Shadowing Practice: The Final Days of Louis XIV - Learn English Speaking with Video
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The King opens his eyes and the world rushes to serve.
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Dozens of hands move in perfect rhythm, layering him like a cake.
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Scented cloths are rubbed, gold-laced silk wrapped and lace cuffs fastened.
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Then velvet drops and curls are locked onto the towering wig.
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Finally, the red-heeled shoes are slid on as the sweet and heavy perfume settles.
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The bedroom fills with hundreds more people, all eyes drawn to his burning presence: Louis XIV, the Sun King, the OG of absolute rulers.
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His existence is scripted without intermission.
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A calendar and a watch are all it takes to know his every move throughout the day.
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Louis XIV wields power over millions.
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But he is trapped by his own supremacy.
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A force that will tear his body apart and torture him with unimaginable pain.
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The Theater of Absolute Power It’s 1682 and the king has finally moved into Versailles, his permanent home.
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More than twenty years in the making, this extension was among Louis’ first royal projects.
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It’s still unfinished but it already outshines every royal estate, past and future.
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Its grounds could fit more than 40,000 tennis courts.
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And it isn’t just a palace but a trap wrapped in gold.
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Beyond the royal family and servants, some 5,000 nobles from every corner of France live here.
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Far from home, they have no power and that only makes Louis stronger.
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In return, he gives them glittering titles, tax breaks and the illusion that they matter.
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Nearly one-fifth of the nation’s government spendings flows into Versailles to keep the king’s friends close and enemies closer.
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He starts the day with a breakfast and a bowel movement.
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Doctors inspect the royal poop while he heads to mass.
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Drums and fifes mark his entrance as the choir starts to sing.
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The music changes daily, a personal playlist composed just for him.
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God may reside in heaven, but here, Louis is His lieutenant.
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And duty calls.
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By eleven, he is back in his quarters, buried in letters, finance and strategy with his ministers.
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The kingdom flows through his hands.
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The Sun King knows the status of every fortress and troop - and not just because he has to.
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He loves war, it’s his favorite kind of glory.
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The goal is unapologetic: French territory everywhere with his colonies stretching across the globe.
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Just like Kangxi, the Quing emperor, Louis is obsessed with grandeur.
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Yesterday, a ship of Chinese porcelain arrived, so he sends back a cannon.
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The afternoon continues with more diplomacy.
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Siamese envoys who've travelled for two years, finally show up.
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Their jaws drop as the king greets them draped in a coat completely encrusted in diamonds.
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He showers them with gifts worth around 2 million dollars today, a small price for the publicity this spectacle will bring.
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All that work has Louis starving.
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His orchestra performs as hundreds of eyes track each bite of his royal mukbang.
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He couldn’t care less about cutlery and loves devouring food with his bare hands.
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And his appetite is perfectly matched by tonight’s obscene menu.
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Soups and pigeons in gold-crusted pies.
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Towers of chicken fricassées, partridges, tarts drenched in syrup.
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The smell of perfume, candle wax, butter and wine give the palace a heady aroma.
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But the real intoxication is not food.
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It's extravaganza.
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Tonight, 24,000 candles set the gardens ablaze.
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Rockets trace the king’s initials in fire across the sky.
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Courtiers brag about partying through the night and sleeping through the day for weeks, lost in powdered wigs and champagne laughter.
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Louis’ ego thrives on this indulgent chaos.
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But outside all the glitter and glam, the world looks quite different.
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Beyond the Golden Walls Beyond Versailles, Europe is a giant strategy game of paranoid kings.
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France, the most populous kingdom, is leveling up fast.
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This is freaking out Spain, the Holy Roman Empire, England, and the Dutch, who all team up to stop Louis XIV from eating the map.
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His ambition is to expand his realm to the natural borders of France: the Rhine, the Alps, the Pyrenees.
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He commissions over a hundred star-shaped fortresses and strengthens the old ones, wrapping France in defenses with 400,000 soldiers and 13,000 cannons standing ready.
