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I'm feeling coming I'm feeling coming,
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babe I'm feeling coming, I'm feeling coming,
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babe Philosophy I recently noticed that on YouTube very few videos about philosophy.
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Yes, there are videos where they tell отдельные topics, but I didn't see any big videos about the entire philosophy of philosophy.
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In this video I try to tell more about philosophy, so that it will be interesting.
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We will understand how the philosophy changed for the entire history of our existence.
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We will be able to get into the world of ancient Greece with his own starseys, and we will be able to end with our own generation. So...
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Usually, Greek philosophy and her philosophy is the first one in the world. But why?
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Because the first philosophy of philosophy, which we know, was born in 3000 years ago, even in the ancient Egypt and the Babylonian.
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Then, even in 700-500 years ago, the philosophy started to develop in three cultures in the Indian, in the Greek, in the Greek.
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But unlike the other, the Greek philosophy came from the mythological teachings, which was the most part of the philosophy of the other cultures.
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For example, the first philosopher of the Kittany, Confucius, although he did not believe in the gods, but more about the state and the rules of the society in the society.
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In India, Egypt and Babylonia, everything was involved in religion.
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And the Greek people first made the philosophy of the science with rational approach to the explanation of the world.
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So, what started all of this?
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All started with the question of what is the foundation of the world.
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The first philosophical thoughts of the Greek people, which we know, were made here, among these ruins, in the VI-Vs, to the n.e.
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They were divided on several schools depending on the view of the world.
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The main criteria of each other was the question of what is the basis of the world.
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For some, for some, for some, the water, for others, the water, but about this is a little bit later.
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These are the thoughts of nature-philosophia.
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These are the thoughts that are trying to explain the most banal.
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The idea of what is the world, the nature of the world, and how it works.
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People tried to understand what is the space and the time.
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The main place in nature-philosophia was the thought of the cosmos.
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We thought that there, in this very dark and strange, in the world, in this world.
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Let's go to the first philosophical school.
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He is a teacher of physics, mathematics, astronomy and biology.
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Just imagine, you are a person, with whom started history of European science.
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First in history, and the first of the first philosophical school is Falea Smiletsky.
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He was born in the знатном роде in the city of Millet, was his beloved citizen, he got a good education, he was a politician and a politician, and also a lot of travel.
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What are the views of the first philosopher in the world?
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According to Falis, the main material of the world is water.
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He believed that water is the first element of which consists of the cosmos and everything else.
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In astronomy Falis predicted that the earth is on the surface of the water.
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So, the earth also considered a disk.
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The fact that the water is also considered a way of its ability to be used in the air
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and condensated in the wind, he showed the central role of water in the universe.
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Also, besides Falas, in the Mellets' philosophy school were the Anoximander and Anoximen.
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Anoximander considered that the source of the origin of the Всего Sущего is the constant and notarious beginning.
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Apeiron, which is a constant movement, which is a constant movement, that is the first-of-the-end organism, which is not a natural and a final.
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Anoximen.
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Anoximen considered that the first-of-the-Sущего is the first-of-the-Sущего.
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He considered that the whole world and all objects in him are the constant and plent of the water.
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He believed that the water was the matter, which is the matter of all things that are made and they are destroyed.
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As you already understood, the philosophers of nature actively are interested in understanding the nature of nature and its circumstances.
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Almost all the philosophers of nature have invested in the biology, mathematics, astronomy and geography.
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Pifagor Pifagor was the second second in our in our list of philosophy, the pifagorians.
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The school of this school said that everything in the world is a way of giving a number of the harmonies.
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The number of the world is the basis of the world.
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They are the basis of the world.
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And to know the world they consider, they are the basis of the world.
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The people who consider them as something more real, than the things that they are, because they are the basis of the world.
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DEMOCRIT The third school in our list of the first philosophy of the first philosophy of the world is the atomicism.
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The natural philosophy of the world, the idea of the human being, according to which matter It is a small,
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small, small, small particles, which is not just a sense of thought, so they are not such a sense of feeling, like the smell, the smell and so on.
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Demokrit said that the atoms, they are one with each other, they create things, which we have a deal in everyday life.
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You know, he is a progressional.
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We are going to the first, a long-term moment of philosophy.
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The next step of the development of philosophy is called the Platon Academy.
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It is related to the names of the great thinkers, which we will be able to study.
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Now this place, where the academy is located in the pre-groan of Africa, looks like a grud of the rocks.
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But when-to-in-law was there a lot of great philosophical researches.
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By the way of this academy, they were great people, which we are studying today.
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SOKRAT He was the teacher of the academy of Platon.
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The philosophy of Sokra was divided by ancient philosophy on the Sokraks, those who we already discussed, and the who were after.
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Sokraks didn't write and left any single work of writing, because he thought that writing can be dangerous, because it means that it is a way of understanding and leads to the failure of true wisdom.
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So his thoughts are only through the work of his students.
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So what did Sokraks do?
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The Sokraks were in the основном interested in the cosmos, his structure, his development, They were interested in the questions about the whole thing.
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Being, being, being, being, being and so on.
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And in the interest of philosophy, the man became a man.
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It's difficult to imagine, but the mind of the ancient man was so, that every action he was considered only one of the one of the gods.
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For example, not a man dies, but a man dies, but a man dies.
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Not a man dies, but a man dies, but a man dies.
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Not a man dies, but a man dies, but a man dies, but a man dies.
