt.
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Undershirt.
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Say that with me.
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Undershirt.
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This is an undershirt and it's a common thing for men to wear under a dress shirt.
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Your basic T -shirt.
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T -shirt.
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Once you've got shirt down, this one's pretty easy.
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T -shirt.
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Say it with me.
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T -shirt.
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Your basic T -shirt.
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Long sleeve T -shirt, of course, has long sleeves.
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Long sleeve T -shirt.
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You don't have to pronounce the D in long sleeved.
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It comes between two other consonants, and sometimes we drop T's and Ds when that happens.
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Long -sleeve T -shirt.
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Long -sleeve T -shirt.
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Say that with me.
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Long -sleeve T -shirt.
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Long -sleeve T -shirt, of course, has long sleeves.
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You know what I realized I forgot?
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The neckline with the T -shirt.
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When it's shaped like this, we call it a V -neck T -shirt.
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V -neck.
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V -neck.
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Say that with me.
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V -neck.
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This is a tank top.
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Tank top.
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We don't fully pronounce the K here.
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K. We just do a quick stop of air like we do with a stop T.
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Tank top.
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Tank top.
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Tank top.
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And that vowel in tank.
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It's the AA vowel followed by an NG sound.
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That That NG sound really changes the vowel.
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It ends up sounding much more like the A diphthong, tay, tank, tank top.
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Try that with me, tank top.
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This is a tank top.
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Now you could also have a shirt that didn't have any straps.
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It was just tight here and then came down that would be called a strapless shirt.
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Strapless.
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It has the word less in it, but we don't pronounce it like that.
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We pronounce it less.
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Quickly, it's unstressed.
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Strapless.
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Say it out loud with me.
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Strapless.
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If it's strapless and it's tight all the way down, then we call it a tube top.
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Tube top.
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Don't release the B, just close the lips tube, top, then open right into the T sound.
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Tube top.
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Try that with me.
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Tube top.
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This is a nice, old, comfy sweatshirt.
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So it's made out of this thick material, really cozy.
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This one has a hood, they don't have to.
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Sweatshirt.
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You don't need to fully pronounce either one of those T's.
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You can make them both stops.
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Sweatshirt.
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Sweatshirt.
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Abrupt stops give us the idea that it's a T.
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Sweatshirt.
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Say that with me.
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Sweatshirt.
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This is a nice, old, comfy sweatshirt.
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So it's made out of this thick material, really cozy.
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This one has a hood.
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They don't have to.
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And this is not quite the same thing as a hoodie.
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A hoodie has a hood, and then it zips up the front.
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So this is David's big ol' hoodie.
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Hoodie.
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Hoodie.
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Careful, the double O here is not the OO vowel like in proof, OO, it's the UH vowel like in book.
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UH.
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UH, not OO.
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HUH.
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HUH.
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Hoodie.
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Hoodie.
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Say that with me.
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Hoodie.
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A hoodie has a hood and then it zips up the front.
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So this is David's big ol' hoodie.
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This would be a sleeveless shirt, so it's not a tank top, but it doesn't have sleeves.
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Sleeveless shirt.
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Just like strapless, the second syllable is unstressed, LESS.
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It should be said quickly.
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Sleeveless.
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Say that with me.
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Sleeveless.
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This would be a sleeveless shirt, so it's not a tank top, but it doesn't have sleeves.
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dress, dress.
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The thing that's interesting about the DR cluster is that it can sound like JR, and that's right.
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So it can be d, dress, or j, dress.
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If you're not sure about your R, hold it out.
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Dress, dress, dress.
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I'm making it with a J sound.
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I think that's more common.
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Dress.
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Say it with me.
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Dress.
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Dress.
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This is a jumper.
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I think there are a couple different terms for it, but basically it's one piece.
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It's not separate top and bottom, but it's also not a dress.
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It's like pants or shorts.
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Jumper or one piece.
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I've We've also seen this called a romper.
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The trick with the ER ending sounds is to make the R sound, but make it really quickly, since it's in an unstressed syllable.
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Jumper, rr, rr, jumper, romper, rr, rr, romper.
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Try those with me.
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Jumper, romper.
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This is a jumper.
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I think there are a couple different terms for it, but basically it's one piece.