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Louis delights in joining his army on the battlefield: during his 72-year reign he will engage in five major wars, both on land and at sea.
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Genoa, one of the wealthiest ports in Italy, becomes the first European city to face the terror of his bomb ketches’ explosive shells.
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A ten day bombardment destroys half of the city.
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The message is clear: resist French annexation and fire will rain from the sky.
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Each conflict reshapes the map of Europe absorbing Belgium, Lorraine, Alsace, Strasbourg into France.
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The price of glory is brutal.
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Even when the cannons fall silent, the army eats more than half the kingdom’s money.
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In wartime, the treasury bleeds dry and peasants are squeezed with taxes until their pockets are empty.
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The people grow angry, riots erupt and the King answers with military crackdowns.
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To bolster his image, he funds newspapers that inflate his victories and downplay domestic problems.
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He orders the construction of hospitals in Paris to care for wounded soldiers and the poor who crowd the streets.
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But the hospitals are filthy, designed less to heal than to confine.
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Instead of curing, 17th century medicine is mostly just lessons in bearing pain.
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And the Sun King will face that himself.
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His glory doesn’t just demand tribute from his people.
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It’s about to turn on him as well.
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The Body Becomes a Battleground Before we close in on the Sunking, let’s zoom out for a moment.
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Absolute rulers know that knowledge is power, and then just like now, this includes getting the full picture.
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And now back to the Sun King!
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On the outside, he looks unstoppable, fighting, hunting, dancing, every day.
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It's glamorous and absolutely exhausting.
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But he knows that weakness is dangerous and the court can never see him crack.
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So he hides sleepless nights and smiles through fevers and joint pains.
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As he nears fifty, his body slows and stiffens.
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Decades of gluttony and extravagance begin to take their toll: his frame grows rounder and he’s increasingly suffering from toothaches.
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With no anesthesia and only the dentist holding his head still, the teeth are wrenched and pulled.
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One of the roots snaps and Louis can hear the bone crack as his mouth fills with blood.
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At night he tries to dull the pain with wine but as he chugs, it shoots up through his nostrils.
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The dental work has opened a tunnel from the King’s upper jaw to his nose.
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In a few days his mouth starts tasting of rot, his breath reeks and people flinch when he speaks.
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The doctors try to burn this hole shut, leaving Louis unable to eat for days.
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And this nightmare was just a dress rehearsal for the century’s most infamous surgery.
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Months later, he develops a truly royal agony: a swollen lump near his anus.
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The doctors try piercing it, burning it, injecting mysterious potions.
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Nothing works and soon an open sore develops.
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The last option is surgery.
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The problem is that his chief surgeon has never performed anything like this before.
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Surgery, at this time, is just glorified butchery, amputations and haircuts both done by barbers.
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So the surgeon needs guinea pigs.
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He practices on condemned prisoners, perfecting both his courage and his cuts.
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Finally, it's the Sun King’s turn: As the blade slices into the infected flesh, the King clasps the hand of his war minister and whispers “Mon Dieu” only twice.
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Three hours later, it's over.
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And though the operation was done in secret, a new fashion sweeps the court: Bandages wrapped around everyone’s buttocks.
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Louis smiles but he knows deep down: he survived not thanks to his doctors, but despite them.
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The Age of Gory The 17th century is Europe’s medical twilight zone and probably the worst time to get sick.
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Doctors will blame everything on your blood.
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So for a thousand years, the go-to cure has been to cut a vein and let the sickness flow out.
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Bleed between the eyebrows for headaches, cut under the tongue for a sore throat and if a woman’s periods are irregular, well, better get out the knife again.
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By the mid-1600s, blood circulation is discovered and the invention of the microscope unveils a hidden universe of microorganisms, pulling medicine out of the dark ages.
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But this progress doesn’t help sick people much.
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Doctors still use ancient treatments that can kill you faster than smallpox.
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Ironically, no one suffers more from outdated medicine than the most powerful man in the kingdom.