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And in this mind of the system, Socrates turns the focus of attention of a man in the mind person, he says to know himself and find answers on problems with the dialogue with himself.
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So, he says to the conclusion and to the truth.
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I'm not going to be a person because I'm not going to be a person because I'm going to drink milk.
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So, Sokrat made an anthropological revolution.
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Platon.
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Platon was a teacher of Sokrat.
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You already understood that he was founded in the academy.
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The word academy is not happening from a kind of a word that is related to an educational school.
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This school was located in the area of Aphine, which was called Academy, called the one of the most famous gods, Academy.
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So, the philosophy of Platon was based on the belief that there is absolute truth, which you can achieve through the thought of a thought.
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One of the main theories Platon, around which is his philosophy, is the theory of universalism.
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It's time to remember the classic.
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How do you think universalism can exist as the sessies of certain things, or are they only a part of the mind?
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If you don't understand, I'll explain.
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The philosopher said that there are some universal forms of things, which created God.
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They are the ideal ones of the world of ideas and are the ideal ones of these things.
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All objects in our world are only copies of these ideas.
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For example, the word is a кошka.
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If you have two different kinds of species, we still call them any of them a кошкой.
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Platon is not just an idea, but an universal form of a thing or idea.
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Ideal means a thing itself without a sign, a original thing.
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So, there is an ideal thing in the world of ideal things.
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All the rest of the puffy is just a product of this ideal thing.
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The important point is that at all these ideal things are not-it-it-it.
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Then we'll see the view of Platon's on the subject of the state.
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Not a long time he wrote about this book.
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Platon wrote the ideal thing through the principle of the right.
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With good truth or justice, which is so good the way for each chair does it take a single direction.
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A 3 principle of good justice to the ideal of the a state.
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1. The rule of sin Platon laid a social system on three classes, правители , and simple people .
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Everyone should be concerned that he would deal with him so the social shift of faith.
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There is probably a desire to become a place with someone from Platon.
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1. Mininum and legal people The authorities and the slaves should be равны within their groups, to eat in the stalls and live in large homes.
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The gold and the prestige are not allowed to be allowed.
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The Platon believes that the private property is not allowed to be able to live in the same way.
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The government is a aristocracy.
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The ideal state should be able to live in the best places. So, philosophers.
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The people who live in the world should live in the same way.
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They can't think about the copies of the ideas, but the same ideas.
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Also, Platon said that the body is a thing.
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The people who can only know the world of copies, not the ideas.
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So Platon thought that we should be blessed to die, because she is a free soul.
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Aristotle Aristotle was a teacher of Platon.
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Although for us the name Aristotle sounds like an authoritative and a strong word, but in life Aristotle didn't love him.
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He was not a little bit of his voice, he was a little bit of a voice, a little bit of a voice, a little bit of a voice, a little bit of a smile, he was cold and a smear,
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but the enemy was always polite and logical, always a strong, sometimes a sarcastic, she has no more enemies.
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In comparison with Platon, he was more liberal and
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so he has been so much more liberal and so he has been so much more in his opinion.
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For example, the opinion of the government.
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If Platon was a opponent of a private property, then Aristotle, the criticism of the ideal government of Platon, he spoke about that the human being is not natural and
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that the human being is more likely to be a human being and his nature.
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Also, Aristotle, he divided the science on the theoretical, which is because of the fact that the knowledge is for knowledge, is to practice and to practice and to practice.
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To theoretical science, physics, mathematics, to practical science, and political science, which is the fact of the country.
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The fact of the society, the rhetorical science, which is the fact of the human language and speech.
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What did Aristotle think about the human?
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He said that by the biological human beings we are one of the most organized animals, and we are one of the most organized animals, and we have the most organized human beings, to be living together with the same.
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That is, living in collective, the носителем of the mind of Aristotle is the soul.
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The philosopher is the three levels of the soul.
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The soul, the soul, the soul, the soul.
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The soul, the soul.
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The soul, the soul, the soul, and is not a part of the human beings.
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Let's go to the famous story of Platon and Aristotle.
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The question of the universe, Aristotle spoke with criticism of Platon's philosophy.
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I remember, Platon said that the world is a world of things and the world of чист and bestial ideas.
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And the world of things, as in a way, is only material of the image of the existence of the pure idea.
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The mistake of Platon is in
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that he has removed the world of the real world
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and considered the pure idea of the real idea in the way of the actual idea of this idea is
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that he removed the world of the real world, and the idea of the idea of the mind of the real world, and was straightforward.
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What was that Aristotle thinks about this question?
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There was no idea of the idea of the idea of the individual.
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There are only the unique and particular things, and the word is, the word is individual, in the word, not the word.
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It is, there is only one specific idea of the individual, which is the idea of the individual, which this horse is a chicken.
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A little stool, which is a specific space and has its own characteristics, not a stool.
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A little stool.
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A specific room, and so on.
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Individuums, are the first person.
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And the kinds of individuals are the first.
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The kinds of individuals are the same.
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The kinds of individuals are the same.
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Then, Aristotle is interested in the question, which is the kind of be-tubes.
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The philosopher is the best of the ten categories, which answers the question.
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Which one of the categories is the same, which is the kind of be-tubes, which are the best of the other his characteristics.
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And so, these categories are 1.
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2. 3.
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4. 5.
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6. 7.
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8. 9.
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10. 10.