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It's not separate top and bottom, but it's also not a dress, it's like pants or shorts.
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One piece.
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Right from the N into the P with no break, we don't want this to be choppy.
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One piece.
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One piece.
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Try that with me.
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One piece.
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But basically it's one piece.
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This is a sweater.
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Sweater.
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Sweater.
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We have a flap T here because the T comes between two vowels.
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So it's not sweater with a true T, but sweater.
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Flap with a flap T.
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Try that with me.
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Sweater.
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This is a sweater.
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And this is also a sweater, but you would probably call it a wrap.
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It's one of these things that you put on and it doesn't close up in the front, but you kind kind of wrap it like that.
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Wrap.
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The W in the WR cluster is silent.
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Just begin with the R sound.
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Wrap.
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Wrap.
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Say it out loud with me.
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Wrap.
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And this is also a sweater but you would probably call it a wrap.
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It's one of these things that you put on and it doesn't close up in the front, but you kind of wrap it like that.
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Jeans.
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Jeans.
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Do you love jeans as much as I do?
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Jeans with the E vowel, G, jeans.
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Here the plural is a Z sound, but it's light, it's weak, don't give it much energy.
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Jeans.
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Jeans.
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Now these genes are a little different, they're maternity.
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So maternity refers to anything that's made especially for pregnant women.
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And these are left over from my stony days.
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Maternity.
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First T is a true T, second T is a flap T.
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Why?
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They both come between vowels.
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Yes, but a T is always a true T when it starts a stressed syllable.
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Maternity.
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Maternity.
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Say that with me.
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Maternity.
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Now these genes are a little different.
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They're maternity.
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So maternity refers to anything that's made especially for pregnant women.
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These are leftover from my stony days.
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Sweatpants.
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Sweatpants.
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Just like sweatshirt, the T in sweat is a stop T because the next sound is a consonant.
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Sweatpants.
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Sweatpants.
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Say that with me.
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Sweatpants.
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Sweatpants.
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shorts.
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Shorts.
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So these could be called running shorts, athletic shorts, soccer shorts, whatever you use them for.
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Workout clothes.
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Shorts.
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All kinds of shorts.
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The vowel in shorts is the AW as in LAW vowel.
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But when this vowel is followed by R, it's pretty different different.
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The lips round more and the tongue pulls back a little bit more.
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Oh, oh, instead of ah, ah.
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Oh, oh.
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Shorts.
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Shorts.
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Say it with me.
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Shorts.
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I also said workout clothes.
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The word clothes has the voiced TH, clothes, but you know what?
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Drop it.
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Americans almost always drop the TH in this word, clothes.
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So now it sounds just like this word, clothes.
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Yes, they will sound the same, that's okay.
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Say it with me.
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Clothes.
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So these could be called running shorts, athletic shorts, soccer shorts, whatever you use them for.
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Workout clothes, pants, you could also call them dress pants.
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Pants.
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Dress pants.
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We have the AA vowel followed by the N consonant.
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All nasal consonants change the AA vowel.
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Rather than AH, it's AH, AH.
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The tongue relaxes in the back before the N.
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PAN, PA, pants, pants, pants.
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Try that with me.
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Pants.
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Pants, you could also call them dress pants.
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These are khakis.
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Khakis.
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The H is silent.
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Khakis.
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Say that with me.
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Khakis.
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These are khakis.
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These are swim trunks for men.
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You could also call it just a swimsuit.
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Swim trunks.
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The TR cluster can be pronounced CHR.
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That's common.
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So you can say tt, trunks.
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Or you can say ch, trunks.
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Swim trunks.
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Swim.
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Note this is the IH vowel, not the EE vowel.
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Swim.
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IH, IH.
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More relaxed.
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Swim trunks.
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Say that with me.
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Swim trunks.
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Swimsuit.
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If an ending T like this is at the end of a thought group, it sounds nice to make it a stop T.
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Swimsuit.
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Swimsuit.
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Try that with me.
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Swimsuit.
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You could also say, bathing suit.
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This word is tricky because it has a TH sound.
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This TH sound is voiced and just the very tip of your tongue comes through the teeth.