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By the turn of the century, the Sun King is in his early sixties, a miraculous age most people never make it to.
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He launches his longest and most expensive war for the Spanish throne but gout, arthritis and rheumatism keep him off the battlefield.
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Now, his main enemy is himself.
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The doctors do their usual bleedings and colonic cleanses but nothing helps.
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With all his teeth gone, royal feasts are just a memory.
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All he wants now is to secure his dynasty but a wave of measles tears through the royal family, killing his son, his grandson and almost every other heir to his throne.
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They all receive the same treatment of bloodletting and laxatives.
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Still, death claims everyone around Louis.
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He is somehow spared – but not forever.
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The Final Performance It begins with a chill running through his bones on a summer day when everyone else complains about the heat.
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With a sharp pain in his left leg, a black spot begins to bloom on the skin.
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It’s gangrene, his flesh starving for blood.
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The rot crawls upward, his flesh consuming itself and turning black.
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The sickly stench overpowers the incense in his bedroom.
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The blood the doctors draw is thick and dark.
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Even donkey milk, praised for its healing powers, doesn’t help.
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The nights drag on and nothing quenches his terrible thirst.
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He tries to keep working but ministers can see death in his eyes.
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He faces it the way he faced everything else, as theater.
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He summons his five-year-old great-grandson, the future Louis XV and tells him: "Try to remain at peace with your neighbours.
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I loved war too much. Do not follow me in that." Over the next few days, he says farewells to ministers, courtiers and princes.
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“I am leaving but the State will always remain.” he says before he goes out like a candle.
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The Afterglow The last few decades of Louis XIV life were a complete medical nightmare, but still: for 72 years, longer than any other ruler, he embodied the idea that one man could be the state.
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But the system he built was too costly and way too dependent on one megalomaniac trapped in a body with limits.
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Once reliable like clockwork and the source of his power, his robust physique started to fail.
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While he endured the brutal medical treatments of the time, the perfect image he demanded of himself began to fall apart until the Sun king was only a suffering toothless man.
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But the dream of Versailles refuses to end.
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Frederick the Great of Prussia and Ludwig II of Bavaria went full fanboys, building their own glittering replicas of this fantasy.
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Even today, some leaders chase that same mix of ambition and ego, surrounding themselves with gold and spectacle to prove they’re godlike.
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Their palaces are the afterglow of a desire for absolute power.
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But their human bodies still mark the limit of their influence.
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Woordenschat en spreektips bij deze les
Deze spreekles op niveau C1 is gebaseerd op de video “The Final Days of Louis XIV”. Deze woorden komen het vaakst terug: Louis, king, doctors, royal. Deze video bevat 147 zinnen en 2085 woorden om na te spreken. Het gesproken deel duurt 14:04. De spreker praat in een gelijkmatig tempo van ongeveer 148 woorden per minuut, prettig om te shadowen. Slechts 75% van de woorden hoort bij de 3.000 meest gebruikte Engelse woorden, dus de woordenschat is pittig.