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11. 11.
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12. 13.
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14. 15.
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15. 15.
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16. 16.
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16. 17.
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16. 16.
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17. 18 ancient history epicurits
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and their representative epicur on my opinion it was a very
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strong-minded dad's school propagandized philosophy of a sense of a nice
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and a основанную on понимания природы человеческих желаний the goal of
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life is to achieve a good joy at the end of
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the day of the day of the day of the day
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of the day of the day of the day of the
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day of the day of the day of the day of
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the day of the day of the day of three things of fear.
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Fear of the universe.
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Fear of the universe.
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Fear of the universe.
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Fear of the universe.
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Fear of the universe.
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To be able to save a person from the universe, Epicur says that life and death never will be done.
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When there is life, there is no death.
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When there is death, there is no life.
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We fear of death, which we can never know.
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It is necessary, said Epicur.
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Kiniq.
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Kiniq призывed to the freedom of the world through of social and material and material.
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They were confident that счастье doesn't depend on material and the best.
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It was a school of skets.
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They propagated the relationship of human knowledge and the value of the subject of the subject of the category of the sages.
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They were even aware of the same obvious things
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that they could be in the case of the fact that they could be to be able to explain.
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If I'm going to talk about this, the people of these people could be able to say as all the truth we don't know.
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ancient philosophy, which we talk about, is already 3th century.
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And here you can see, that it already starts to fall back with the return of religious ideas.
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What can you say, that is, that is, that it is, that it is all about the one-way, one-way, one-way, one-way.
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And to get closer to him, you need to get the soul from the mirth of the relationship through thinking and inner work.
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What is the connection with the one-way, you ask?
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This is the subject of the core of The Epic, the origin of the beginning of the original.
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But the one who is so cool, that he is still higher than the ideal of the world.
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At the end of the beginning they are.
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And Platon explains how the real ideals are transformed into reality.
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They even created a special word for this — the emanation.
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It is the sound of the universe from all this.
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It is important that Platon's philosophy remains rational and intellectual.
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He thinks that the mind can achieve the truth through the thought and philosophy.
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The Neaplatonist has a sense of a mystic and religious experience.
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The fact that the truth can achieve the truth through the inner healing and mystic relationship with the reality.
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You all right, it is like a meditation and spiritual practice.
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Plotin, the основ of the Neaplatonism, emotions in the moment of this as a moment of ecstasy, when the soul leaves the material world and is united with one.
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So finally we are coming to the Middle Ages.
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I think you know exactly what you know about the Middle Ages of the Middle Ages.
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All of us in the slough Inquisiция with her attempts and the sacrifice for the God.
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But how people came to this?
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How did God and the peace of the world the world of the world is under the cipher of the cipher.
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For this, we will be able to take time back a little.
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It is about the beginning of our era and the time of Neaplatonians, where the trend of actively developing on the beginning of the beginning of the and the beginning of the Bible.
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So, in the 00's, it is Jesus.
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This is the fact that it was the Christian, We don't want to stop this in detail, for us it's not very important.
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But we are important to know that this event is created by the patriarchs.
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It's a book and books, written by the church in the first eight years after the birth of Christ.
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These teachers tried to explain the Christian faith, to protect her from the wrong way of understanding and help people understand how to live Christian.
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They discussed many difficult questions, for example, who is God, who is Jesus, how can he be able to achieve salvation and how to live properly.
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So Jesus was born with his prophecies, and the patriotic created many literature on this way, to protect and explain this faith.
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They helped to put the foundation for what is now considered official teaching of the Christian Church.
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One of the parents of the church was Augustine Blasenny.
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He was born in a rich province in 354th in Togaste, in the Aljir.
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He was one of the most influential Christian theology.
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We will look at his views more, because they are in the philosophy of the time.
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Augustin said that the world is created by God from anything, by the image of the ideal of the exemplars, which were in the body of the mind.
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It's almost not a platonism, but there is a beginning of the beginning.
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It's God.
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He is the true creator of the being.
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He is the true creator of the being.
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The creation of the world is created by God.
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It's a way of his power.
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It's a way of his power.
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of the God is a soul
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he is not only a soul but also a spiritual
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also in this is a very important thing
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and in the Christian in the whole the teaching of the creationism
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or the creation of the the teaching of the the teaching
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of the world is a creator the perception of the knowledge
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he thought not enough for the knowledge of the world it gives us knowledge only about the things of the
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but not about the things of these it gives us the opportunity to get some knowledge, but only about the outer world.
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In the meantime, a man should strive to analyze and analyze the inner world.
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No exit on the world, обратись to himself.
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In the inside of a person lives the truth, wrote Augustine.
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A sense of thought is a movement of thought, which we can distinguish between ourselves things, which we know.
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A sense of thought can be able to achieve the truth, but only because of God.
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This is a way to know not for all people, but for the chosen people, for the chosen people, for the chosen people, which Augustine calls the pneumatic.
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Also, Augustine developed a concept of two worlds.
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He wrote it in his book, in God's book.
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There is a way of the world, and the way of the world is God's.
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And life in the way of the world is only a moment, and the way of the world is only a moment, and the way of the world is only a moment.
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Also, Augustin, he added two dogmas of the Christian religion.
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These are the dogmas of the creation and the dogmas of the creation.
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We already have them understood, so let's just resume.
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The dogma of the creation consists of that the world is created by God.