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Ba -v -v -v -v -v -v -v -v -v -v
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-v -v -v -v -v -v -v -v -v -v -v
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-v -v -v -v -v -v -v -v -v -v -v
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-v -v -v -v -v -v -v -v -v -v -v
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-v -v -v -v -v -v -v -v -v -v -v
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-v -v -v -v -v -v -v -v -v -v -v
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-v -v -v -v -v -v -v -v -v -v -v
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-v -v -v -v -v -v -v -v -v -v -v
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-v -v -v -v -v -v -v -v -v -v -v
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-v -v -v -v -v -v
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-v -v -v
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-v -v
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- we
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were talking about shirts.
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And then you can also have a bikini, that's two -piece.
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You will never catch me in one of these in one of my videos.
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Bikini, two -piece.
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In bikini we have three letter I's, but the first one is the schwa.
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Bikini.
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Say that with me.
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Bikini.
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Two -piece.
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Two with the T consonant and the U vowel.
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Let your lips be more relaxed and then round into the position.
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U Two.
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The movement of the rounding in is a very nice relaxed sound, rather than two, two, where your lips are tight in the position the whole time.
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Relaxed, then round.
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Two.
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Two -piece.
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And then you can also have a bikini.
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That's two -piece.
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You will never catch me in one of these in one of my videos.
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When I'm at the beach, I also like to wear one of these.
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It's called a rash guard, and it's a shirt made out of bathing suit material that can protect you from the sun.
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Rash guard.
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Remember to hold out your R's if they're tricky for you.
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Rrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr R.
426
Gar.
427
Guard.
428
Say it out loud.
429
Rash guard.
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When I'm at the beach, I also like to wear one of these.
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It's called a rash guard, and it's a shirt made out of bathing suit material that can protect you from the sun.
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This is a suit, so it's a jacket or suit coat and pants.
433
Suit, pants, jacket, suit coat.
434
Suit.
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If the next word begins with a consonant, remember this ending T will be a stop T.
436
Suit pants, suit jacket, suit coat.
437
Say those with me.
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Suit pants, suit jacket, suit coat.
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If you're confused about the difference between a stop T and just leaving the T out, I've made a video for you.
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There is a difference.
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Please check it out.
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Either click here or in the description below.
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I forgot to show one of David's ties.
444
This is a tie.
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True T I diphthong.
446
Tie.
447
Tie.
448
Say that with me.
449
Tie.
450
This is a suit.
451
So it's a jacket or suit coat and pants.
452
Now there's also something called a blazer and it's cut like a suit jacket
453
but it's a little bit more casual and it's not part of a set.
454
Both men and women can wear suits or blazers and women's suits can come with pants or skirts.
455
Blazer.
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The letter A makes the A diphthong.
457
Diphthong means two positions.
458
Jaw drop, then tongue arching towards the roof of the mouth.
459
A, A, blay, blazer.
460
Say that out loud with me.
461
Blazer.
462
Now there's also something called a blazer, and it's cut like a suit jacket, but it's a little bit more casual and it's not part of a set.
463
And when women are getting more dressy, sometimes they wear hose or pantyhose.
464
Hose or pantyhose.
465
Panty, when said with hose, pretty much always has a dropped T.
466
Pantyhose.
467
Hose has the O diphthong.
468
Two positions.
469
Jaw then lip rounding.
470
O. O.
471
Hose.
472
Say that with me.
473
Hose.
474
Pantyhose.
475
And when women are getting more dressy, sometimes they wear hose or pantyhose.
476
Now I'll use some of Stoney's clothes.
477
These are overalls.
478
Believe it or not, I don't own any overalls, so I had to use Stoney's as an example of what are overalls?
479
Overalls.
480
Two tricky sounds.
481
The OH diphthong.
482
Make sure you have jaw drop and lip rounding.
483
Oh.
484
Overalls.
485
And the dark L at the end.
486
Alls.
487
Not all.
488
Alls.
489
With the tongue tip moving up.
490
Actually, the tongue tip should stay down the whole time.
491
Over all, all, all.
492
It's the back of the tongue that presses down and back a little bit to make that dark sound.
493
Overalls.
494
Alls.
495
Alls.
496
Say it with me.
497
Overalls.
498
These are overalls.
499
Believe it or not, I don't own any overalls, so I had to use stonies as an example of what are overalls?