Belangrijke woorden in deze video
De 15 moeilijkste woorden uit de video, met uitspraak en betekenis:
| Woord | Uitspraak | Betekenis |
|---|---|---|
| ruler zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈɹulɚ/ | meetlat, liniaal |
| candle zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈkæn.dəl/ | kaars |
| afterglow zelfstandig naamwoord | avondrood | |
| courtier zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈkɔɹtiɚ/ | hoveling |
| starve werkwoord | /stɑɹv/ | verhongeren, sterven van de honger |
| glitter werkwoord | /ˈɡlɪtəɹ/ | schitteren |
| spectacle zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈspɛktəkl̩/ | spektakel |
| perfume zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈpɝfjuːm/ | parfum, aroma |
| grandson zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈɡɹæn(d)sʌn/ | kleinzoon |
| consume werkwoord | /kənˈsum/ | consumeren, verbruiken |
| ambition zelfstandig naamwoord | /æmˈbɪʃ.ən/ | eerzucht, ambitie |
| battlefield zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈbætəlˌfiːld/ | slagveld |
| sore bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /soɹ/ | pijnlijk |
| compose werkwoord | /kəmˈpəʊz/ | samenstellen |
| infect werkwoord | /ɪnˈfɛkt/ | infecteren, besmetten |
Phrasal verbs die je zult horen
| Woord | Betekenis |
|---|---|
| fall apart werkwoord | uiteenvallen, uit elkaar vallen |
| get off werkwoord | van ... afgaan |
| go out werkwoord | naar buiten gaan |
| show up werkwoord | tentoonstellen |
Grammatica in deze video
De structuren die de spreker het meest gebruikt, met de exacte woorden uit de video:
| Structuur | In de video |
|---|---|
| Lijdende vorm be + voltooid deelwoord — het gaat om wat er gebeurt, niet om wie het doet | are rubbed · are locked · is scripted |
| Present perfect have/has + voltooid deelwoord — iets uit het verleden dat nu nog telt | has finally moved · who've travelled · has opened |
Uitspraak om op te letten
De spreker gebruikt 9 samentrekkingen en verkorte vormen, zoals doesn't, couldn't, don't. Spreek ze kort uit, zoals je ze hoort.
- De “th”-klanken: filthy /ˈfɪlθi/, rhythm /ˈɹɪð.əm/
- De klanken “sh” en “zh”: ambition /æmˈbɪʃ.ən/, champagne /ʃæmˈpeɪn/, illusion /ɪˈl(j)uːʒ(ə)n/, circulation /ˌsɝkjʊˈleɪʃən/, invention /ɪnˈvɛnʃən/
- Lange woorden — let op de klemtoon: critically /ˈkɹɪt.ɪ.kə.li/, circulation /ˌsɝkjʊˈleɪʃən/, publicity /pʌbˈlɪsɪti/
Klanken die Nederlandstaligen lastig vinden:
- Stemhebbende eindmedeklinker — /b/, /d/, /g/, /z/, /v/ niet verscherpen: starve /stɑɹv/, battlefield /ˈbætəlˌfiːld/, compose /kəmˈpəʊz/, surround /səˈɹaʊnd/, explosive /ɛkˈspləʊsɪv/
- /æ/ — opener dan de Nederlandse “e”: candle /ˈkæn.dəl/, cannon /ˈkæn.ən/, grandson /ˈɡɹæn(d)sʌn/, ambition /æmˈbɪʃ.ən/, battlefield /ˈbætəlˌfiːld/
- /g/ — een harde plofklank, geen Nederlandse “g”: glitter /ˈɡlɪtəɹ/, grandson /ˈɡɹæn(d)sʌn/, organize /ˈɔɹɡənaɪz/
Zo oefen je met deze video
- Luister de hele video één keer zonder te spreken en noteer de woorden die je niet kent.
- Spreek zin voor zin na op normale snelheid en herhaal elke zin tot je ritme gelijk is aan dat van de spreker.
- Neem jezelf op en vergelijk met het origineel; let daarbij op woorden als ruler, candle, afterglow.
Wat is de Shadowing-techniek?
Shadowing is een wetenschappelijk onderbouwde taalleermethode die oorspronkelijk is ontwikkeld voor professionele tolkentraining en gepopulariseerd door polyglot Dr. Alexander Arguelles. De methode is eenvoudig maar krachtig: je luistert naar native Engelse audio en herhaalt het onmiddellijk hardop — als een schaduw die de spreker volgt met slechts 1–2 seconden vertraging. In tegenstelling tot passief luisteren of grammaticadrills, dwingt shadowing je hersenen en mondspieren om echte spraakpatronen tegelijkertijd te verwerken en te reproduceren. Onderzoek toont aan dat het de uitspraaknauwkeurigheid, intonatie, ritme, verbonden spraak, luisterbegrip en spreekvaardigheid aanzienlijk verbetert — waardoor het een van de meest effectieve methoden is voor IELTS Speaking-voorbereiding en echte Engelse communicatie.