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The dogma of the creation consists of that the world is created by God.
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God is a free to know not for all people.
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Although God is not a reason for many, he himself has allowed to know God through the creation of the Bible.
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That is the only way to understand God or the truth.
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Finally, we got to the classic of the Middle Ages.
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The resuscitation of the scholasticity.
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And the most powerful of her representative is the Fomakvin.
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We'll understand what is the scholasticity.
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The scholasticity was when Christians started to understand that the dogmat and the faith are in rationality.
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The scholasticity was considered as a way of understanding God.
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The mind is logic, and not just the mystical thoughts and the feelings of the truth.
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In short, what are your evidence?
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The main purpose of the Scholasticity is the system of Christian faith
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and the the search of the rational proof of the faith.
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The foundation of the faith is in biblical texts, the holy texts of the biblical texts, and the holy comments to them.
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The foundation of the wisdom of the ancient philosophers, like Aristotle or Platon.
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Fama Aquinzki believed that the faith and the mind complement each other.
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The mind helps to understand the world, while the truth is the truth, and the truth is the truth.
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The truth is the truth, and the truth is the truth, and the truth is the truth.
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You can see how the scholastics are united, for example, the work of the Fomay Aquins, in which there is a Christian doctrine, that is a mystic approach,
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and an Aristotle philosophy, that is a rational approach.
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Despite the fact that some religious truths are not going to be the same, He still plays a role in understanding religious beliefs, such as, for example, in the existence of God.
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The truth provides a дополнительные andinti, which the mind cannot be able to reach.
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Well, that is, everything is natural, which logic is not to get.
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Like the beginning of the beginning of the creation of Christ.
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Fama Aquinsky придумated how to prove God logic and brought to this purpose 5 facts.
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1. The way to move things are moving.
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Everything is moving.
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Everything is moving or moving.
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For example, a stone can be pushed by the way, but if it's going to move, it will start moving.
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To move something, it needs a new device, which will give things to move.
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The way to move things are not possible.
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There is a reason for all the things that are moving.
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So if you have a lot of times asked what led to move the previous one, then the answer will be God.
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The reason for the first reason.
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In fact, it's the same, but here is not about the movement, but about the revealing.
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For example, the reason for the birth of a child is his parents.
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So, each of the things that is the reason.
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But what was the first thing?
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This is the first reason and is God.
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3. The third thing is because of the need.
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It's easier to see.
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It's all in the world.
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It's not a thing.
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It's not a thing.
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It's not a thing.
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It's not a thing.
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It's not a thing.
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It's not a thing.
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It's not a thing.
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It's not a thing.
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If every creature or every creature can disappear, it is logical that at some point at all that nothing exists.
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But where did our world then?
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What can everything that surrounds us is being destroyed?
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So it should be something that can not exist.
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Here is the role of God.
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The thing absolutely needs and not to be any other.
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4. The provenance of perfection One person is good at the other.
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One person is good at the other.
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We constantly say it's more right, same, it is the same, it is the same, but more than what?
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How to understand that something is more beautiful, more than what?
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It should be a standard standard, with which we compare everything around.
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So it should exist something absolutely perfect, which is the source of all the degrees of the good, of the beauty, of the truth.
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It is God, the truth, the truth, the beauty and the beauty in чист form.
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5. The who
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programmed the world to work so mad.
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This creator is God.
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This is all in the middle of the world.
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If you are interested in this topic, comment and make a video.
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Renaissance.
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The epoch between the middle of the middle of the middle of the middle of the middle of the 14th
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and 16th century, is the name of the Renaissance or the Renaissance.
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If the middle of the century was the God and the knowledge of God, then the Renaissance is an anti-cholastic and anti-cholasticity.
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The intention of the human being, the belief in his physical and spiritual potential, the life of a positive and optimistic character.
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Why this change is so important?
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The reason is that the most serious changes are the ones that are written in the book.
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They became not so expensive and started to spread out.
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Because of this people started to become a better.
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The growth of the people became a political center, regardless of the faith and the church.
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And of course, the development of the philosophy of the Renaissance was affected by the first parliament
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and the development of the peace of the peace.
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So, the first representatives of the Empire of the War, Cousins, Copernic and Bruno, all of a sudden.
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Cousins.
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Cousins считed that God is everything and everything at all.
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God is infinite and he is united in his own all the opposite.
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and the good and the good, the beginning and the end.
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Man cannot even understand God, because our mind is limited.
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The world is huge and has no clear center.
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Earth is the main thing, the stars are far from the sun.
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The stars are far from the sun.
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All in nature is to be considered to be the geometries of the sun.
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2. Kuperski.
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Kuperski said, but Kuperski said that the Earth is not the center of the universe.
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In addition to this, it was around the Sun.
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And that was the Sun that Copernic considered the center of the universe.
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This was the way that Copernic was considered the world.
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But because of the fact that Copernic was afraid of the sphere of the universe, he published his book on the universe only before death.
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Although at that time, the Church was not as strong, but as we see, it was still the same for the science.
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Copernic was not just believed in the ancient books, like in the study of Aristotle, but also proved the idea of mathematics and the study of the science.
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This was a fundamentalist.
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Copernic said that the world is a clear mathematical law, not chaotic.
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Bruno.
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Jordan Bruno went further from Copernic.
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He said that the universe is a constant, that there is no center, and the stars are a distant sun, around which can also be able to move planets.
