Shadowing Practice: Why Effort Matters More Than Talent | Angela Duckworth - Learn English Speaking with Video
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My dad, growing up, used to talk about talent and IQ all the time.
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And I want to say that it does count.
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I've got an 18-year-old at home named Amanda.
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Sometimes she comes home with stories about Eli.
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Eli's in her math class.
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Eli never works.
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Eli never does his homework.
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Eli seems to have invented calculus on his own because he still gets perfect scores on all the math exams.
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And my daughter's convinced that Eli is so prodigiously talented.
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That doesn't really matter in life whether Eli's going to work hard or not work hard, because he's obviously going to become super successful.
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But I think by now I have convinced my daughter that insofar as talent counts, effort counts twice.
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First, because no matter how talented you are, you have to multiply that talent by hours of effort to actually gain skill, to learn calculus, to know how to write a memo,
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know how to lead a team, know how to do all the things, frankly, that you have learned, your many hard-earned skills.
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But I like to say to my daughter, you know, talent counts, but effort counts twice, because once you have a skill, you know how to lead a team, you know how to do calculus, you know how to act in a film,
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you have to actually apply that skill.
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It's effort applied to skill that creates human achievement.
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And so when Will Smith says, you may be more talented than me, but I will never get off this treadmill before you,
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I think what he's pointing to is that effort and talent are not the same thing.
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And in the long run, it may be, just as Darwin intuited, that effort may matter more.
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In data that I've collected on the grit scale and measures of talent, whether physical talent or IQ,
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cognitive ability, I find that measures of effort like grit are not correlated with measures of talent,
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like an IQ test.
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In some samples, they're inversely correlated, weakly.
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All that means for you as leaders is that if you hire brilliant, talented, smart people, good for you,
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but it's no guarantee that you're hiring the most passionate, hardest working, resilient, growth-oriented people.
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They're simply different human qualities.
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If I want to catch you all the way up to 2020 and what modern science knows about the super successful, I can do it with this one graph.
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This summarizes the research of my friend and my colleague Anders Eriksson.
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Raise your hand for a moment if you've ever heard this expression, and I know we're a global audience, But this expression, 10,000 hours of practice,
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the 10,000 hour rule, okay, that's many of us, if not most of us.
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If Andres Ericsson were here today, he's a cognitive scientist who studies the super successful, you know, World Cup soccer players,
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he goes to tournaments like Sudoku tournaments, etc. What he would say is that what he has observed across all fields,
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both mental and physical, is
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that it indeed takes thousands of hours of a special kind
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of practice to take you from an amateur who knows nothing to somebody who could be considered a world-class expert.
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Now what Anders Ericsson would want you to know, however, is that there's something missing in the popular understanding of 10,000 hours of practice.
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And that is that you can spend 10,000 hours of practice and just be fine, mediocre, nothing special.
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I mean, just think about it.
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Lots of people go to work for 40 hours a week, and then if you count up the hours, I mean, pretty soon they're at 10,000, but they're not world-class experts.
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Why?
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And the singular insight from his lifetime of research is that it is not just the quantity of practice that matters, it's the quality of practice.
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The way experts practice is different.
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And I think there are powerful lessons for all of us in this room because they apply not only to the individual, but they apply to the overall organization.
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Before I unpack for you what Anders has found about the way experts practice and how different it is qualitatively.
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Let me suggest that life always presents us a multiple choice.
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And there are more than two answers.
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You can become more and more expert at what you do.
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That's the red learning curve.
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You never stop learning.
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I think that is the culture of Genpact and its valued clients.
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You can be like most organizations and most people, which is to say that you will put in hours and hours, but they're not the kind of practice that gets you better.
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You plateau on the, I like to call it the plateau of arrested development.
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But the third choice that anyone has at any time is to exit completely, to stop training at all.
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And it is the nature of human nature that we lose the skills
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that we have acquired when we are not practicing them.
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Let me use myself as a personal example.
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Being an Asian female in New Jersey, I had to play piano.
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It was part of my cultural destiny, so I did it.
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And I was never very good.
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I quit after some years.
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And what little skill I had in piano, I now have none at all.
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And if you used to practice a musical instrument
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or speak another language or play a sport and you are no longer actively doing that, then you know exactly what I mean.
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You don't get to hold on at the same level to all the human skills that you have acquired.
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So I study grit in part
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because it keeps people on this red learning curve to becoming more and more and more excellent at what they do.
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But I also study grit because it is those gritty individuals who prefer to finish things
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that they've started and have interests that sustain themselves over years, if not decades, if not a lifetime,
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that keeps them from quitting one thing after another after another.
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Woordenschat en spreektips bij deze les
Deze spreekles op niveau C1 is gebaseerd op de video “Why Effort Matters More Than Talent”. Deze woorden komen het vaakst terug: practice, hour, skill, talent, effort. Deze video bevat 69 zinnen en 1013 woorden om na te spreken. Het gesproken deel duurt 6:14. De spreker praat in een natuurlijk tempo van ongeveer 162 woorden per minuut, dicht bij een alledaags gesprek. 85% van de woorden hoort bij de 3.000 meest gebruikte Engelse woorden; de rest kun je beter vooraf bekijken.