500
A onesie is a piece of baby's clothing where it snaps at the bottom.
501
So you unsnap it to change the diaper quickly, but it's attached there to keep the shirt from riding up, because if you've ever spent any time with a baby, you know that if they're in just a shirt,
502
it ends up around their neck or armpits.
503
So this is a onesie.
504
Onesie.
505
Spelled with an S, but pronounced with a Z sound.
506
Onesie.
507
Say that with me.
508
Onesie.
509
So this is a onesie.
510
Stoney has the cutest little pair of jean shorts.
511
Jeans shorts.
512
So here, rather than saying jeans shorts, you drop the S in jeans.
513
It's just jean shorts.
514
Say that with me.
515
Jeans shorts shorts.
516
Stoney has the cutest little pair of jean shorts.
517
Stoney has a pair of jeans that came with suspenders.
518
So these things that you can put on pants to help them stay up are called suspenders.
519
Suspenders.
520
A three -syllable word we stress on the middle syllable.
521
Make the first and third syllables as short as you can.
522
Sus -ders.
523
Suspenders.
524
Suspenders.
525
Try that with me.
526
Suspenders.
527
Stoney has a pair of jeans that came with suspenders.
528
So these things that you can put on pants to help them stay up are called suspenders.
529
So Stoney has a vest.
530
Vests can be two different things.
531
First of all, they can be like this.
532
It's something that's casual that's meant as another layer to add warmth,
533
but you can also have a dressy one that would be part of a dress outfit for a man,
534
and if it came with pants and a jacket as a set, then those three things would be called a three -piece suit.
535
So a three -piece suit is a suit that includes a vest.
536
Vest.
537
Some language groups mix up V and W.
538
W. This letter should definitely be pronounced with a V.
539
Bottom lip to top teeth.
540
Vvv.
541
No lip rounding.
542
That's a W sound.
543
Vvv.
544
Vest.
545
Say that with me.
546
Vest.
547
That would be part of a dress outfit for a man, and if it came with pants and a jacket as a set, then those three things would be called a three -piece suit.
548
So a three -piece suit is a suit that includes a vest.
549
Three -piece suit.
550
Three.
551
Okay, this word is tricky.
552
You have an unvoiced TH, and the tongue tip must come through the teeth.
553
Thrrrrrr.
554
Then the R, where your tip pulls back and up a little bit.
555
Thir, er, thir, three.
556
Three -piece.
557
Three -piece suit.
558
Try that with me.
559
Three -piece suit.
560
So a three -piece suit is a suit that includes a vest.
561
Let's talk outerwear.
562
Outerwear.
563
We have a flap T here because the T comes between two vowels.
564
When I say vowels in these rules, I mean vowels or diphthongs, because the beginning sound is the OW diphthong, OW.
565
Outerwear. Where.
566
Tricky sound combination.
567
Jaw drop for EH before your R. Where. Where. Where.
568
Outerwear.
569
Outerwear.
570
Say that with me.
571
Outerwear.
572
Let's talk outerwear wear.
573
This is a down coat.
574
It's a heavy, really warm winter coat.
575
Down coat.
576
I've noticed something that several different language groups do to this combination OW plus N.
577
They drop the N and make the OW diphthong sound nasally.
578
It sort of sounds like this.
579
Down.
580
Down.
581
There's no nasal quality to this diphthong.
582
Let's break it up.
583
Down.
584
Down.
585
Down.
586
Try that with me.
587
Down.
588
Coat with the O diphthong.
589
Jaw drop, then lip rounding.
590
Down coat.
591
Down coat.
592
Try that with me.
593
Down coat.
594
This is a down coat.
595
It's a heavy, really warm winter coat.
596
This jacket is a little more lightweight, so you would probably wear it in the fall or spring, but you could still just call it a jacket.
597
Lightweight jacket.
598
Notice all three of these T's can be stop T's.
599
They're either followed by a consonant, or at the end of a thought group.
600
Light, weight, jacket.
601
Lightweight jacket.
602
Try that with me.
603
Lightweight jacket.
604
This jacket is a little more lightweight, so you would probably wear it in the fall or spring, but you could still just call it a jacket.
605
This is something a little bit different, a little strange, a little old -fashioned.
606
I got this from my sister -in -law.