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It is a very simple way of creating a concept of the cosmos.
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From the perspective of Cousin's perspective, to the already похож on the modern view of the cosmos.
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Well, Bruno is a very smart idea.
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Например, he said that the universe is infinite and is made by many worlds.
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It was a radically new view for the time.
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In the book about the universe and the universe, Bruce wrote that all the power of God is created not only one, but 100,000, even the infinite, the infinite, the world.
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He said that planets and stars are living, and they are made by the universe.
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They are made by the universe.
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God and nature are one whole.
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That is, the power of the pantheism, which is the power of God and nature.
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Brooming said that God is not a world, but exists in everything.
381
The nature is a manifestation of the divine.
382
He criticized the blinds and criticized the religious authority and encouraged the world through the mind and the science.
383
He was a man who was killed by the Inquisition and killed by the 1600s.
384
Philosophy of Bacon Before this was the transition from the Middle Ages to the New Time.
385
We saw the smart ideas of philosophers, some of whom were paid for this life.
386
They were переходing by their own views.
387
And starting from Baccon's beginning the celebration of the true thought and already serious development of the world.
388
And role of God is the central and the second.
389
The idea of Baccon's mind should bring practical use to improve life of people, not to be torn out of reality,
390
like a scholasticity that fell out in the assumptions about universalism.
391
Bacon is the main goal of empiricism.
392
The idea is that the theory is to be found through the experiment.
393
Bacon has given four types of mistakes, which are not true.
394
1. The idea of the world.
395
2. The idea of human beings.
396
3. The idea of the world.
397
4. The idea of the world.
398
5. The idea of the world.
399
6. The idea of the world.
400
6. The idea of the world.
401
The world is the word, when the terms are used without a clear meaning.
402
The world is the theater, the faith in authority, the philosophy of religion, the tradition.
403
Bacon not rejected God, but believed that the science and the science should not be afraid of each other.
404
Thomas Goebbels.
405
He was the founder of political philosophy and theory of the peace of the agreement.
406
He believed that he was egoistic.
407
Goebbels believed that people of nature are egoistic and are striving to power in their own natural state.
408
To avoid chaos, people have made a peace agreement, the government has been given to the government.
409
He was called the Leliofan, a biblical чудовищ, symbol of absolute power.
410
Gobs supported the monarch and the central power of the power, because only she can only be able to do the monarch.
411
Descartes Descartes was the main goal of the rationalism.
412
Descartes was the goal of the system of knowledge, which would be aimed at the mind.
413
He believed that the world was known through the clear ideas, which can only be made out of axioms and theories.
414
The reason for him was the source of knowledge, unlike the experience of the experience, which can be a fool.
415
The idea of the fact that Descartes came to the conclusion, that the idea of the fact that the doubt is the fact that someone is a doubt.
416
This process of thinking was for him a proof of existence of himself, as a thought of a human being.
417
So it was his famous phrase, I am a thought, and I am a thought.
418
Descartes divided the world on two independent substances.
419
Weasel substance, the spirit, the consciousness, the consciousness, the consciousness, the consciousness, the consciousness, the consciousness, the consciousness, which is according to the mechanics of the law.
420
God of Descartes is the absolute substance, which is the one that is created by the two.
421
Spinoza.
422
He said that he was a person that exists only one substance, God, or the nature.
423
This substance is the one that is constantly, constantly, not only, not only, but also.
424
In general, Spinoza was a part of the panteism.
425
Also, he has given the characteristics of this substance, such as the consciousness, the consciousness, the consciousness and the nature.
426
The theory of the attributes are always very many, but the person knows only these two.
427
Also, Spinoe's thought that everything is in the world, which is a way of the substance, which is not a случай.
428
The freedom of understanding of the need is a reason of the reason of his actions.
429
In order to understand the reason of his actions, the person becomes free.
430
In short, it is not.
431
John Locke, the основan of liberalism and one of the main theorists of the social agreement.
432
His study was made by the
433
way of
434
the as no as it is the most reliable, it doesn't require evidence, it is based on the understanding of the theory of the theory, or the fact that I exist,
435
or the big stone, but he is more than small, this is the intuitive knowledge.
436
The demonstrative knowledge, it is obtained through the logic and the theory of the theory of the theory of mathematics, geometry, synthesis knowledge, основated on the опыт,
437
but more than the first two.
438
For example, the sun is shining, and the sun is strong.
439
For substance, Locke is also a secret of Descartes and Spinoza.
440
Locke is a doubt in understanding of the substance.
441
The substance is just a hypothetical, which is not possible to know the whole thing.
442
Gottfried Leibniz Leibniz said that the universe is a monad, which is simple, not a human substance,
443
which has no parts, that are not material, They don't communicate with each other and vary by the level of consciousness.
444
1-ый level of the Mons are the Gons are the Nish level.
445
They have a conscious sense of a восприятие.
446
Like a Water, water, water, energy.
447
2-ый level of the Mons are the Nish level of the Vos.
448
3-ый level of the Mons are the Nish level of the Mons are the Nish level of the Mons, energy level of the Mons.
449
5-ый level of the Mons are the Nish level of consciousness and mind.
450
This is the Nish level of the Mons are the God who created everything else and provide a good unity.
451
Besides this, Leibniz said that the reason is necessary in the world for harmony and that there are two truths.
452
One of the truths, the truth is the truth, and the truth is the truth, and the truth is the truth, and the truth is the truth.