Belangrijke woorden in deze video
De 15 moeilijkste woorden uit de video, met uitspraak en betekenis:
| Woord | Uitspraak | Betekenis |
|---|---|---|
| grit zelfstandig naamwoord | /ɡɹɪt/ | gruis |
| correlate werkwoord | /ˈkɔɹəleɪt/ | correleren, in wederkerige betrekking staan |
| plateau zelfstandig naamwoord | /plæˈtoʊ/ | hoogvlakte, plateau |
| multiply werkwoord | /ˈmʌltɪplaɪ/ | vermenigvuldigen |
| resilient bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /ɹɪˈzɪl.jənt/ | weerbaar |
| summarize werkwoord | /ˈsʌməˌɹaɪz/ | samenvatten, opsommen |
| treadmill zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈtɹɛd.mɪl/ | loopband |
| mediocre bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /ˌmidiˈoʊkəɹ/ | middelmatig |
| invent werkwoord | /ɪnˈvɛnt/ | uitvinden, uitdenken |
| singular bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /ˈsɪŋ.ɡjə.lɚ/ | enig, enige |
| sustain werkwoord | /səˈsteɪn/ | in stand houden |
| colleague zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈkɒliːɡ/ | collega, medewerker |
| graph zelfstandig naamwoord | /ɡɹæf/ | grafiek |
| frankly bijwoord | /fɹæŋkli/ | ronduit |
| observe werkwoord | /əbˈzɜːv/ | respecteren, in acht nemen |
Phrasal verbs die je zult horen
| Woord | Betekenis |
|---|---|
| get off werkwoord | van ... afgaan |
| grow up werkwoord | opgroeien |
Grammatica in deze video
De structuren die de spreker het meest gebruikt, met de exacte woorden uit de video:
| Structuur | In de video |
|---|---|
| “Used to” used to + werkwoord — een vroegere gewoonte of toestand die niet meer klopt | used to talk · used to practice |
| Present perfect have/has + voltooid deelwoord — iets uit het verleden dat nu nog telt | have convinced · have learned · I've collected |
| Lijdende vorm be + voltooid deelwoord — het gaat om wat er gebeurt, niet om wie het doet | are not correlated · could be considered |
| Betrekkelijke bijzinnen who / which + zin — extra informatie over een persoon of ding | somebody who could · people, which is |
Uitspraak om op te letten
De spreker gebruikt 13 samentrekkingen en verkorte vormen, zoals they're, I've, doesn't. Spreek ze kort uit, zoals je ze hoort.
Klanken die Nederlandstaligen lastig vinden:
- Stemhebbende eindmedeklinker — /b/, /d/, /g/, /z/, /v/ niet verscherpen: summarize /ˈsʌməˌɹaɪz/, colleague /ˈkɒliːɡ/, observe /əbˈzɜːv/
- /æ/ — opener dan de Nederlandse “e”: calculus /ˈkæl.kjə.ləs/, plateau /plæˈtoʊ/, unpack /ʌnˈpæk/, graph /ɡɹæf/, frankly /fɹæŋkli/
- /g/ — een harde plofklank, geen Nederlandse “g”: grit /ɡɹɪt/, gritty /ˈɡɹɪti/, singular /ˈsɪŋ.ɡjə.lɚ/, colleague /ˈkɒliːɡ/, graph /ɡɹæf/
Zo oefen je met deze video
- Luister de hele video één keer zonder te spreken en noteer de woorden die je niet kent.
- Begin op 0,75× snelheid, spreek zin voor zin na en ga terug naar normale snelheid zodra het makkelijk gaat.
- Neem jezelf op en vergelijk met het origineel; let daarbij op woorden als grit, correlate, plateau.
Wat is de Shadowing-techniek?
Shadowing is een wetenschappelijk onderbouwde taalleermethode die oorspronkelijk is ontwikkeld voor professionele tolkentraining en gepopulariseerd door polyglot Dr. Alexander Arguelles. De methode is eenvoudig maar krachtig: je luistert naar native Engelse audio en herhaalt het onmiddellijk hardop — als een schaduw die de spreker volgt met slechts 1–2 seconden vertraging. In tegenstelling tot passief luisteren of grammaticadrills, dwingt shadowing je hersenen en mondspieren om echte spraakpatronen tegelijkertijd te verwerken en te reproduceren. Onderzoek toont aan dat het de uitspraaknauwkeurigheid, intonatie, ritme, verbonden spraak, luisterbegrip en spreekvaardigheid aanzienlijk verbetert — waardoor het een van de meest effectieve methoden is voor IELTS Speaking-voorbereiding en echte Engelse communicatie.