607
So this doesn't really have arms, it's just a poncho.
608
Poncho.
609
We have two different pronunciations for the letter O here.
610
The first one is the AH as in father vowel, PA, pon.
611
The second is the OH diphthong, OH, CHO, poncho.
612
Try that with me.
613
Poncho.
614
I got this from my sister -in -law.
615
So this doesn't really have arms.
616
It's just a poncho.
617
Fur coat.
618
Fur coat.
619
Fur can be tricky because it has the R vowel in it.
620
Don't drop your jaw or try to make some sort of vowel sound before the R.
621
It's just two sounds, f and er.
622
Fur.
623
Fur.
624
Fur coat.
625
Try that with me.
626
Fur coat.
627
Fur coat.
628
That's a lot of clothes.
629
Did I forget anything?
630
Put it in the comments below.
631
And if there's another vocabulary set of words you would like me to do a video on, also please put it in the comments below.
632
So, that's it, and thanks so much for using Rachel's English.
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Imagine describing your outfit to a friend, shopping for clothes, or talking about what you’re wearing in a conversation—these are everyday situations where knowing clothing terms is essential. The video breaks down common items like button-downs, dress shirts, and underwear, giving you the vocabulary to communicate clearly. Whether you’re discussing a collared shirt with buttons or choosing between "dress shirt" and "button-down," these words will help you sound natural in real-life interactions, a key part of effective language learning.
Useful Chunks & Collocations to Memorize
- "Button-down shirt": A collared shirt with buttons down the front (e.g., "I’m wearing a blue button-down today").
- "Dress shirt": Often used interchangeably with button-down, perfect for formal settings (e.g., "He needs a dress shirt for the interview").
- "Underwear" vs. "panties": Note the context—"underwear" is general, while "panties" is a specific term some prefer.
- "Stop T pronunciation": For words like "button," the T is silent (e.g., "butt-n" instead of "but-ton").
- "R vowel sound": In "shirt," the vowel is replaced by an R (e.g., "sh-r-t" instead of "shurt").
Your Shadowing Challenge: Practice Pronunciation & Fluency
The shadowing technique is a proven way to boost speaking and pronunciation practice. Here’s your task: Watch the video segment where the speaker says "button down," "dress shirt," and "underwear." Pause after each phrase, then repeat it immediately, mimicking the rhythm, stress, and pronunciation. Focus on the stop T in "button" and the R sounds in "dress shirt" and "underwear." Do this 5 times for each word. By mirroring the speaker, you’ll train your mouth to form the sounds correctly and build muscle memory for natural speech. This exercise will help you feel confident using these terms in conversations, making your language learning journey more effective.
Grammatica in deze video
De structuren die de spreker het meest gebruikt, met de exacte woorden uit de video:
| Structuur | In de video |
|---|---|
| Lijdende vorm be + voltooid deelwoord — het gaat om wat er gebeurt, niet om wie het doet | be called · would be called · is unstressed |
| Present perfect have/has + voltooid deelwoord — iets uit het verleden dat nu nog telt | We've also seen · I've made · you've ever spent |
| Advies met “should” should + werkwoord — zeggen wat een goed idee is | should all · should stay · should definitely be |
| Overtreffende trap the -est / the most … — het hoogste of laagste van een groep | the cutest |
Wat is de Shadowing-techniek?
Shadowing is een wetenschappelijk onderbouwde taalleermethode die oorspronkelijk is ontwikkeld voor professionele tolkentraining en gepopulariseerd door polyglot Dr. Alexander Arguelles. De methode is eenvoudig maar krachtig: je luistert naar native Engelse audio en herhaalt het onmiddellijk hardop — als een schaduw die de spreker volgt met slechts 1–2 seconden vertraging. In tegenstelling tot passief luisteren of grammaticadrills, dwingt shadowing je hersenen en mondspieren om echte spraakpatronen tegelijkertijd te verwerken en te reproduceren. Onderzoek toont aan dat het de uitspraaknauwkeurigheid, intonatie, ritme, verbonden spraak, luisterbegrip en spreekvaardigheid aanzienlijk verbetert — waardoor het een van de meest effectieve methoden is voor IELTS Speaking-voorbereiding en echte Engelse communicatie.