453
For example, the sun is on the west, it is empiricism.
454
Walter.
455
He believed that the truth should be the center of the education, and only through the wisdom of the thought, one can achieve the true true happiness and understanding of the world.
456
He saw the cause of social evil in the people who led to religious fanatism.
457
Instead of trying to refuse the idea of God, the philosopher offered theism.
458
The principle of which, according to which, there is a higher power, but a person is not supposed to be in the organization.
459
Jean-Jacques Rousseau said that people are good at nature, but they are not bad at the society.
460
He thought that progress is a bad thing.
461
For example, the appearance of a private property led to the equalization of the power and competition.
462
He also considered that the source of power is the people, not the church or army.
463
Montesquieu.
464
He also invented the system of the power of the power of the law on the law, the law and the law.
465
Every path should be independent of each other.
466
It should be a part of the existence of despotism or the power of the power of the power.
467
He also considered that climate, geography and tradition are the form of the law.
468
The people there are more than the despotism.
469
People there are a lot of people and need a power to control them.
470
The climate is a good for republics and monarchy.
471
If you are confused, then the despotism can be considered as a way of monarchy,
472
when the king or elite just does everything he wants without the consequences and without procedures that they can stop it.
473
The freedom he said is right to do everything that is allowed to do with the law, and the law should protect the citizens from the law.
474
Adam Smith.
475
I think that all of them all heard.
476
He was a philosopher and economist.
477
His ideas were in liberalism.
478
He said that the economy itself regulates thanks to the benefits of its participants.
479
The interests of the people are not able to serve public health.
480
He said that the government should not be able to invest in economic.
481
He said that the specialized workers will increase the production.
482
For example, on the phone, if one worker will collect the phone in hand, it will take a lot of time.
483
But if you have to use every component to the other worker, then the production will be improved in hundreds of times.
484
Also, Adam Smith said that the true value of the product is the amount of work, spent on his own production.
485
Ricardo Ricardo was an economist and philosopher, one of the main-classes of the economic economy.
486
The idea of his ideas are in several interesting theories, which are still on us.
487
Let's look at two main theories.
488
The theory of the theory of the value of the stock.
489
He also considered the theory of the Adama Smith
490
and also considered the value of the value of the cost of the product, which is considered on his own production.
491
This is the key to the market.
492
Although Ricardo was a part of capitalism.
493
The theory of the сравmative benefits.
494
The theory of the common characteristics of the product should be specialized in the production of the products, which they can do with the lowest interest in the production, and trade with other products.
495
It's a key to modern trade.
496
Riccardo stood for the minimum of the government in economic economic, then liberalism.
497
He criticized the protectionism, the improvement of the conditions for its own country and supported the free trade.
498
We are talking to the famous famous idealists and materialists, so it's clear that there is materialism and idealism.
499
In fact, it's a sort of a joke.
500
Who is it?
501
Or a chicken or a chicken?
502
The materialists say that first appeared in our material world, but then we are beings, who are aware of the consciousness.
503
The idealists are concerned about the idea of God or the consciousness that created our material world and us.
504
So, let's move to Kant.
505
He was materialist and idealist 50 on 50.
506
Here he is the philosophy.
507
The world is on two levels.
508
The things in themselves, but the things in themselves, which we can't know, We are the ones that are in the same way, depending on how they are, they are understanding.
509
And things are for us, phenomena.
510
And things like we are experiencing through the whole brain of our mind.
511
The whole idea of Platon is already very self-reported.
512
The knowledge about Kant is experience plus a sense.
513
The knowledge is a sense of sense.
514
The space and the time are not the object of the world's own, but the form of our own.
515
In the form of the Kanto, his famous imperative, the category of imperative or moral law is the one that is It is only according to the maxim,
516
which is the one you can also wish to be able to be a whole law Like
517
if your step was a whole law The freedom of the Kanto is not the only duty of the law For example,
518
Puskin went to the duel and died For the Kanto, he was a free one, because he could not be able to do it It was his moral duty.
519
But with Kant's here it's difficult to talk. And last.
520
God, soul and freedom are not necessarily necessary, but necessary for нравственности.
521
They regulate our lives through moral.
522
Fichte A philosopher, who developed the idea of Kant in the direction of the idealism.
523
Let's discuss his concept.
524
Remember, in which the materialism and idealism are different?
525
He's in his concept of the idea, which is the first idea.
526
The I-I is an outer world, the human being.
527
I-I, the consciousness, is the first and the self-sufficient.
528
Without him no one has a world.
529
For example, we only do not know what we could do.
530
If we could do anything, we could be more than a other than a human being.
531
I-I am thinking, so I am.
532
The Dekarthe is a way that is not me.
533
The nature or the nature is like the opposite of the I-I.
534
To be able to show myself.
535
Например, we realize that we are experiencing something внешнего, a threat to other people, a goal of which we need to be able to do.
536
I and I are not-in-I.
537
As we already said, I need not-in-I, to be revealed.
538
I have a struggle with this and in this fight with I, I is a failure.
539
Absolute I is a universal wisdom, creating reality.
540
The whole world is not-in-I, but only a way to self-realize.
541
Gegel.
542
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Gegel the main representative of the German idealism, the creator of the system of the system, which is the development of the absolute spirit,
543
the world of the mind.
544
Let's get into a bit.
545
The absolute spirit is a god of Gegel, but not religious, but in the form of the logic of the world.
546
He is a subject of the way to move the events in the world.
547
The spirit is a kind of a line of the world.
548
This is the subject.
549
All the events, the war, the revolution are not a lie, but a planned event, the future goal is to be the freedom.
550
People evolve from the east to the east to the the European countries, where the freedom is all.
551
The power of the nation is the only one.
552
Each nation has a unique power of its culture, religion, and traditions, and this power of the nation.
553
This power of the nation is the only one, the only one is the absolute power of the nation.
554
The role of the great people, such as the Macedon, Napoleon and so on, is part of the history.
555
They think they are doing the same, but they are doing the same, which they are doing the same.
556
This philosophy of Gegel explained the world.
557
All the actions in this world are just for something to be needed, and not just so.
558
The dialect of Gegel is a method of understanding the world through the war and the unity of the opposite.
559
Look, the dialect of Gegel is built on the thesis-antithesis-synthesis.
560
The thesis is the idea of the idea.
561
For example, the king is one of the only ones.
562
Absolutism, anti-tesis, противоположность или отрицание этого тезиса.
563
Демократия.
564
Власть должна быть у народа.
565
Синтез – это новый, улучшенный вариант, взявший лучшее от первого и второго.
566
И в итоге переходит на новый уровень развития.
567
Например, конституционная монархия.
568
Король остается, но есть парламент, который его ограничивает.
569
Получается баланс традиций и свобод.
570
Этим Гегель говорил, что конфликт не уничтожает мировой прогресс, а поднимает его на новый уровень.
571
Фейербах.
572
Ludwig Feierbach is a philosopher who has taken the center of philosophy from God and abstract ideas on a real person.
573
His approach is called anthropologism.
574
This is a very open atheist and a very против of religion.
575
Bruno is a devout of this time.
576
The thesis is not that God created a person, but that God created a person.
577
Religion is a projection of the human qualities in the brain.
578
In short, this is just his idea.
579
Fierbach считает, что человек – высшая ценность.
580
Философия должна изучать не абстрактный дух, как у Гегеля, а реальные потребности чувства и природы человека.
581
Бог считает он – идеализированный образ человека, лишенный недостатков.
582
Люди отчуждают свои лучшие качества, приписывая их к какому-то несуществующему богу, и тем самым объединяют себя.
583
Fierbach отвергал идеализм Гегеля.
584
Бытие или материальный мир определяет сознание, а не наоборот.
585
Шопенгауэр.
586
Arthur Schopenhauer said that the world is suffering.
587
The will is the eternal life of suffering.
588
It is the way to move everything forward through the suffering.
589
For example, if you want a car, you buy it.
590
The joy goes quickly.
591
Now you want a house.
592
And so to the end.
593
It is the will.
594
It is the way to make us want more and more, but happiness does not bring happiness.
595
How to save this horrible circle?
596
Schopenhauer offers two paths.
597
The art, especially music, at the time, is the way to get out of the struggle.
598
And the askeza and the struggle.
599
It's not to be able to get out of the desire, like the buddhist.
600
In short, his philosophy is also a way to get out of the struggle.
601
But you can slightly get out of the struggle, if not to be able to get out of the desire.
602
Nietzsche Nietzsche took the idea of the will of Schopenhauer and said that it's cool.
603
He said that the world is not a struggle, but a desire to be in power.
604
It's not a political story, but a control or a power.
605
For example, a painting, who paints 10 hours a day, does this, to be a great.
606
It's his own will to be a power.
607
So, for example, if a businessman is building an empire.
608
Also Nietzsche says that God died.
609
It's time for a super-human.
610
Nietzsche says that people themselves have been able to solve his problems.
611
Christianity, according to his opinion, is to be strong and to be careful.
612
This is a moral of the rich.
613
Super-human by Nietzsche is ideal.
614
He himself creates its own values.
615
They wait until the religion or the government will say, what is good.
616
They are taking the struggle as part of life.
617
They are not killing them.
618
They are living so that they want to keep their lives again and again.
619
4. The philosophy of the Marx and Engels Marx and Engels said that the history of humanity is a struggle for class.
620
The rich and rich are against the poor.
621
Capitalism they called the system, where the bourgeoisie, the authorities, the corporations, the police, the police,
622
the police, the police, What was the main view of these philosophers?
623
The theory of the cost.
624
In this theory, everything is tied to the fact that the capitalist pays less than the product of his work.
625
We will not stop on this, because there is a lot of things.
626
Revolutionary and the dictatorship of the proletariat.
627
They thought that the workers should be able to get into the war.
628
Then the government will constantly be able to become a communist, a society without money, classes and exploitation.
629
LENIN The Marxism was used to be a part of the regime.
630
His key concepts were also the protestors of the protest.
631
After the revolution, the government should be able to work.
632
He also considered imperialism a higher level of capitalism.
633
He considered that capitalism became a global system where the rich and poor people are being killed.
634
The revolution should not be a mass of workers, but a professional revolution.
635
It was a part of the party.
636
For example, a way to go, they don't need to be a big fan of the army.
637
They are not just a socialist, but a disiplinatory organization, ready to fight the power of the party.
638
Кстати, the approach to the party was one of the main reasons of the confrontation of Leni's Marxism.
639
Leni's revolution was fought for the revolution.
640
The socialism wins only if revolution will happen in the world.
641
That's why we have to finish the story of the philosophy.
642
I can't wait for them to be able to understand the Russian and the Byzantine philosophy.
643
There is a lot to talk about it.
644
If you are interested in these topics, comment if so.
645
I will make a video for them.
646
I hope it's time to break down.
647
I hope that video was interesting.
648
I hope everyone finds out how to use it for yourself.
649
Comment, subscribe, subscribe.
650
There are many interesting topics.
651
See you!
652
Thank you.
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Vocabulary and speaking notes for this lesson
This video has 626 sentences and 8162 words to shadow. The speech runs for 45:08. The speaker talks fast, about 181 words per minute, so expect linked and reduced sounds. 87% of the words are among the 3,000 most common in English; the rest is worth studying before you start.
Key vocabulary in this video
15 words from the video worth learning, with pronunciation and meaning:
| Word | Pronunciation | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| philosopher noun | /fəˈlɑsəfɚ/ | A lover of wisdom. |
| ideal adjective | /aɪˈdi(ə)l/ | Pertaining to ideas, or to a given idea. |
| consciousness noun | /ˈkɑnʃəsnəs/ | The state of being conscious or aware; awareness. |
| substance noun | /ˈsʌbstəns/ | Physical matter; material. |
| creator noun | /kɹiːˈeɪ̯təː/ | Something or someone which creates or makes something. |
| mathematics noun | /mæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪks/ | An abstract representational system studying numbers, shapes, structures, quantitative change and relationships between them. |
| cosmos noun | /ˈkɑzməs/ | The universe regarded as a system with harmony and order. |
| topic noun | /ˈtɑpɪk/ | A subject; a theme; a category or general area of interest. |
| moral adjective | /ˈmoɹəl/ | Of or relating to principles of right and wrong in behaviour, especially conforming to principles of rectitude. |
| wisdom noun | /ˈwɪzdəm/ | An element of personal character that enables one to distinguish the wise from the unwise. |
| infinite adjective | /ˈɪnfɪnɪt/ | Indefinably large, countlessly great; immense. |
| divide verb | /dɪˈvaɪd/ | To split or separate (something) into two or more parts. |
| rational adjective | /ˈɹæʃ(ə)nəl/ | Capable of reasoning. |
| capitalism noun | /ˈkæp.ə.təlˌɪzm̩/ | A socio-economic system based on private ownership of resources, and capital and their exploitation for profit. |
| characteristic noun | /ˌkæɹ(ə)ktəˈɹɪstɪk/ | A distinguishing feature of a person or thing, a part of mental or physical behavior. |
Phrasal verbs you will hear
| Word | Meaning |
|---|---|
| get out of verb | To leave, exit or escape from; to become free of. |
| break down verb | To stop functioning. |
| find out verb | To discover, as by asking or investigating. |
| live through verb | To survive a difficult period or event |
| make out of verb | To construct from; to create (something) using (a material or substance). |
| spread out verb | Become further apart. |
Pronunciation to watch
The speaker uses 24 contractions and reduced forms, such as I'm, don't, can't. Say them the short way, as you hear them.
- The “th” sounds: mathematics /mæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪks/, thesis /ˈθisɪs/, theoretical /ˌθi.əˈɹɛt.ɪ.kəl/, synthesis /ˈsɪnθəsɪs/, theater /ˈθi(ə)tɚ/
- The “sh” and “zh” sounds: consciousness /ˈkɑnʃəsnəs/, rational /ˈɹæʃ(ə)nəl/, conclusion /kənˈkluːʒən/, politician /ˌpɑ.ləˈtɪʃ.ən/, transition /tɹænˈzɪʃ.ən/
- Long words — get the stress right: philosopher /fəˈlɑsəfɚ/, mathematics /mæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪks/, capitalism /ˈkæp.ə.təlˌɪzm̩/, characteristic /ˌkæɹ(ə)ktəˈɹɪstɪk/, philosophical /ˌfɪl.əˈsɑ.fɪ.kl̩/
How to practise with this video
- Listen to the whole video once without speaking and note the words you do not know.
- Start at 0.75× speed, shadow it sentence by sentence, then go back to normal speed once it feels easy.
- Record yourself and compare with the original, paying attention to words like philosopher, ideal, consciousness.
Grammar in this video
The structures the speaker uses most, with the exact words from the video:
| Structure | In the video |
|---|---|
| Conditional sentences if + clause, will/would + verb — a condition and its result | If you don't understand, I'll explain · if it's going to move, it will start · if one worker will collect |
| Passive voice be + past participle — the focus is on what happens, not who does it | was born · was involved · were made |
| Relative clauses who / which + clause — extra information about a person or thing | teachings, which was · Apeiron, which is · matter, which is |
| Present perfect have/has + past participle — a past action that still matters now | have invested · has been · has removed |
What is the Shadowing Technique?
Shadowing is a science-backed language learning technique originally developed for professional interpreter training and popularized by polyglot Dr. Alexander Arguelles. The method is simple but powerful: you listen to native English audio and immediately repeat it out loud — like a shadow following the speaker with just a 1–2 second delay. Unlike passive listening or grammar drills, shadowing forces your brain and mouth muscles to simultaneously process and reproduce real speech patterns. Research shows it significantly improves pronunciation accuracy, intonation, rhythm, connected speech, listening comprehension, and speaking fluency — making it one of the most effective methods for IELTS Speaking preparation and real-world English communication.